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Topic: Abenaki language

	Western Abenaki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are two primary dialects of Abenaki: Western Abenaki, the language of the Abenaki community at Odanak, and Eastern Abenaki, which is represented by the modern language of the Penobscot tribe, as well as in the Abenaki linguistic materials of the colonial French missionaries.
		Abenakis are not a federally recognized tribe in the United States, unlike almost all of the other eastern tribes (this may change: Vermont officially recognized the Abenaki in 2006).
		This is due to the decimation or assimilation of the Abenaki and subsequent isolation of each small remnant of the greater whole onto reservations during and after the French and Indian War, well before the US government began acknowledging the sovereignty of native tribes in the late twentieth century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abenaki (744 words)

	GeoNative - Delaware - Abenaki - Maliseet-Passamaquoddy
		Orri honetan, honako hizkuntza algonkinoak ditugu zerrendatuak: Delaware, eta New England eskualdekoak: Maliseet-Passamaquoddy eta Abenaki.
		New England eskualdean hitz egiten ziren jatorrizko hizkuntzetatik, denak daude hilak, salbu Maliset-Passamaquoddy eta Abenaki mintzairak (azken hau hiltzekotan).
		Of the different aboriginal languages of New England, all are extinct except Maliset-Passamaquoddy and Abenaki (this one virtually extinct also).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/abenaki.html (785 words)

	Language demographics of Quebec - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are two sets of language laws in Quebec, which overlap and in various areas conflict or compete with each other: the laws passed by the Parliament of Canada and the laws passed by the National Assembly of Quebec.
		The federal language law and regulations seek to make it possible for all Canadian anglophone and francophone citizens to obtain services in the language of their choice from the federal government.
		Quebec's language legislation has tried to address this since the 1970s when, as part of the Quiet Revolution, the francophone majority of French-Canadian origin chose to move away from Church domination and towards a stronger identification with state institutions as development instruments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Demolinguistics_of_Quebec (1890 words)

	Abenaki
		The Abenakis lived the area that includes parts of the province of Quebec in Canada, and in the United States portions of the states of Vermont, New Hampshire, and possibly Maine.
		The language of the Abenakis shared common roots with neighboring tribes such as the Micmac[?], Maliseet[?], Pasmaquoddy[?], and other New England tribes.
		Abenakis are not a federally recognized tribe in the United States.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ab/Abenaki.html (251 words)

	Abenaki
		The Abenaki first applied for federal recognition in 1980 but pulled their application in 1985 after learning the state had obtained the application from the BIA and was using it in court cases.
		The southern boundaries of the Abenaki homeland were near the present northern border of Massachusetts excluding the Pennacook country along the Merrimack River of southern New Hampshire.
		Abenaki and Sokoki warriors also participated in Montcalm's campaign in northern New York, where it is rumored that the Penobscot initiated the massacre that followed the capture of Fort William Henry in 1757.
	www.tolatsga.org /aben.html (9500 words)

	Native Americans: Abenaki Indian Tribe (Abanaki, Abenakis, Alnobak, Abinaki)
		Language: Abnaki-Penobscot is an Algonquian language still spoken in Canada by a few Western Abenaki elders.
		Eastern Abenaki or Penobscot was another dialect of the same language once spoken in Maine, where the Penobscot people today are working to revive its use.
		Abenaki history is interesting and important, but the Abenakis are still here today, too, and we try to feature current writers as well as traditional folklore, contemporary artwork as well as archaeology exhibits, and issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday.
	www.native-languages.org /abenaki.htm (751 words)

	Penobscot-Abenaki Language (Abenaqui, Abenaquis, Abnaki, Aln8bak, Alnobak, Abnakis)
		Language: Abenaki-Penobscot is an Algonkian language once spoken by two related tribes, the Abenaki and the Penobscot.
		Today only a handful of Canadian Abenakis still speak the Western Abenaki language, which they call Alnobak, Alnombak, or Aln8bak (the 8 was used by Jesuit linguists to represent a nasalized, unrounded 'o').
		These allies from the eastern seaboard spoke related languages, and "Abnaki" and "Wabanaki" have the same Algonquian root, meaning "people from the east." Today there are about 12,000 Abnakis living in New England and Quebec (where they fled British aggression in the 1600's), and 3000 Penobscots living primarily in Maine.
	www.native-languages.org /abna.htm (369 words)

	Cowasuck Band of the Pennacook-Abenaki People - The Abenaki Language
		The Abenaki language is classified by linguists as belonging to the Algonquin family of Native American Languages.
		The main difficulty in understanding the Abenaki language from many published sources is that, unlike the English language, there is not always a literal translation for a word.
		However, in Abenaki translation this word loses some of its meaning and becomes "that thing that ticks." The concept of a clock and other terms is further complicated because Native Americans do not think along Western European lines, and have an altogether different concept of what time is and how it is measured.
	www.cowasuck.org /language.cfm (266 words)

	!vickicritical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		When one foreign language was given to a student for an entire school year, there was a better chance for the student to learn and retain new language sounds.
		These children are often at an intermediate level of speaking and are able to produce the sounds of the second language because of their exposure to native language discourse since birth.
		Language software can be implemented into a language class allowing students privacy to work at their own pace.
	www.usm.maine.edu /~dlarson/!vickicritical.htm (3154 words)

	Wolfs Retreat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Francis Band of the Abenaki Nation, a tribal council was established in 1976 at Swanton, Vermont.
		The English generally distrusted the Abenaki because of their past association with the French, not realizing the French were not really interested in the Abenaki because they were getting all the fur they needed from the Great Lakes through the Huron.
		John's tribes and their eastern Abenaki allies did not really happen until after treaties were signed in 1770 and 1776, and peace with the Micmac took another three years.
	www.realduesouth.net /WolfsRetreat/Abenaki-Info.htm (9626 words)

	The Ultimate Abenaki Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The Abenakis inhabited the area that includes parts of Quebec and the Maritime Provinces in Canada, and portions of the states of Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine in the United States.
		The language of the Abenakis shared common roots with neighboring tribes such as the Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, Norridgewock, Passamaquoddy, Penawapskewi, (otherwise known asPenobscot), and other New England tribes.
		Abenakis are not a federally recognized tribe in the United States, unlike almost all of the other eastern tribes.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Abenaki (341 words)

	- Abenaki (Abanaki, Abenakis, Alnombak) Indians of Canada -Native American Indian Tribes - Over 2,000 articles on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The original Abenaki name for their specific tribe is Alnombak, "the people." Today there are 2000 Abenaki Indians living on two reserves in Quebec, where they fled from British aggression in the 1600's, and another 10,000 descendants scattered throughout New England.
		The Abenaki bands' strategy of merging after heavy losses and keeping more powerful neighbors in the dark about their existence may have caused them headaches in getting federal recognition, but it has also ensured their survival, whether their neighbors are aware they are still there or not.
		Native speakers call their language Alnombak, Alnôbak, or Aln8bak (the 8 was a Jesuit symbol for a nasalized, unrounded 'o'.) Penobscot or Eastern Abenaki, a dialect mutually comprehensible with Western Abenaki, was once spoken in Maine.
	www.aaanativearts.com /article899.html (604 words)

	Odanak, Québec
		Abenaki take their name from a word in their language meaning "dawn land people" or "easterners." As Europeans arrived on this continent, the Eastern Abenaki occupied what is now the state of Maine, except for its northern and easternmost portions.
		Abenakis were not entirely safe even here; Odanak was destroyed by the British in 1759, apparently in retaliation for the Abenaki long alliance with the French.
		Abenaki Wampum Necklace or Stole was given by the Abenaki to Notre-Dame Catheral in Chartres, France.
	www.normlev.net /kateri/odanak1.htm (486 words)

	American Indian Language Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Alaska Native Language Center Established in 1972 by state legislation as a center for documentation and cultivation of the state's 20 Native languages.
		Learning an Endangered Language A partial list of endangered languages and information on how and where they may be studied, where recordings may be obtained, etc. (more information on some of these and other languages can be found at the University of Minnesota Less Commonly Taught Languages page).
		Institute for the Preservation of the Original Languages of the Americas The Institute for the Preservation of the Original Languages of the Americas collaborates with indigenous communities to revitalize and perpetuate the languages and culture of the original inhabitants of the Americas.
	www2005.lang.osaka-u.ac.jp /~krkvls/lang.html (1693 words)

	Abenaki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Abenakis inhabited the area that includes of the province of Quebec in Canada and portions of the states of Vermont New Hampshire and possibly Maine in the United States.
		The language of the Abenakis shared roots with neighboring tribes such as the Mi'kmaq Maliseet Pasmaquoddy and other New England tribes.
		The Abenaki were ruled by elected chiefs Sagamores who usually served for life but be impeached.
	www.freeglossary.com /Wabanahki (546 words)

	Online Dictionaries - Native American Dictionaries Online
		The Abenaki Language - Vocabulary and grammar for the Abenaki language.
		Dictionary Of The Northern Arapaho Language - HTML English-Arapaho dictionary is a revised version of the original produced in 1983 by Zdenek Salzmann and the Arapaho Language and Culture Commission (ALCC) for the Northern Arapaho tribe on the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming.
		It is a seriously endangered language, with very few native speakers remaining; however, in recent years, there has been increasing interest in the language among Mingo descendants, both in the traditional homeland areas, as well as across the country.
	www.multilingualbooks.com /onlinedicts-nativeamerican.html (1609 words)

	Dartmouth Life - Keeping a Language Alive
		Beach became interested in Abenaki after running across a book of scripture written in the language during the course of his job at Rauner Library.
		Last spring and summer, he traveled to Abenaki communities in Vermont and Quebec, hoping to meet proficient speakers of the language who would work with him on his thesis project.
		He learned that many Abenaki went "underground" with their culture and language during the 1930s and 1940s because of eugenics programs at the University of Vermont and elsewhere that targeted Native Americans.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~dartlife/archives/14-2/language.html (549 words)

	SIT Symposium to Explore Language Issues
		The School for International Training (SIT) invites the public to presentations and discussions on the theme, "Why Language?", to be held on the Brattleboro campus Friday March 22 and Saturday March 23.
		Alvino Fantini, an SIT professor of language teacher education, will synthesize the Friday night presentations in a 9:00-9:30 talk Saturday morning, also to be held in the campus Rotch Center.
		Abenakis have old roots in Vermont, and Bruchac will reflect on her family's struggle to keep Abenaki language and culture alive.
	www.sit.edu /news/2002/why_language.html (286 words)

	Western Abenaki Grammar
		Western Abenaki (WA) belongs to the Eastern branch of the Algonquian languages.
		Algonquian is one of the largest families of North American languages, both in the number of languages and in its geographical spread.
		Western Abenaki words are generally made up of a central core, with the main meaning of the word, and a number of smaller pieces attached to the main word.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~ebach/papers/alnoprdm.htm (6288 words)

	Menu - Common Abenaki Words
		We are not among those few and it is not our place to teach you the Abenaki language.
		On the bright side, Abenaki language teachers, dictionaries, and grammars do exist for those who want to search them out.
		These web pages will only provide you with scattered bits and pieces of the language as it was spoken by our Abenaki Ancestors and carried on the winds throughout Western Maine.
	www.avcnet.org /ne-do-ba/menu_lag.html (276 words)

	Abenaki Indian chief Grey Lock by James P. Millard
		t is a rare discussion of the Abenaki People that does not mention their greatest leader.
		A war chief, Grey Lock conducted his raids against Colonial settlers in New England from his base in Missisquoi, or as the Abenaki themselves called the place, Mazipskoik.
		Grey Lock's period of greatest activity was between 1723 and 1726 when he fought the war that would come to be known by his name.
	www.historiclakes.org /people/Greylock.html (680 words)

	Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections
		The Passamaquoddy Papers, the Joseph Laurent Abenaki Language Collection, and the Micmac Manuscript comprise the Library's Wabanaki Collection.
		The Abenaki Language Collection consists of bound manuscripts (and one unbound document) in the Abenaki language which largely pertain to Roman Catholic religious services.
		They were obtained from the Laurent family, prominent in Abenaki affairs in Odanak, Quebec, after they had sustained a fire.
	rmc.library.cornell.edu /collections/HFLguides/page9.htm (2721 words)

	Aboriginal Language Resources-James A. Gibson Library
		A database of languages in Canada, providing general demographic information (population, region), alternate names, as well as brief comments and a linguistic classification of the language.
		Brief description of the various dialects within and related to this language group.
		A brief description of this language group is provided, with an accompanying graphic of the alphabet used.
	www.brocku.ca /library/research/abor/lang.htm (402 words)

	Amazon.com: A Western Abenaki Dictionary (Mercury Series): Books: Gordon M. Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The Voice of the Dawn: An Autohistory of the Abenaki Nation by Frederick Matthew Wiseman
		The Western Abenakis of Vermont, 1600-1800: War, Migration, and the Survival of an Indian People (Civilization of the American Indian Series) by Colin G. Calloway
		Although it's a bit awkward to look up specific terms because the Abenaki terms are listed first, not the English ones, this is a valuable treasure to writers, scholars and anyone seeking to gain greater knowledge of the Abenaki people.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0660140241?v=glance (708 words)

	FDI - Abenaki
		The Abenaki were a woodland hunter/ farmer confederacy who's tradition states that they migrated from the southwest of their arrival location.
		A large Abenaki Confedereation was formed as early as 1679 as a military organization resulting in the tribe participating in numerous conflicts on both the side of the French and British and suffering great losses over the years.
		The only recognized Abenaki reside in Quebec though most of the tribe live in Vermont.
	www.fourdir.com /abenaki.htm (474 words)

	goZone : Search for abenaki
		News, history, language, culture, and links about the Abenaki and Pennacook of Massachusetts.
		Official homepage of the Grand Conseil representing the two Abenaki First Nations of Quebec, Odanak and Wolinak.
		Language, culture, history and genealogy of the Abenaki Indians.
	www.gozone.com /search.htm?f_q=abenaki&f_zone=life (105 words)

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