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Topic: Abd ar rahman II

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	Abd ar-Rahman II and III
		Abd ar-Rahman II also improved relations with neighbouring provinces and spoke as a protector to all.
		Furthermore, Abd ar-Rahman II is ascribed with the establishment of the princely monoploy over the minting of coinage, and, the streamlining of the administrative machine.
		Abd ar-Rahman's first important task was to accomplish what his forebeares had failed to do, which was restoring internal unity amongst the citizens of al-Andalus and stabilize the region from invaders.
	www.idir.net /~suede/successor3.html (567 words)

	2. Muslim Spain. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abd al-Rahman I, grandson of the Umayyad caliph of Damascus who, when the triumphant Abbasids (See 749–54) ordered all princes of the Umayyad family killed, escaped (after many romantic adventures) to Spain, defeated the emir (Arabic title for governor of Córdoba), assumed the title, and founded an independent Muslim kingdom.
		Abd ar-Rahman's reign was marked by the pacification of the country, completion of governmental organization (centralization), and naval activity.
		Hisham II al Muayyad, whose reign marked the decline of the Umayyad dynasty.
	www.bartleby.com /67/419.html (854 words)

	Abd ar-Rahman II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Abd ar-Rahman II (Arabic: عبد الرحمن الثاني) ‎ (788-852) was an Arab-Spanish ruler.
		The son of Emir Al-Hakam I, he became Emir of Córdoba, Spain in 822 and engaged in nearly continuous warfare against Alfonso II of Asturias, whose southward advance he halted (822-842).
		In 837 he suppressed a revolt of Christians and Jews in Toledo and repulsed an assault by Scandinavian sea rovers in 844, and afterwards constructed a fleet and naval arsenal at Seville to repel future raids.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abd_ar-Rahman_II (191 words)

	chapterfive.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		'Abd ar-Rahman III was ushered to the Umayyad throne by destiny.
		However, upon the death of Ramero II, the internal struggle for power between his two sons lead to the deterioration of conditions within the kingdom of Leon to such an extent that 'Abd ar-Rahman was called upon by his enemies to settle the issue between the two Christian brothers.
		But 'Abd ar-Rahman was not oblivious of the danger, and was able to confront the Fatimids courageously and forcefully, and although he had protected the integrity of the state quite efficiently, one important element had skipped his mind, namely, the importance of having a strong naval force.
	www.artopedia.com /chapter4.html (7072 words)

	Abd-ar-rahman_I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abd ar-Rahman I (ruled 756-788) was the founder of a Muslim dynasty that ruled Spain for nearly three centuries.
		The long reign of Abd ar Rahman I was spent in a struggle to reduce his anarchical Arab and Berber subjects to order.
		In 763 he was compelled to fight at the very gate of his capital with rebels acting on behalf of the Abbasids, and had won a signal victory, he cut off the heads of the leaders, filled them with salt and camphor and sent them as a defiance to the eastern caliph.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Abd-ar-rahman_I (669 words)

	Abd ar-Rahman I
		However, luck was soon to befall al-Andalus from the surprising arrival of a wandering figure of royalty who escaped with his life amidst political turbulence in his native Syrian homeland.
		Abd ar-Rahman I, was barely 20-years old when he saw the massacre of his ruling Umayyad dynasty by the Abassids in Syria.
		Nevertheless, neither he nor a single one of his successors managed to reclaim their Syrian homeland, but there is no doubt that Abd-ar-Rahman restored political and financial order in the province along with the development of the local infrastructure.
	www.idir.net /~suede/successor1.html (633 words)

	Algeria Abd al Qadir - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abd al Qadir took refuge with his ally, the sultan of Morocco, Abd ar Rahman II, and launched raids into Algeria.
		However, Abd al Qadir was obliged to surrender to the commander of Oran Province, General Louis de Lamoricière, at the end of 1847.
		Abd al Qadir was promised safe conduct to Egypt or Palestine if his followers laid down their arms and kept the peace.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/algeria/algeria_history_abd_al_qadir.html (821 words)

	Caliph of Cordoba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Rulers of the Emirate were content to use the title emir or sultan until the 10th century, when Abd-ar-Rahman III was faced with the threat of invasion by the Fatimids, a rival Islamic empire based in Cairo.
		Partially to help in his fight against the invading Fatimids, who claimed the Caliphate in opposition to the generally recognized Abbasidian Caliph of Baghdad, Rahman III claimed the title of Caliph himself.
		This move helped Rahman III gain prestige with his subjects, and the title was retained even after the Fatimids were repulsed.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Caliph_of_Cordoba (468 words)

	Abd ar-Rahman III, emir and caliph of Cordoba. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Abd ar-Rahman III, emir and caliph of Cordoba.
		Abd ar-Rahman III, emir and caliph of Córdoba
		Abd ar-Rahman recovered the lost provinces, consolidated the central government, and created internal peace and prosperity.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ab/AbdarRah3.html (152 words)

	Abd ar-Rahman -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		King Faysal II and Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah were both assassinated, and Iraq was subsequently declared a republic by its new leader, 'Abd al-Karim Qasim, a general in the Iraqi army.
		Bangladeshi political leader of conservative Bangladesh Nationalist party; widow of former president, Gen. Ziaur Rahman (assassinated 1981), who tutored her in English, geography, history, and world affairs; Awami League opponent in parliamentary election was daughter of nation's first prime minister, Sheik Mujibur Rahman (assassinated 1975); sworn in as...
		Biographical sketch of this Egyptian mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9003273?tocId=9003273 (626 words)

	Abd ar-Rahman II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Abd ar-Rahman II Set home page · Bookmark site · Add search
		Abd ar-Rahman II Abd-ar-rahman II (822 - 852) was one of the weaker of the Spanish Umayyads.
		He was a prince with a taste for music and literature, whose reign was a time of confusion.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/abd_ar_rahman_ii (151 words)

	List of people by name: A - Simple English Wikipedia
		Albert II of Belgium, (born June 6, 1934), King of the Belgians
		Albert II of Hapsburg, (August 10, 1397-1439), German ruler, king of Bohemia and Hungary, and (as Albert V) duke of Austria
		Ardashir II of Persia, from 379 to 383.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_people_by_name:_A (1214 words)

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