Abdication Crisis of 1936

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	Knowledge King - Abdication
		Probably the most famous abdication in recent memory is that of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom in 1936, who abdicated the British throne in order to marry American divorceé Wallis Simpson, over the objections of the Church of England and the royal family.
		Abdication (from the Latin abdicatio disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one), the act whereby a person in office renounces and gives up the same before the expiry of the time for which it is held.
		Richard II of England, for example, was forced to abdicate after the throne was seized by his cousin, Henry Bolingbroke, while Richard was out of the country.
	www.knowledgeking.net /encyclopedia/a/ab/abdication.html (335 words)

	Abdication Crisis of Edward VIII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was then given legislative form by a special Act of Parliament (His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936).
		Edward VIII's written abdication notice was witnessed by his three younger brothers at Fort Belvedere: Albert, the Duke of York, who became King George VI by it, Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and George, Duke of Kent.
		But by his abdication, Edward was no longer in the line of succession, so it would have required the deposition of King George VI and the repeal of the Abdication Act by all the parliaments in the Commonwealth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abdication_Crisis_of_Edward_VIII (2000 words)

	Encyclopedia: Edward VIII of the United Kingdom
		Edward duly signed an instrument of abdication at Fort Belvedere on December 10, 1936 in the presence of his three brothers, The Duke of York, The Duke of Gloucester and The Duke of Kent.
		The British Parliament passed His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 the next day and, on receiving the Royal Assent from Edward, he legally ceased to be King in the United Kingdom and all but one of his commonwealth realms.
		His Majestys Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 was the Act of the British Parliament that allowed King Edward VIII to abdicate the throne, and passed succession to Prince Albert, Duke of York.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Edward-VIII-of-the-United-Kingdom (11653 words)

	1936 in Canada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		December 11- The British Parliament passes His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 which legislates the abdication of King Edward VIII.
		See also: 1935 in Canada, other events of 1936, 1937 in Canada and the Timeline of Canadian history.
		Canada gives its assent under the Statute of Westminster 1931 for the law to apply in Canada.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1936_in_Canada (213 words)

	TIME 100: Leaders & Revolutionaries - Winston Churchill
		When Chamberlain came home from Munich with "Peace for our time," Churchill called it by its right name: "A total and unmitigated defeat." (An interlude in Churchill's Cassandra years was his defense of King Edward VIII in the 1936 abdication crisis over Wallis Simpson.
		When Hitler occupied and fortified the Rhineland in 1936, Churchill's strategic sense told him that the danger lay in Eastern Europe, now that Germany's western border was safe against invasion.
		Churchill the historian in the '20s wrote The World Crisis, professionally regarded as the best account of World War I. His Marlborough is not just a tribute to a famous ancestor.
	www.time.com /time/time100/leaders/profile/churchill_related10.html (456 words)

	CNN.com - Mrs. Simpson had secret lover - Jan. 30, 2003
		The previously top-secret government files on Britain's 1936 abdication crisis also show how the late Queen Mother was instrumental in preventing Edward and Simpson from returning to England after leaving for France.
		During the Simpsons' divorce hearing in late 1936, a lawyer accused the couple of taking part in a clever plan to end their marriage.
		Edward abdicated in December 1936 to marry Simpson after he was on the throne for less than a year.
	edition.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/europe/01/29/edward.files (1227 words)

	Humphrey Jennings - Observing the masses
		The abdication crisis of 1936, during which Edward gave up the throne to marry the American divorcee Wallis Simpson, was a shock for left-wing intellectuals because it revealed the powerful hold that the monarchy still had on ordinary people's affections.
		As left-wingers debated their ignorance of the 'masses' in the New Statesman, Charles Madge wrote a letter to the journal saying that the public reaction to the abdication needed to be studied by 'mass observations'.
		By coincidence, another intellectual, Tom Harrisson, had a poem printed for the first (and last) time in the New Statesman - on the same page as Madge's letter.
	www.channel4.com /culture/microsites/J/jennings/masses.html (678 words)

	Politics Monarch's unheard public appeal to hang on to throne
		At the height of the 1936 abdication crisis, Edward VIII was only narrowly headed off from making a radio appeal for public support and professing his intention to return.
		A week after the putative broadcast, once his abdication was formally confirmed, Edward did indeed broadcast live to the British people, in another address believed to have been at least partly drafted by Churchill.
		The text of what would have been an explosive broadcast is revealed for the first time in the papers published today, together with the government's successful attempts to prevent it being made.
	politics.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4594436-107971,00.html (601 words)

	Walter Monckton
		No one will ever really understand the story of the King's life during the crisis who does not appreciate two factors: The first, which is superficially acknowledged by many of those who were closely concerned in the events of these days, was the intensity and depth of the King's devotion to Mrs Simpson.
		Before October 1936 I had been on terms of close friendship with King Edward, and, though I had seldom met her save with the King, I had known Mrs Simpson for some considerable time and liked her well.
		After leaving the House of Commons Viscount Monckton of Brenchley was Chairman of Midland Bank (1957-64), President of the MCC (1956-57), Chairman of the Iraq Petroleum Company (1958), Chairman of the Advisory Commission on Central Africa (1960), and Chancellor of the University of Sussex (1961-65).
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /PRmonckton.htm (2196 words)

	Telegraph Arts Did the people want Wallis?
		Back in January this year the Public Record Office released hundreds of files relating to the Abdication Crisis of 1936, and the historical advisor to this important event was the University of London historian Susan Williams.
		Much of the "true story of the abdication" has already been told, principally in Michael Bloch's various works on the period, but it is good to have the newly released Cabinet minutes of the Crisis between hard covers, and much else besides.
		It is intriguing to think that, since the British state took 67 years to release the secret papers on the 1936 Abdication, some time in January 2064 journalists and historians might be crowding into the Public Record Office to read Special Branch and other reports on the events surrounding the Princess of Wales's death.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2003/08/24/boabd224.xml&sSheet=/arts/2003/08/24/bomain.html (612 words)

	Stanley Baldwin
		Praised for his handling of the abdication crisis in 1936 and resigned from office following the successful coronation celebrations of George VI in May 1937.
		In 1936 the Conservative government feared the spread of communism from the Soviet Union to the rest of Europe.
		Halifax relates that Baldwin, in the year of the Abdication, took three months' holiday (repeat three months), at the end of which he asked Eden, then Foreign Secretary, "Have you had many telegrams about the King?" Eden said no. Then Baldwin said, "I have had a great many, some from the most extraordinary people.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /PRbaldwin.htm (1811 words)

	Wallis Simpson biography .ms
		The result was the Abdication Crisis of 1936.
		It has been suggested that this may have been the real motivation for the abdication crisis, although officially released British documents do not appear to confirm this.
		The British Royal Family never accepted the duchess and would not receive her formally, although the former king sometimes met his mother and brother after his abdication.
	wallis-simpson.biography.ms (839 words)

	The Queen Mother, the Mideast and the War on Terror
		After the Abdication Crisis, it was World War II that restored the fortunes of the monarchy and Elizabeth herself was mostly responsible.
		Everybody in the Empire in 1936 would have known the name of the king-emperor and would have recognized his face, on all the coins, banknotes and stamps that one third of all the peoples of the world used.
		Soon after the death of his father, King George V, in January 1936, rumors began circulating about David's relationship with a married American divorcée, Wallis Simpson.
	www.ucg.org /wnp/wnp0205/queen.html (2351 words)

	BBC NEWS UK Profile: Walter Monckton
		But it is for his role in the abdication crisis of 1936, during which he advised King Edward VIII in his negotiations with the then Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, that most people will know him.
		Indeed, his influence was so great that he even drafted the statement of abdication, read out by the King on 11 December 1936.
		As the supreme courtier, Sir Walter successfully negotiated the financial terms of the abdication settlement.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/low/uk_news/2702371.stm (647 words)

	Guardian Car dealer was Wallis Simpson's secret lover
		Long before the abdication crisis broke in 1936, detectives were trailing Mrs Simpson through London high society in an attempt to discover more about the American woman who had captured the Prince of Wales's affections.
		The revelation is buried in 100 files about the abdication of Edward VIII and the government's subsequent relations with him.
		They do not substantiate long-held rumours that the government compiled the so-called China dossier on Mrs Simpson's sex life in the 1920s, or that she and the duke were substantial Nazi sympathisers.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4594553-103690,00.html (562 words)

	AP Worldstream: Queen Mother's letters reflect stress of 1936 abdication crisis@ HighBeam Research
		Dateline: LONDON A collection of previously unpublished letters from the late Queen Mother Elizabeth, published Sunday in a British newspaper, gave a personal insight into the turmoil surrounding the 1936 abdication crisis.
		The Queen Mother felt the abdication of her brother-in-law King Edward VIII in December 1936 as a "heavy blow to the head," and described how miserable she felt when he resigned the throne and left Britain to marry an American divorcee, Wallis Simpson, The Sunday Times said.
		The letters by the Queen Mother were addressed to her friend Cosmo...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:82926509&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (222 words)

	abdication crisis
		In British history, the constitutional upheaval of the period 16 November 1936 to 10 December 1936, brought about by the British king Edward VIII& decision to marry Wallis Simpson, a US divorcee.
		The marriage of the ‘Supreme Governor’ of the Church of England to a divorced person was considered unsuitable and the king abdicated on 10 December and left for voluntary exile in France.
		He was created Duke of Windsor and married Mrs Simpson on 3 June 1937.
	www.uk.tiscali.com /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0026983.html (141 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		Baldwin—and later Neville Chamberlain, who dominated the national government from 1931 to 1940—disliked his opposition to self-government for India and his support of Edward VIII during the abdication crisis of 1936.
		His most famous works are The World Crisis (4 vol., 1923–29), My Early Life (1930), Marlborough (4 vol., 1933–38), The Second World War (6 vol., 1948–53), and A History of the English-Speaking Peoples (4 vol., 1956–58).
		His insistence on the need for rearmament and his censure of Chamberlain’s appeasement of Hitler at Munich in 1938 also aroused suspicion.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..ch139900.a (741 words)

	Ireland's OWN: History
		De Valera shrewly used the crisis at Buckingham Palace in December 1936 to remove all reference to the British King from the Irish constitution.
		The royal abdication was to have an important impact in the Irish Free State where the Fianna Fail taoiseach, Eamon de Valera was attempting to dismantle the 1921 Treaty with its recognition of Crown and Empire.
		The crisis was caused by Edward’s wish to marry American divorcee Mrs Wallis Simpson — despite the hostility of British public opinion and most MPs.
	irelandsown.net /abdication.html (616 words)

	1937
		They came to power and used the abdication crisis of 1936 to adopt the virtually Republican Constitution of the State of Eire (1937-1949).
		His great-nephew, Emperor Charles, abdicated as Emperor of Austria in the wake of a left-wing revolution, but hoped to remain King of Hungary.
		The Emperor abdicated as Emperor and also as King of Prussia.
	home.versatel.nl /gerardvonhebel/1937.htm (1079 words)

	Stanley Baldwin
		Baldwin is credited with successfully handling the general strike of 1926, as well as the Abdication Crisis of 1936.
		With the perspective of history, he has been criticized for underestimating the looming threat of the Nazis.
		In 1923, Baldwin became the Prime Minister, serving in that role on and off until 1937.
	www.multied.com /Bio/people/baldwin.html (84 words)

	Oxford University Gazette, 9 March 2000: News Pages
		The lawyer and politician was a confidant of Edward VIII during the abdication crisis of 1936 and the years immediately following.
		The boxes contain nothing new, but are of considerable interest in the light they throw on the difficulties, both public and private, encountered by all parties caught up in the unprecedented circumstances of an abdication.
		Lord Monckton's papers, given to Balliol College in 1971 and 1977, were deposited in the Bodleian in 1974, on condition that those which related to the royal family were closed, although Frances Donaldson had access to all of them for her biography Edward VIII (1974).
	www.ox.ac.uk /gazette/1999-00/weekly/090300/news/story_5.htm (255 words)

	Who is Sir Winston Churchill?
		He supported Edward VIII in the abdication crisis of 1936 and vehemently opposed Indian independence.
		Between 1929 and 1939, Churchill was out of office but wrote much and stayed in the public eye.
		He warned many about the coming threat from Nazi Germany but no one was listening.
	ks.essortment.com /churchillwinsto_ohj.htm (826 words)

	International News, February 18, 1998
		Among the lots is the table on which the Duke, then Edward VIII, signed his abdication in 1936 so that he could marry "the woman I love" — Mrs Wallis Simpson.
		His visit, which is expected to last two days, represents the last chance for a diplomatic solution to the crisis over UN weapons inspections before the launch of air strikes by Britain and America.
		''A diplomatic solution to the present crisis is still possible, providing that Iraq respects the resolutions of the UN Security Council and accepts an arrangement for access to presidential sites on terms consistent with the requirements of the international community,'' the statement said.
	archives.tcm.ie /irishexaminer/1998/02/21/fhead.htm (2482 words)

	qm960311.html
		Lang's vision triumphed in the Abdication Crisis of 1936, when Edward VIII was driven from the throne.
		What we are seeing is a crisis of overdue change, not of dissolution.
		Lang, who had set out the agenda of the Family Monarchy in 1923, used it as a crucial weapon in his battle to keep Britain a moral majoritarian society in which divorce was rare, difficult and disapproved of.
	www.time.com /time/europe/timetrails/queenmother/qm960311.html (365 words)

	Church Times - Civil wedding for Prince of Wales
		The Church of England's official practice concerning the marriage of divorcees has undergone many changes since the Abdication crisis in 1936, which followed King Edward VIII's decision to marry the American divorcee Wallis Simpson.
		It was announced from Clarence House that after the marriage Mrs Parker Bowles will use the title HRH The Duchess of Cornwall, and that, when the Prince accedes to the throne, she will use the title HRH The Princess Consort.
	www.churchtimes.co.uk /80256fa1003e05c1/httppublicpages/14a564ad5b24264780256fa4004fa006?opendocument (797 words)

	The Scotsman - Opinion - The right Royal way to go
		It also gives expression to popular sentiment, which plays a stronger role in the life of the Royal Family than it did during the abdication crisis of 1936.
		The world - and the monarchy- has moved on apace since the traumas of the abdication nearly 70 years ago, when it would have taken a change in the law to allow a so-called morganatic marriage to take place.
		It is also evidence that this country continues to be blessed by a flexible constitution and one that is able to accommodate the highly pragmatic nature of the arrangements that have been announced.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /opinion.cfm?id=157172005 (581 words)

	Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret Rose by The Royal Windsor Web Site
		She was the younger daughter of The Duke and Duchess of York, later to become King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother following the Abdication Crisis of 1936.
	www.thamesweb.co.uk /windsor/windsorhistory/pmr/pmr1930_2002.html (1013 words)

	David Low and the 1936 Abdication Crisis by Dr Tim Benson
		‘…I ought to have been stimulated when there arose in 1936 the domestic crisis which culminated in the abdication of King Edward the Eighth.
		In his book The Abdication of King Edward VIII which was published in 1966, two years after his death, Beaverbrook claimed that cartoons such as the two Low ones just described had been highly effective in undermining Baldwin’s honest-broker image.
		Unfortunately, there were no cartoons from Low as the romance reached its crisis point, as he had gone on a trip to both North and South America and was away from the Evening Standard from 5th September till 12th November 1936.
	www.politicalcartoon.co.uk /html/history17.htm (3098 words)

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