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Topic: Abdali

	Invasions Of Ahmad Shah Abdali
		Ahmad Shah Abdali, while accompanying Nadir to India, had seen with his own eyes "the weakness of the Empire, the imbecility of the Emperor, the inattentiveness of the ministers, the spirit of independence which had crept among the grandees".
		The Abdali invaded India for the third time in Dec. 1751, when he again defeated Mir mannu, conquered Kashmir, and forced the Mughul Emperor, Ahmad Shah, to cede to him the country as far east as Sirhind.
		Ahmad Shah Abdali "retained hold of Peshawar and the country west of Attock, while he abandoned the Manjha districts and central Punjab including Lahore to the Sikhs; but the Sind-Sagar and Jech Doab in the western Punjab remained a debatable land which finally came into their possession in the days of his unworthy successors".
	www.afghan-network.net /Culture/ahmadshah.html (1358 words)

	Ahmad Shah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ahmad Shah (1724–1773), founder of the Durrani dynasty in Afghanistan, was the son of Zaman-Khan, hereditary chief of the Abdali tribe.
		The name 'Durrani' or 'Durr-i-Durran' means the 'pearl of pearls' in Persian and was given to the Abdali tribe in 1747 when Ahmad Shah Abdali united the Pashtun tribes following a loya jirga and changed his own name to Ahmad Shah Durrani when he became the king of Afghanistan and founded the Durrani Empire.
		Ahmad Shah and his sons were the first Pashtun rulers of Afghanistan, from the Sadozai line of the Abdali or Durrani group of clans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ahmad_Shah (397 words)

	Abdali yields way for new $1.2b city centre
		AMMAN — A large chunk of the Abdali area, home to the complexes of the Public Security Department, the Jordan Armed Forces, and the Amman division of the General Intelligence Directorate, is being torn down to make way for a $1.2 billion city centre for the capital.
		The overall Abdali Regeneration Project, to be completed in six to nine years, will consist of 50 buildings ranging in purpose from restaurants, shops, cinema theatres and galleries to health clubs, public plazas and other open spaces designed for the public.
		Abdali's strategic location between the downtown Amman area and Shmeisani, the capital's financial district, is expected to attract new investments, he said.
	www.jordanembassyus.org /05172002003.htm (630 words)

	Historical Sikh Events at Gateway to Sikhism:The Great Holocaust (Wadda Ghalughara)
		The nearest helper and ally of the foreigner was Aqil Das Niranjania of Jandiala.
		Getting the message of Aqil Dass, Abdali reached Lahore on 3rd February, 1762 A.D. He sent messages to the Commanders of Sirhind and Malerkotla (Son of the same Nawaab Sher Khan of Malerkotla who had tried to protect the 'Chhote Sahibzade) to block the passage of Sikhs.
		During the time, Abdali's army was drinking water from the pool, the Sikhs had gone far away.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /events/grtholo.htm (1225 words)

	Gateway to Sikhism : Sikh Warriors : Defence of Amritsar
		Instead of being confined to the Sikh Mughal fight, the incessant invsions of Ahmad Shah Abdali, ruler of Afghanistan, brought the Sikhs in conflict with the Afghans.
		Mir Mannu surrendered to Abdali and thus averting a disaster for Punjab and Delhi.
		Abdali defeated Marathas and retreated to Kabul with lots of booty, Sikhs again snatched most of his booty from his baggage train.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /warriors/amritsar.htm (1875 words)

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Ahmad Shah Baba Durrani
		In 1747 Ahmad Shah and his Abdali horsemen joined the chiefs of the Abdali tribes and clans near Kandahar to choose a leader.
		One of Ahmad Shah's first acts as chief was to adopt the title "Durr-i-Durrani" ("pearl of pearls" or "pearl of the age"), which may have come from a dream or from the pearl earrings worn by the royal guard of Nadir Shah.
		Abdali Durrani is the First King of Afghanistan and founder of the Sadozay dynasty of the Abdali tribe.
	www.afghanland.com /history/ahmadshah.html (1219 words)

	Festival News 2004, in English
		Abdali Muhammad fled from Afghanistan in 1998 because of the Taliban government.
		When Abdali was eight years old, the Soviet army started waging a long and exhausting war in Afghanistan, that lasted throughout the 1980’s.
		Abdali has lived in Finland for a year, and he finds it great that Afghan films can now be seen in Tampere.
	www.uta.fi /festnews/fn2004/wednesday/9427.html (648 words)

	Yes, he did massacre and plunder Indians
		It is difficult to understand why a controversy on Ahmad Shah Abdali's role during his Indian campaigns is being raised these days and the Afghan king being presented as a hero by some and an invader and a marauder by others.
		Ahmad Shah Abdali (1722-1773) was with Nadir Shah when the latter invaded India in 1739 and participated in all his Indian campaigns and subsequent lootings.
		After the invasion, Abdali's first victim was the population of Mathura, the holy city of the Hindus.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0903/137.html (1423 words)

	Afghanistan - AHMAD SHAH AND THE DURRANI EMPIRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From Nadir Shah's death in 1747 until the communist coup of April 1978, Afghanistan was governed--at least nominally--by Pashtun rulers from the Abdali group of clans.
		Two lineage groups within the Abdali ruled Afghanistan from 1747 until the downfall of the monarchy in the 1970s--the Sadozai of the Popalzai tribe, and the Muhammadzai of the Barakzai tribe.
		In 1747 Ahmad Shah and his Abdali horsemen joined the chiefs of the Abdali tribes and clans near Qandahar to choose a leader.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-11.html (1625 words)

	Star (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was seen arguing with a bus driver who refused to park at the terminal to pick the passengers destined to Fuheis, but instead started to drive ahead empty to collect passengers on the road.
		At the Abdali Terminal, there are 22 buses operating on the Amman-Ajloun route, three of which serve passengers going to the Gaza refugee camp.
		“Buses that target Abdali area often are at a snail’s pace in view of the traffic jam that block the Queen Rania Street (aka University of Jordan Street) and the roundabouts.
	www.star.com.jo /viewnews/DetailNews.aspx?nid=894 (1107 words)

	Marrtyrdom of Baba Dip Singh: A Historical Perspective
		Abdali himself resorted to all sorts of torture and humiliation of all the high nobles, "even the greatest grandees" of the court, to extract their hoarded treasures.
		To Abdali's great annoyance, they easily succeeded in acquiring many horses and a good part of the enormous booty he was carrying off.
		Abdali left ten thousand of his best Afghan troops in Lahore, and advised Jahan Khan to raise a separate army of India-born Turki, Irani and Afghan soldiers.
	www.sikhspectrum.com /022005/babadipsingh.htm (3583 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ahmad Shah Abdali (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ahmad Shah (1724-1773), founder of the Durrani dynasty in Afghanistan, was the son of Sammaun_Khan, hereditary chief of the Abdali tribe.
		In March 1738 he was rescued by Nadir Shah, who soon afterwards gave him the command of a body of cavalry composed chiefly of Abdalis.
		On the assassination of Nadir in 1747, Ahmad, having failed in an attempt to seize the Persian treasures, retreated to Afghanistan, where he easily persuaded the native tribes to assert their independence and accept him as their sovereign.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ahmad-Shah-Abdali (610 words)

	Abdali Road March 1991 - "Highway of Death"
		Abdali is commonly referred to as the "Highway of Death." This was the main roadway leaving Kuwait City towards Bahgdad.
		On February 26th and 27th 1991, U.S. planes trapped long convoys of fleeing Iraqi's by disabling vehicles in the front, and at the rear, and then pounded the resulting traffic jams for hours.
		These pictures were shot by me about 10 days after the cessation of hostilities in early March 1991.
	home.alltel.net /roedder/abdali/abdali.html (91 words)

	Ahmad Shah Durrani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		While re-establishing Safavid rule in Persia, Nadir Quli Beg had perforce to contend with Abdali incursions into Persian territory from the area of Herat and when, even after defeat, they persisted in stirring up periodic revolts, an exasperated Nadir moved their leaders away from Herat to Persia where they were given lands and prospered.
		An Abdali chieftain was appointed governor of Nadirabad and Abdali tribesmen swarmed in from Persia to occupy Ghilzai lands be-tween Kandahar and Herat.
		Nadir Shah also released several Abdali from Kandahar's pus-ons, one of whom was Ahmad Khan Sadozai, the young 16 year old son of a prominent Abdali chieftain.
	www.afghanan.net /afghanistan/sites/durrani.htm (859 words)

	The Hujra:::The Online Pashtoon Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Durrani or Abdali tribe is one of the two largest Pashtun tribes of Afghanistan and are also found in large numbers in western Pakistan.
		The Durrani were known as the Abdali since Islamic times and have frequently lived under Persian rule in ancient times and emerged near the city of Kandahar and were most likely Buddhist and Zoroastrian in religion prior to the coming of Muslim Arab invaders who began the conversion of the local population to Islam.
		The Abdalis appear to have begun to spread out during the early Middle Ages along with other Pashtun tribes and came to inhabit most of what is today Afghanistan by 1000 CE at the latest.
	www.thehujra.com /more_article.asp?id=18 (675 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh - Situation in Punjab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Afghans were forced to retreat and Lahore was occupied by the Sikhs in 1758, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia proclaimed Sikh's sovereignty and became its head.
		When Ahmad Shah Abdali was engaged in his campaign against the Marathas at Panipat in 1761, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia plundered Sirhind and Dialpur, seized some places in Ferozepur district and took under his possession Jagraon and Kot Isa Khan on the other bank of Sutlej.
		After the departure of Ahmad Shah Abdali, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia attacked Sirhind, it was razed to ground and the afghan Governor Zen Khan was killed.
	www.searchsikhism.com /ran2.html (1346 words)

	Billion-dollar Amman project to be featured at Cityscape Expo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The massive 30-hectare Abdali project features several districts: IT, residential, retailing and entertainment, medical, a civic pole, a campus for the American University in Jordan, and a pedestrian spine.
		Without doubt, investors will be attracted to the Abdali project’s components that include retail buildings and malls, high- and mid-rise office buildings, residential buildings from luxury apartments to student dormitories, medical centres, hotels, cinemas and entertainment facilities.
		Handling the project is Abdali Investment & Development, a company established in Jordan jointly by Mawared, the country’s National Resources Investment and Development Corporation, and Oger Jordan, a Jordanian branch of Saudi Oger, a development organization involved with major real estate and construction projects all over the world.
	www.strategiy.com /printer.asp?cat=news&id=20041202003507 (536 words)

	THE SIKHS IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		At this Abdali sent message to Zain Khan that he was not capable to crush the power of Sikhs.
		Ahmed Shah Abdali moved in the direction of Batala, at Batala he was set upon by a force of 30 thousands Sikhs under the command of Baghel Singh, Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, Hari Singh Bhangi and others.
		The Sikhs attacked Abdali once again and in the ensuing fight Sarbuland Khan was wounded and Abdali was thoroughly defeated.
	www.punjabheritage.com /ethos.htm (11876 words)

	MENAFN - Middle East North Africa . Financial Network News: Austrian company invests 150m euros in MAWARED's ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Referring to the Abdali project in Amman, Abu Hamdan said plans are laid for a vital and integrated project set up on 30 hectares at a site located at the heart of the capital.
		The Abdali project, he explained, would serve as a multipurpose fully-integrated project served by a modern communications network embodying entertainment, educational, and a variety of other services, which together are expected to attract more investors to the capital.
		The project in Abdali will include the American University of Jordan, commercial centres, Al Hussein Public Library and a public square linked to the parliament building, the palace of Justice and the King Abdullah Mosque.
	www.menafn.com /qn_news_story_s.asp?StoryId=38274 (570 words)

	Abdali - Pakistan Missile Special Weapons Delivery Systems
		The existence of a "Ghauri-II" missile is evidently implicit in the "Ghauri-III" nomenclature, although there are no indications to identify or substantiate the existence of such as missile program.
		The report said the Abdali missile was fired from from a submarine.
		However there has been no confirmation of the missile tests, and Pakistan does not have a submarine that would be suitable for firing such a missile.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/world/pakistan/abdali.htm (260 words)

	Aljazeera.Net - Jordan accelerates property project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Infrastructure work on the site will be finished next March by Abdali Investment and Development, a 50-50 joint venture between Mawared and Saudi-based Oger group, which is owned by the family of late Lebanese prime minister Rafiq al-Hariri.
		But for the Abdali project as a whole, we are talking about a time-frame of eight years from now," he added.
		Mawared sought foreign investors for the Abdali project but was finding strong local interest for residential units in its other major $900 million project close to Zarqa.
	english.aljazeera.net /NR/exeres/137BEC8F-88CA-49A6-B505-A79897C793E8.htm (497 words)

	Sardar Jassa Singh Ramgarhia
		Hearing the news of the second invasion of Abdali, Mir Mannu made peace with Sikhs and sanctioned an estate in Patti area for their benefit.
		Abdali attacked India and Jassa Singh's squad along with other Sikh squads was deployed in and around hills of Jammu, Pathankot, to harass and snatch Abdali's baggage train.
		His 5000 cavalry soldiers harassed Abdali's Afghanis through guerilla tactics of warfare that Abdali lost more soldiers to Sikhs in this type of warfare than his battle with Marathas.
	www.sikhpoint.com /Religion/sikhcommunity/jassasinghramgarhia.htm (939 words)

	DURRANI2
		1598 - 1627 Amir-i-Afghan Sado Khan [Malik Saddu], Governor of Safa and Chief of the Alus Abdali.
		1627 Khwaja Khizr Khan, Governor of Safa and Chief of the Alus Abdali.
		September 1582, eldest son of Amir-i-Afghan Malik Saddu, Governor of Safa and Chief of the Alus Abdali.
	4dw.net /royalark/Afghanistan/durrani1.htm (734 words)

	A History of Kashmiri Pandits
		Some amongst them wrote a letter to Abdali inviting him to depute a Subedar for Kashmir with this assurance on their part that the country along with its Mogul Subedar, Afrasiab Beg Khan would be handed over to him without any bloodshed.
		Mohammad Shah was succeeded by Ahmad Shah, in whose reign Kashmir permanently passed out of the Mogul suzerainty and came into the possession of the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali, although for a period of five years more it lingered on as a part of the tottering Empire of the Moguls.
		Abdali was only too glad to oblige the two Kashmiri notables and deputed Abdulla Aishak Aqasi with a considerable force for the conquest of Kashmir.
	www.kashmir-information.com /Kilam/chapter11.html (1320 words)

	A History of Kashmiri Pandits
		For some time the affairs were carried on smoothly when Abdali made a peremptory demand for a huge sum of money, over and above the annual tribute.
		He after all, succeeded in establishing a settled and a humane Government which stood in such a glaring contrast to the chaotic conditions which prevailed before him, that the people without any distinction of creed or caste gathered under his banner.
		Nurud-Din Khan Bamezai, a veteran General in the army of Abdali, was deputed this time to effect the conquest of Kashmir.
	www.kashmir-information.com /Kilam/chapter12.html (1657 words)

	Afghanan Dot Net
		From the death of Nadir Shah in 1747 until the communist coup of April 1978, Afghanistan was governed-at least nominally- by Pashtun rulers of the Abdali tribe.
		Although tribal independence would remain a threat to rulers of Afghanistan, the Abdali Pashtun established political dominance, starting in the middle of the eighteenth century with the rise of Ahmad Shah.
		Ahmad and his Abdali horsemen rode past Herat and southeastward, joining the chiefs of the Abdali tribes and clans at a shrine near Kandahar to choose a paramount chief.
	www.afghanan.net /afghanistan/durrani.htm (1876 words)

	GN Online: Short-range missile test-fired
		The test of short range Abdali missile was successful and validated all parameters, the statement issued by the Inter-Services Public Relations department said.
		The Abdali surface-to-surface missile has a range of up to 200 km and is capable of carrying a nuclear warhead, an official source said.
		Pakistan conducted an Abdali (Hatf II) missile test in May last year in a series of five tests of nuclear-capable surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missiles.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/news.asp?ArticleID=82241 (635 words)

	USD 1 billion downtown property project in Jordan :: Gowealthy.com
		Almost half the 1 million square meter space allocated for the project will be soon transformed to be the prime area of the capital's centre into a high tech commercial and residential hub.
		Land purchase deals were expected to be concluded soon for most of the 480,000 square metres of office space in the Abdali estate, with bids coming from a mix of investors such as Gulf Arab and Jordanian real estate firms, as well as services and financial houses.
		Abdali's master plan drawn up by Beirut based Laceco architects and engineers envisages eight towers and a large pedestrian spine, along with the campus of an American University and a convention centre on a 35 hectares site.
	www.gowealthy.com /realestate/news/574/detail.asp (408 words)

	Afghanistan Country Study
		Two lineage groups within the Abdali ruled Afghanistan from 1747 until the downfall of the monarchy in the 1970s-the Sadozai of the Popalzai tribe and the Muhammadzai of the Barakzai tribe.
		Ahmad and his Abdali horsemen rode past Herat and southeastward, joining the chiefs of the Abdali tribes and clans at a shrine near Qandahar to choose a paramount chief.
		One of Ahmad's first acts as chief was to adopt the title "Durr-i-Durran" (meaning "pearl of pearls" or "pearl of the age"), whether because of a dream or because of the pearl earrings worn by the royal guard of Nadir Shah.
	www.gl.iit.edu /govdocs/afghanistan/AhmedShahDurranni.html (4715 words)

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