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Topic: Abhidharma

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	Abhidhamma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Abhidharma represents a generalization and reorganization of the doctrines presented piecemeal in the narrative sūtra tradition.
		The literal translation of the term Abhidharma is unclear.
		Numerous apparently independent Abhidharma traditions arose in India, roughly during the period from the 2nd or 3rd Century BCE to the 5th Century CE.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abhidharma (1096 words)

	ABHIDHARMA. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Later schools developed the process of analysis and classification that was called Abhidharma; their treatises were collected in the Abhidharmapitaka, one of the three main divisions of the Pali Buddhist canon (see Buddhist literature, Pali canon).
		The five skandhas analyzed experience to demonstrate the absence of an abiding “self.” The categories of analysis were dharmas, or natures, ultimate qualities or principles that arise and pass away in irreducible moments of time.
		The greatest systematizer of Abhidharma thought was Vasubandhu (5th cent.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/ab/Abhidhar.html (166 words)

	Shambhala - Glimpses of Abhidharma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		One might say that the study of the abhidharma is a theoretical one in some sense; but it also has the quality of personality, individuality, because the abhidharma is a survey of the psychology of the human mind.
		Many modern psychologists have found that the discoveries and explanations of the abhidharma coincide with their own recent discoveries and new ideas; as though the abhidharma, which was taught 2,500 years ago, had been redeveloped in the modern idiom.
		The Tibetan for abhidharma is cho ngonpa [chos mngon.pa].
	www.shambhala.com /html/catalog/items/isbn/1-57062-764-9.cfm?selectedText=EXCERPT_CHAPTER (2036 words)

	[No title]
		There the Abhidharma is the special domain of the elder monks; novices are even asked not to interrupt the Elders when they are engaged in a discussion of the Abhidharma.
		The Theravada school holds that the Buddha is the source of the Abhidharma philosophy and was himself the first master of the Abhidharma because, on the night of his enlightenment, he penetrated the essence of the Abhidharma.
		The analysis of conditionality in the Abhidharma tradition is treated under two headings: (1) the analysis of interdependent origination, and (2) the analysis of the twenty-four conditions.
	www.ecst.csuchico.edu /~dsantina/tree/part4.txt (21628 words)

	The Abhidharma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		By 'abhidharma' is meant the 'dharma' as expounded by the sutras, but 'nude' as it were, without literary embellishments and without putting it into scene.
		The development of the Abhidharma must have taken place - roughly speaking - between the beginning of the third century B.C. and the end of the first century A.D. The catechism, that later in the chronicles and commentaries was called 'abhidharma' is said to have been started by the direct pupils of the Buddha.
		In the context of the Abhidharma the root-causes, beginning with greed, present the systematized form of 'thirst.' They, in the end, cause the blocking of the continuum by their gradually starting to display their intrinsic contradiction.
	home.uni-one.nl /olive.press/abhi.htm (4649 words)

	Vijnaptimatrata and the Abhidharma context of early Yogacara
		It is clear that the portrayal of Mahayana Buddhists as generally antithetical to the Abhidharma of non-Mahayana schools such as the Theravada and the Sarvastivada remains something of an overstatement in an Indian context.
		From a Mahayana perspective this eventually came to mean that the Abhidharma analysis of the Hmayana schools remains appropriate for as long as one is proceeding along the mundane path (laukika) but that it should be relinquished once one enters the supramundane (lokottara) stages of the path.
		The alayavijnana in the context of canonical and Abhidharma vijnana theory, journal of Indian Philosophy, 22, pp.
	www.acmuller.net /yogacara/articles/king-vijnaptimatra.html (6164 words)

	The philosophy of Emptiness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It was Abhidharma Buddhism which awakened to a kind of philosophy of emptiness and set it up in the heart of Buddhism.
		Accordingly, Abhidharma Buddhism's philosophy of emptiness was based solely on analytic observation - hence it was later called the 'analytic view of emptiness'.
		Abhidharma fails to overcome the substantiality of the analysed elements.
	www.purifymind.com /PhiEmptiness.htm (422 words)

	Fourth Biannual International Conference On Dharma and Abhidharma
		We have chosen the proposed theme for this conference to discuss the term 'Dharma' in general and 'Abhidharma' in particular as understood in Buddhism.
		The traditional understanding of Buddhism regarding the Buddhist doctrine and methodology is still in practice and it is definitely relevant while addressing some of the contemporary religious and cultural problems that have emerged in the modern e society.
		When Buddhism is taught in terms of philosophy, Abhidharma means investigation of the nature of the laws and cause of sufferings of all being.
	www.somaiya.edu /budsem/semovr.htm (1969 words)

	The Abhidharma
		The Abhidharma does not focus on the mode of existence of phenomena, but rather on the cause of this appearance of phenomena and the manner of manifestation.
		When the Abhidharma is referred to in Tibet, the text is generally understood to be the Abhidharmakosha.
		The abhidharma is based on the four noble truths taught by the Buddha Shakyamuni: suffering, the cause of suffering, the cessation of suffering and the path that leads to cessation.
	www.bibliotheque-dhagpo-kagyu.org /en/doss/abhi2.php (1008 words)

	3 The Abhidharma Schools
		The earliest theories of dharmas were phenomenological, and were an attempt to explain the structures of consciousness (in terms of dharmas) and their relationships (in terms of conditions, pratyaya), whilst 'bracketing' off questions about the ultimate or external causes of these dharmas.
		The Sarvaastivaadin Abhidharma was a dominant influence on the Mahaayaana schools.
		What is known for certain (the name of the school gives it away) is that the Sautraantikas rejected the authority of the various Abhidharmas of other schools, and in particular that of the Sarvaastivaada, and advocated a return to the views of the suttas.
	www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk /LNJ/phil3860/bp23.html (2834 words)

	research
		"Historically, the Abhidharma texts are of critical importance to the Theravada tradition and are foundational to the development of later Mahayana schools.
		Thus, the Abhidharma, rather than positing real and lasting things, seeks to outline those things which must be made extinct.
		The Abhidharma is not a cosmology in the classical sense; rather, it is a psychological and religious construct which delineates the attitudes and conditions that bind a person to ignorance." (90)
	hudsoncress.org /html/research/chapple/paradigm.html (1041 words)

	Abhidharma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The term abhidharma is most often rendered as "scholasticism" of account of the formalistic, dogmatic and secondary character of the texts; the translation of the term abhidharma as "metaphysics" or "transcendental doctrine" is inadequate.
		The tradition of scholastic literature was continued in various works, including the Abhidharmakosha (Dictionary of Abhidharma), a Sanscrit treatise of 600 verses whose authorship is ascribed to Vasubandhu (4th-5th century).
		The dictionary is written from a hinayana point of view and is a lecture on the Buddhist theory of being, elements of cosmology, theory of psychology and ethics, as well as the principles of soteriological doctrine.
	republika.pl /peenef2/angielski/hasla/a/abhidharma.html (341 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Abhidharma
		Abhidharma [Skthigher dharma, or doctrine], schools of Buddhist philosophy.
		Later schools developed the process of analysis and classification that was called Abhidharma ; their treatises were
		Yogacara [Sktyoga practice], philosophical school of Mahayana Buddhism, also known as the Vijnanavada or Consciousness School.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Abhidharma (405 words)

	Naropa Online - Buddhist Teachings on Mind and Emotions: The Abhidharma Tradition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The syllabus follows the classic curriculum of what is called the "abhidharma," the school of refined investigation, which has preserved these earliest methods of the Buddha.
		The classes follow the abhidharma sources of several Buddhist traditions, especially those foundational to Vipassana meditation of the Theravada school and Shamatha-vipashyana meditation of Tibetan Buddhism.
		Her abhidharma studies began with Tarthang Tulku Rinpoche in 1975, and she has endeavored since then to restore a meditative interpretation to literature which is often interpreted only philosophically.
	www.naropa.edu /distance/courses/REL536e.htm (541 words)

	Abhidharma - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Later schools developed the process of analysis and classification that was called Abhidharma ; their treatises were collected in the Abhidharmapitaka, one of the three main divisions of the Pali Buddhist canon (see Buddhist literature, Pali canon).
		Bibliography: See H. Guenther, Philosophy and Psychology in the Abhidharma (1957); T. Stcherbatsky, The Central Conception of Buddhism (4th ed.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Abhidharma" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-abhidhar.html (325 words)

	The Tree of Enlightenment By Peter Della Santina (Part 2b) - Dharmaweb
		In the Anupada Sutta it is mentioned that, after achieving the various states of meditation, Shariputra applied an Abhidharmic type of analysis by enumerating, classifying, and identifying the types of consciousness he had experienced.
		In the Abhidharma, mental states are defined as 'those factors which are associated with consciousness, which arise and perish with consciousness, and which have the same object and bases as consciousness.' This immediately indicates the very close relationship between consciousness (chitta) and mental states (chetasika).
		The Abhidharma is supposed to deal with four ultimate realities--consciousness (chitta), mental states (chetasika), matter (rupa), and nirvana.
	www.dharmaweb.org /index.php/The_Tree_of_Enlightenment_By_Peter_Della_Santina_(Part_2b) (20538 words)

	Glimpses Of Abhidharma by Chogyam Trungpa
		The Abhidharma is a collection of Buddhist sciptures that investigate the workings of the mind and the states of human consciousness.
		An understanding of the five skandhas shows that once we are tuned into the basic core of egohood, then anything - any experience, any inspiration - can be made into a further blockage or can become a way of freeing ourselves.
		Abhidharma is a very precise way of looking at mind." Chogyam Trungpa.
	www.wisdom-books.com /ProductDetail.asp?PID=10773 (232 words)

	Vedamu.org - About Us
		In this context, Abhidharma claims to supersede the sutras by deriving its authority from its own adherence to the overriding standard of the law, thereby establishing itself as superior to the sutras.
		A novel explanation for the transmission of the Abhidharma is given in the Atthasaalini.
		Despite this vital role played by Saariputta in the compilation of the Abhidharma, the Theravaadins continued to claim that it was the Buddha himself who had actually first understood the Abhidharma, at the time of his final enlightenment.
	vedamu.org /VedicLiterature/English/Buddhism/DistinctionbetweenSutraandAbhidharma.asp (3278 words)

	Abhidharmic Analyses Associated with the Killing Precept
		Response: According to the abhidharma of Kaatyaayaniiputra they are all categorized as "good." According to the statements contained in the other abhidharmas, the precept of not killing may be good or it may be neutral.
		Response: According to the statements in the abhidharma of Kaatyaayaniiputra all moral regulations associated with received precepts are connected to the desire realm.
		According to statements in the other abhidharmas it may be connected to the desire realm or may not be connected [to any realm] at all.
	www.kalavinka.org /jewels/nagajuna/mppu/websila/abhikill.htm (927 words)

	Online edition of Daily News - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is written by Bhikkhu, Kuala Lumpur Dhammajoti, one of the Editors of the Journal of Buddhist Studies of the Centre for Buddhist Studies.
		He specialises in the field of comparative study of the Pali, Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan sources pertaining to the Nikaya/Agama texts and the Abhidharma literature of the Northern tradition.
		He is also the author of the Chinese version of the Dhammapada published in 1995 and the Abhidharma controversy on visual perception.
	www.dailynews.lk /2003/06/06/new27.html (225 words)

	Thinking in Buddhism: Nagarjuna's Mulamadhyamikakarikas (part 4)
		The purpose for compiling the Abhidharma was to distill the essentials of the Buddha's teachings on philosophy and psychology from the discourses and attempt to avoid the inexactitudes and ambiguities occasionally found in these scriptures.
		There are, however, two reasons why the Abhidharma directly relate to the study of later Buddhist philosophy: the Abhidharma provided an exhaustive analysis of the base constituents of reality, and it uncovered much of the implications of dependent arising, the process by which these elements come into being and are perceived.
		The writers of the Prajnaparamitas regarded the Abhidharma of the Older School of Buddhism, with its dry emphasis on the proper path towards and means of achieving enlightenment, the rules of the Order, and the niggling debates over fine points of ethics, as being on the wrong track.
	bahai-library.org /personal/jw/other.pubs/nagarjuna/nag04.html (5335 words)

	bell - a verbalization of consciousness: June 2006 Archives
		Despite this philosophical lacuna, the Abhidharma Buddhists believed so deeply in the regimented processes of meditation offered by their tradition, that suddenly Nikāya Buddhism looked more like an ortho-praxis methodology, which was precisely the kind of praxis the Buddha wanted to prevent.
		Admittedly, the Abhidharma philosophers were at an impasse, where they struggled to articulate what actually happens at higher forms of meditation.
		The Abhidharma Literature from the monastic monks of yesteryore would insist that there are certain systematic ways of practicing transcendental meditation.
	anize.org /bell/2006_06.html (3436 words)

	THDL Essays: Tibetan Monastic Education
		However, the use of this method exclusively for Vinaya and Abhidharma (considered less important than the first three texts) illustrates the difference between Tibetan monastic education, which generally has a philosophical orientation, and that of the yeshiva, which stresses the exegetical and legal.
		Monks nowadays have neither the leisure nor the scholarly gusto for exploring the details of the Vinaya and Abhidharma, as they did in Tibet, where scholars ferociously debated the intricacies of these texts and where knowledge of the Vinaya and the Abhidharma was considered a scholar’s crowning achievement.
		Another indication of the role played in the curriculum by the Vinaya and the Abhidharma is that the Tibetan commentaries used in studying them, unlike those for the first three texts, are not tradition-specific.
	www.thdl.org /essays/dreyfus/central.html (2218 words)

	Dharma Realm Buddhist Association - Dharma
		The Abhidharma is the third of the three divisions or "baskets" of the Tripitaka or Buddhist Canon.
		The most well-known of the Hinayana Abhidharma treatises is the Abhidharma-kosa by the Venerable Vasubandhu (see entry).
		According to the Abhidharmakosa "Abhidharma is the immaculate prajna [i.e., wisdom] with its retinue." (Jha, p.
	www.drba.org /dharma/btts/9xxentrydetail.asp?wid=2 (217 words)

	Zen Practice - Crestone Mountain Zen Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Abhidharma literature is the attempt to systematize the Buddha’s teaching and give it a philosophical basis.
		We will work towards understanding the historical and philosophical context of the Abhidharma and explore how it is relevant to our individual Zen practice.
		The Study Seminar Weekend “Daily Abhidharma Practice” (November 16-19) is available to experienced practitioners who have a developed relationship with the Center and who cannot participate in the whole Practice Study Month.
	dharmasangha.com /zenpractice.html (864 words)

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