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	ooBdoo
		Abdolkarim Soroush (Persian: عبدالكريم سروش) or Abdulkarim Soroush (1945 -) is a leading Iranian thinker, philosopher, reformer and Rumi scholar.
		Soroush is primarily interested in the philosophy of science, philosophy of religion, the philosophical system of Mowlana Jalaleddin Balkhi (Rumi) and comparative philosophy.
		Soroush's political theory is in line with the modern tradition from Hobbes to the framers of the American constitution.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/?title=Abdolkarim_Soroush (1147 words)

	Bio - Abdolkarim Soroush Wikipedia Abdolkarim Soroush (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Abdolkarim Soroush was born in Tehran in 1945.
		Soroush main contribution to Islamic philosophy is that he maintains that one should distinguish between religious as divinely revealed as the interpretation of religion or religious knowledge which is based on socio-historical factors.
		Soroush is primarily interested in the philosophy of science, philosophy of religion, the philosophical system of Moulana Rumi and comparative philosophy.
	www.blinkbits.com /bits/viewtopic/abdolkarim_soroush_wikipedia?t=322591 (1092 words)

	Iranian Personalities: Dr. Abdolkarim Soroush
		bdolkarim Soroush was born in southern Tehran in 1945.
		Soroush and his colleagues brought their case to Imam Khomeini and requested him to issue instructions for accelerating the re-opening of the universities, which he did in one of his public speeches.
		Soroush participated in no more than one of this Council's sessions; he submitted his resignation from membership to Imam Khomeini and has since held no official position within the ruling system of Iran, except occasionally as an advisor to certain government bodies.
	www.iranchamber.com /personalities/asoroush/abdolkarim_soroush.php (1568 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Ideas, Islam & Iran, Abdolkarim Soroush
		Soroush's magnum opus, is a tome entitled The Hermeneutical Expansion and Contraction of the Theory of Shari'a.
		Soroush's views, cognizant of the forces of modernization and secularization, informed by Western history and theology, and influenced by revolutionary and reform movements in the Islamic world, are not only illustrative and instructive from an academic point of view; they are also capable of revolutionizing Muslim theology and mass religiosity.
		We are indebted to Abdolkarim Soroush for his generous disposition in discussing the meaning and context of his works and the fine points of translation in the summers of 1996 and 1997 in Iran and during his visit to the United States in the winter of 1997.
	www.iranian.com /Opinion/Oct98/Soroush/index.html (4311 words)

	News update on Dr Soroush
		Soroush, who was delivering a speech on the occasion of Ghaadr night (three nights in the month of Ramadhan during which the Holy Qu'ran came down to the Holy Prophet (PBUH)) said that a meaningful reform in the country would require a new understanding and interpretation of religious values.
		Soroush who stopped teaching in the university due to an unknown group's repeated threats, was precluded to go to the class for the three consecutive years when he went to university to teach.
		Soroush elaborated further on the Muslim scholars' theory of knowledge, referring to the Aristotelian dogma that honour and superiority of a branch of science is entirely determined by the superiority of the subject it studies.
	www.seraj.org /news.htm (6358 words)

	For an Open Interpretation of the Koran
		Abdolkarim Soroush is one of the protagonists of this movement.
		Soroush argues that because human cognition is changeable, so too is humankind’s cognition of its religion because cognition in any era generally depends on the prevailing state of science in that era.
		Soroush argues that anyone who believes in the five irrefutable dogmas of Shia - the unity of God, the prophets, the twelve Imams, the resurrection and the justice of God - is a Shiite.
	www.science-islam.net /article.php3?id_article=621 (960 words)

	The democrat - The Boston Globe
		At first Soroush was enthusiastic, working with his colleagues to develop courses that would educate students about their Islamic heritage and traditions.
		Soroush's philosophical views owe much to the Mu'tazilite insights he explains to his graduate seminar, in particular the notion that reason can allow us to distinguish between good and evil, quite apart from divine revelation.
		But while Soroush makes a business of separating the rational from the divine, he is everywhere clear that his aim is not to diminish the divine but to protect it.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/ideas/articles/2004/03/14/the_democrat (2364 words)

	The 2005 TIME 100: Abdolkarim Soroush
		Abdolkarim Soroush is a dangerous man, as far as Iran's ruling mullahs are concerned.
		Soroush counters that because religion is bound to be interpreted by man, it is inevitably open to differing earthly interpretations.
		Soroush, now a visiting scholar at Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin, is disappointed in Iranian President Mohammed Khatami's failure to deliver on the tremendous mandate for change he was given in the 1997 and 2001 elections.
	www.time.com /time/subscriber/2005/time100/scientists/100soroush.html (284 words)

	White Rose • Reaffirming the Freedom to think
		Abdolkarim Soroush, a noted Iranian intellectual, can claim to be the founder of studies on the history and philosphy of science in Iran.
		Soroush was one of the moderate supporters of the 1979 revolution who attempted to find an Islamic structure that would support his religious beliefs and the values of academic research that he had learned in the West - a project similar to that professed by President Mohammed Khatami.
		Soroush was attacked because he analysed the religious knowledge of Islam with the "techniques of the natural and the social sciences", standard features of historical practice in the West.
	whiterose.samizdata.net /archives/004461.html (1298 words)

	Muslim News on Soroush
		Professor Soroush believes that religious texts should be understood in the context of the age one lives in and their interpretations are not the monopoly of any one group of people, meaning the 'ulama.
		Dr Soroush says that the concept of "religious ideology makes it totalitarian" as "ideology needs an official class of interpreters" and religion "does not need official interpreters" as "interpretation of religion has to be pluralistic".
		Dr Soroush however, is not allowed to express his opinions and this has led to clashes during his public speeches and lectures at Tehran University.
	www.seraj.org /mnews1.htm (1279 words)

	Amazon.ca: Reason, Freedom, and Democracy in Islam : The Essential Writings of Abdolkarim Soroush: Books: Abdolkarim ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		It sets forth Soroush's views on such matters as the inevitablity of change in religion, the necessity of freedom of belief, and the compatibility of Islam with democracy.
		Soroush, as a phenomenally visible public intellectual, has commanded an unrivaled status among those more conservative participants in the revolutionary cause, although the extent to which his writings can potentially incite a tangible political movement remains to be seen.
		With respect to this particular compilation, the exercise of translation is certainly exceptional and the readability with which the inherent complexity of Soroush's fusion of Islamic theology and modern philosophy is conveyed throughout the course of the book proves admirable.
	www.amazon.ca /Reason-Freedom-Democracy-Islam-Abdolkarim/dp/0195128125 (614 words)

	Debating Religion and Politics in Iran: The Political Thought of Abdolkarim Soroush (Occasional Paper) - ...
		Abdolkarim Soroush is perhaps the foremost Iranian religious intellectual engaging in these dynamic discussions.
		Soroush warns against the subservience of the clerical establishment to the government, and proposes fundamental reforms in this establishment.
		For Soroush projects an image of society in which democracy, freedom of expression, and sustained intercultural relations are the best guarantors of religion.
	cfr.org /publication/8648/debating_religion_and_politics_in_iran.html (835 words)

	Abstract: Abdolkarim Soroush - Faith, Reason and Democracy in Islam
		Professor Soroush will be speaking on themes contained within his latest book “Reason, Freedom and Democracy in Islam”, a collection of essays that deal with the linkages between freedom and religion in Islam.
		The role of philosophers, as Soroush sees it, is to reconcile religion and freedom, to give an understandable new definition of religion and to link democracy and religion.
		Soroush's work explores how it is possible to be both Muslim and enjoy liberty.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/research/rapl/events/soroush_abstract.html (157 words)

	Amazon.fr : Reason, Freedom, and Democracy in Islam: Essential Writings of Abdolkarim Soroush: Livres en anglais: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Abdolkarim Soroush has emerged as one of the leading moderate revisionist thinkers of the Muslim world.
		The essays set forth his views on such matters as the freedom of Muslims to interpret the Qur'an, the inevitability of change in religion, the necessity of freedom of belief, and the compatibility of Islam and democracy.
		Throughout, Soroush emphasizes the rights of individuals in their relationship with both government and God, explaining that the ideal Islamic state can only be defined by the beliefs and will of the majority.
	www.amazon.fr /Reason-Freedom-Democracy-Islam-Abdolkarim/dp/0195158202 (337 words)

	FrontPage magazine.com :: Iran's Choice: Hell or Purgatory? by Reza Bayegan
		Not only the ordinary masses are driven by this fear, but also the hard-nosed political activists and thinkers justify their choice of candidates and their participation in the election on the basis of their fear.
		The decision of Abdolkarim Soroush is a good example of this general consternation.
		Soroush however has come to realize that government and religious establishment should be kept apart.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=18492 (767 words)

	Iran Daily (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Abdolkarim Soroush was born in Tehran in 1945 into a lower middle class family.
		Soroush attended only one of the council's sessions; he submitted his resignation to Imam Khomeini and has ever since held no official position within the ruling system, except occasionally as advisor to certain government bodies.
		Soroush was awarded the “Muslim Democrat of the Year Award— by the Center for Islam and Democracy in May 2004, as well as the “Erasmus Prize 2004— by the Netherlands Board of the Praemium Erasmianum Foundation.
	www.iran-daily.com /1383/2102/html/panorama.htm (2097 words)

	C L O S E R » Blog Archive » ‘Religion of War, Religion of Peace’ - Arrival Lecture of Abdolkarim ...
		Abdolkarim Soroush (Tehran, 1945) is a leading philosopher of Islam, a reformer, and a public intellectual.
		Abdolkarim Soroush’s research focuses on philosophy of science, philosophy of religion, Islamic philosophy, and the philosophical system of Rumi.
		Abdolkarim Soroush maintains that one should distinguish between religious and divinely revealed as the interpretation of religion or religious knowledge is based on socio-historical factors.
	martijn.religionresearch.org /?p=1776 (1332 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Book Review - Reason, Freedom, and Democracy in Islam - Abdolkarim Soroush, translated and edited by ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		In 1979, Soroush became the youngest member appointed to Iran's post-revolution committee to purge and "Islamicize" Iran's universities.
		By the late 1980s, however, he was challenging the hard-line clerical rule in his writings and lectures, championing democracy, and calling for a synthesis of reason (or science) and Islam.
		Soroush, who has gained a following among Iranian students and even a few of the mullahs, cites the likes of Jalal al-Din Rumi, Muhammad Iqbal, Jörgen Habermas, and Alexis de Tocqueville as often as the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad.
	www.foreignaffairs.org /20000901fabook902/abdolkarim-soroush-translated-mahmoud-aadri-ahmad-sadri/reason-freedom-and-democracy-in-islam.html (318 words)

	Essays and Articles
		Professor Abdolkarim Soroush is an Iranian philosopher and social scientist who is currently based at the Institute for Epistemological Research in Tehran, Iran.
		Abdolkarim: What you are talking about is the phenomenon of political Islam as seen in various parts of the world.
		Abdolkarim: Here is where the modern Muslim intellectual has a role to play for the world community as a whole.
	www.law.emory.edu /ihr/drnoor1.html (3312 words)

	AbdolKarim Soroush :: عبدالکريم سروش
		Interview with Dr. Soroush -- Broadcast on Homa TV “Islam versus the West” and the Political Thought of AbdolKarim Soroush
		Soroush Letter to Abbass Amir Entezam and Dr. Hashem Aghajari Due to Receiving the Moral Courage Award
		Sacral Defense of Secularism: The Political Theologies of Soroush, Shabestari, and Kadivar
	www.drsoroush.com /English.htm (345 words)

	The College of New Jersey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Ewing, NJAbdolkarim Soroush, PhD, a prominent Iranian philosopher and Islamic reformist intellectual, will speak on "Islam and Democracy in Iran" on Thursday, April 3 at 4 p.m.
		Soroush, from Teheran University, is currently a visiting professor at Princeton University.
		Soroush is the author of several works, including Reason, Freedom, and Democracy in Islam: Essential Writings of Abdolkarim Soroush.
	pio.intrasun.tcnj.edu /2003/islamdemocracy.html (124 words)

	Abdolkarim Soroush
		One of the valuable things about Hans Küng's Der Islam (2004) is that he mentions a number of contemporary Muslim thinkers who are trying to define new Islamic approaches to contemporary challenges.
		One of those he mention in this regard is the Iranian expatriate Adkolkarim Soroush, who was profiled in this article: Iran's leading reformist intellectual tries to reconcile religious duties and human rights by Laura Secor Boston Globe 03/14/04.
		Indeed, Soroush sees Shari'ah as a form of religious knowledge rather than an articleof religious faith.
	journals.aol.com /bmiller224/OldHickorysWeblog/entries/2005/01/05/abdolkarim-soroush/2391 (981 words)

	Pejmanesque: INTELLECTUAL SUPPORT BEHIND A NEW IRANIAN REVOLUTION
		This profile of democracy advocate Abdolkarim Soroush is most interesting, and helps signify what the pro-democracy movement in Iran is all about:
		It is heartening that the pro-democracy movement has supporters like Soroush to give it vibrancy and vigor.
		If Soroush is interested in reconciling reason and revelation (a task Christian and Jewish thinkers were working on in the 13th century; it's about time the Muslims got around to it) I wonder if he has consulted Maimonides?
	www.pejmanesque.com /archives/006242.html (629 words)

	Amazon.com: "Abdolkarim Soroush": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Similar arguments have been advanced in relation to the Iranian pharmacologist-intellectual Abdolkarim Soroush, also dubbed the `Luther of Islam'.
		Abdolkarim Soroush, Reason, Freedom, and Democracy in Islam1...
		Whether with Abdolkarim Soroush and the reformists in postrevolutionary Iran (Soroush 2000), Nurcholish Madjid and the "renewal" (pembaruan) movement in Indonesia (Hefner 2000), or...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Abdolkarim-Soroush (564 words)

	Come the revolution - 16 August 2003 - New Scientist
		His greatest "crime" is to suggest that this is a legitimate Islamic view.
		After six years in exile, Soroush bravely returned to Iran last week.
		After the 1979 revolution he was hand-picked by Ayatollah Khomeini to lead the reform of Iran's universities.
	www.newscientist.com /article/mg17924084.900.html (324 words)

	Abdolkarim Soroush - Wikipedia
		Soroush verbrachte seine Schulzeit in der bekannten Teheraner Privatschule Alawi, welche durch religiöse Geschäftsmänner ins Leben gerufen wurde.
		Während seines Aufenthaltes in London beteiligte sich Soroush aktiv in den politischen Kreisen von iranischen Studenten.
		Soroush ist vordergründig in der Philosophie der Wissenschaften, in Philosophie der Religion, im philosophischen System von Rumi und vergleichender Philosophie interessiert.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abdolkarim_Soroush (731 words)

	CSD Encounter 2006 - Abdolkarim Soroush
		Immediately after the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Dr Soroush returned to Iran, where he was to become the country’s most prominent and controversial philosopher and public intellectual.
		Dr Soroush has lectured and taught at many of the world’s best universities, and most recently he has held posts at Berlin’s Wissenschaftskolleg and at the universities of Harvard, Yale and Princeton.
		He is the author, in Persian, of more than 25 books, principally on the comparative philosophy of science and religion, as well as of influential commentaries on Rumi and Persian Sufi poetry.
	www.wmin.ac.uk /sshl/page-2249 (347 words)

	Iran Daily
		QOM, Sept. 24--Muslim philosopher and university professor, Abdolkarim Soroush, was attacked by unknown assailants late Thursday while he was leaving the house of a well-known cleric in the city of Qom.
		The protestors chanted slogans against Qom's governor, governor general and Soroush, demanding he leave the city.
		Soroush was originally scheduled to give a speech at the Qom-based office of Islamic Iran Participation Front after evening prayers, but was forced to cancel his plan due to protests by groups opposed to him.
	www.iran-daily.com /1383/2096/html/national.htm (1635 words)

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