| | languagehat.com: April 2004 Archives |
 | | In 1817 he became wali of Baghdad, but was defeated by the forces of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmoud II in 1831 and subsequently expelled from the city. |
| | According to Wang, from the late Han to the Ming periods, the concept of the Qiang was something close to "those people in the west who are not one of us" and included a huge range of people along [the] eastern edges of [the] Tibetan Plateau. |
| | Over time, the Chinese empires would come to classify these peoples into smaller and smaller distinct groups and those who were called the Qiang by the Han shifted (linguistically, not physically) further and further to the West until this bumped into Tibetan cultural communities that the Chinese categorized as the Fan 番. |
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