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Topic: Abiogenic petroleum origin

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	Petroleum - Wikipedia Mirror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and elaion – oil or Latin oleum – oil) or crude oil, sometimes colloquially called fl gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid.
		The idea of abiogenic petroleum origin was championed in the Western world by astronomer Thomas Gold based on thoughts from Russia, mainly on studies of Nikolai Kudryavtsev.
		Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source powering the vast majority of vehicles and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important commodities.
	www.wiki-mirror.be /index.php/Petroleum (4585 words)

	Abiogenic Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The phenomenon of petroleum reservoirs that seem to refill themselves is widely reported, notably in the Middle East and along the U.S. Gulf Coast.
		Petroleum generated by abiogenic processes could occur anywhere, so exploration need not be limited to sedimentary basins, or to depths of only a few miles.
		The modern, organic theory of the origin of petroleum states that a portion of the lipid fraction of microorganisms deposited in anaerobic sediments is the original source of petroleum.
	www.tcnj.edu /~krause2/tsng201/abiogenic.html (551 words)

	Thomas Gold Summary
		After his initial theory on the origins of hydrocarbons, he plunged into speculation on the concentration of minerals by the movements of hydrocarbons through the earth's mantle and crust, the prediction of earthquakes, and the origins of life.
		The theory suggests coal and crude oil deposits have their origins in natural gas flows which feed bacteria living at extreme depths under the surface of the Earth; in other words, oil and coal are produced through tectonic forces, rather than from the decomposition of fossils.
		According to Gold and the Soviet geologists who originated the abiogenic theory, bacteria feeding on the oil accounts for the presence of biological debris in hydrocarbon fuels, obviating the need to resort to a biogenic theory for the origin of the latter.
	www.bookrags.com /Thomas_Gold (2937 words)

	Geotimes — October 2005 — Feuding Over the Origins of Fossil Fuels
		A petroleum geochemist at the U.S. Geological Survey, Lewan is an expert on the origins of oil, and quite familiar with an idea that has been lingering within some scientific circles for many years now: that petroleum — oil and natural gas — comes from processes deep in Earth that do not involve organic material.
		For the first time ever in North America, proponents of the inorganic origins hypothesis, largely from Russia and the Ukraine, had a major forum for their ideas at a meeting held in June in Calgary, Alberta — a city that has built its wealth on the vast petroleum deposits found in the Canadian province.
		Although most scientists agree that inorganic petroleum exists, he says, they differ widely in their thoughts on how it forms and how widespread it is versus organic petroleum.
	www.geotimes.org /oct05/feature_abiogenicoil.html (3519 words)

	Petroleum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Petroleum (from Latin petra – rock and oleum – oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called fl gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid.
		The idea of abiogenic petroleum origin was championed in the Western world by Thomas Gold based on thoughts from Russia, mainly on studies of Nikolai Kudryavtsev.
		Strictly speaking, petroleum consists of hydrocarbons (compounds of hydrogen and carbon) and non-hydrocarbon fractions, which might also include nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, or traces of metals such as vanadium or nickel, such elements often constituting less than 1% of the whole.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Petroleum (5109 words)

	Washington DC Message Boards > There is plenty of oil on Earth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The hypothesis of abiogenic petroleum origin holds that petroleum is formed by non-biological processes deep in the earth's crust and mantle.
		The modern scientific consensus on abiogenic petroleum is that there is evidence for it being possible to produce petrochemicals according to the mechanisms proposed in the hypothesis.
		One prediction of most abiogenic theories is that other planets of the solar system or their moons have large petroleum oceans, either from hydrocarbons present at the formation of the solar system, or from subsequent chemical reactions.
	www.dcmessageboards.com /lofiversion/index.php/t8328.html (428 words)

	Abiogenic Gas Debate 11:2002 EXPLORER
		Organizers said the conference is designed to provide an opportunity to present the hypothesis, evidence and data for an organic origin of petroleum and for an abiogenic origin of petroleum through oral and poster sessions, with ample time for discussion and debate.
		"The modern, organic theory of the origin of petroleum states that a portion of the lipid fraction of micro-organisms deposited in anaerobic sediments is the original source of petroleum," he said.
		If abiogenic petroleum exists in amounts large enough for economic production, he hopes details of the science involved will be presented at the London Hedberg.
	www.aapg.org /explorer/2002/11nov/abiogenic.cfm (2133 words)

	LiveScience.com - The Mysterious Origin and Supply of Oil
		The United States' latest reminder of its petroleum dependency occurred when hurricanes Katrina and Rita struck the Gulf of Mexico, where the majority of the country's oil platforms and refineries are located.
		The idea that petroleum is formed from dead organic matter is known as the "biogenic theory" of petroleum formation and was first proposed by a Russian scientist almost 250 years ago.
		If abiogenic petroleum sources are indeed found to be abundant, it would mean Earth contains vast reserves of untapped petroleum and, since other rocky objects formed from the same raw material as Earth, that crude oil might exist on other planets or moons in the solar system, scientists say.
	www.livescience.com /environment/051011_oil_origins.html (848 words)

	ipedia.com: Fossil fuel Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The burning of fossil fuels by humans is their major source of emissions of carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases that is believed to contribute to global warming.
		There are two theories on the origin of fossil fuels: the biogenic theory and the abiogenic theory.
		Even if abiogenic oil is the source, the theory is not of practical use unless significant deposits are discovered.
	www.ipedia.com /fossil_fuel.html (602 words)

	Petroleum - Wikicars
		Ancient Persian tablets indicate the medicinal and lighting uses of petroleum in the upper levels of their society.
		The name is derived from the fl color of crude oil combined with its status as a highly valuable resource, serving in the industrial age, in many ways, the same role that gold did in the pre-industrial era.
		Renewable energy alternatives do exist, although the degree to which they can replace petroleum and the possible environmental damage they may cause are uncertain and controversial.
	wikicars.org /de/Petroleum (5110 words)

	TekXchange:Uses of Bitumen: Since Ages
		This is certainly true in modern agriculture, in medicine, and in the textile industry - where both the dyes and the fibers themselves are synthetics made from various treatments of crude oil.
		Bitumen is a generic term referring to flammable, brown or fl mixtures of tar like hydrocarbons, derived naturally or by distillation from petroleum.
		A minority of geologists, proponents of the theory of abiogenic petroleum origin, believe that bitumen and other hydrocarbons heavier than methane originally derive from deep inside the mantle of the earth rather than biological detritus.
	www.tekxchange.com /article.htm (383 words)

	Petroleum
		Petroleum exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth's
		imports of petroleum were restricted due to war and Germany found a method to extract oil from coal.
		Petroleum's worth as a portable, dense energy source powering the vast majority of vehicles and as the base of many industrial chemicals makes it one of the world's most important
	www.vetty.com /wpcd/wp/p/Petroleum.htm (3492 words)

	Amazon.com: "abiogenic origin": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		9 Origin of petroleum This chapter describes evidence against the deep-earth gas hypothesis, which invokes an abiogenic origin for petroleum by polymerization of methane deep in the Earth's mantle.
		So long as this mode of origin of the earth was the dominant view, an abiogenic origin of petroleum, formed from materials accumulated in the forma- tion of the earth, was not a tenable viewpoint.
		his x~,ritings The Beginnin,igs of Life (1872) and Evolution and the Origin of Life (1874) that evolutionists must accept the abiogenic origin of life (Farley, 1997): the manifestations of life could not be independent of physical and chemical laws ultimately derived from...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/abiogenic-origin (535 words)

	nwsltr66 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The orthodox position now is that while abiogenic hydrocarbons exist, they are not produced in commercially significant quantities, so that essentially all hydrocarbons that are extracted for use as fuel or raw materials are biogenic.
		Abiogenic: At depths of hundreds of kilometers, carbon deposits are a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules which leak upward through the crust.
		This shows that some petroleum deposits may have been in contact with ancient plant residues, though it does not show that either is the origin of the other.
	www.davesweb.cnchost.com /nwsltr66.html (2308 words)

	PETROLEUM CRUDE OIL AND FOSIL FUEL RESERVES
		It consists of a complex mixture of various hydocarbons, largely of the alkane series, but may vary much in appearance and composition.
		The issue can be considered from the point of view of individual regions or of the world as a whole.
		Originally M. King Hubbert noticed that the discoveries in the United States had peaked in the early 1930s, and concluded that production would then peak in the early 1970s.
	www.solarnavigator.net /petroleum.htm (4364 words)

	Oil, Pollution & the Energy Crisis - Unexplained Mysteries Discussion Forums
		The constituent precursors of petroleum (mainly methane) are commonplace and it is possible that appropriate conditions exist for hydrocarbons to be formed deep within the Earth.
		The modern Russian-Ukrainian theory of petroleum, based on thermodynamic calculations, contends that petroleum is inorganic and formed at high pressures and temperature in the earth's mantle.
		Their conclusions about petroleum origin are also said to vindicate the theories propounded by the geologist Nikolai Kudryavtsev.
	www.unexplained-mysteries.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=48995 (2554 words)

	Abiogenic petroleum origin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		is taken as evidence that there may be a great deal more petroleum on Earth than commonly thought, and that petroleum may originate from carbon-bearing fluids which migrate upward from the mantle.
		Although the abiogenic theory, according to Gold, is widely accepted in Russia, where it was intensively developed in the 1950s and 1960s, the vast majority of Western petroleum geologists consider the biogenic theory of petroleum formation scientifically proven.
		Panhandle-Hugoton field (Anadarko Basin) in Texas-Oklahoma, USA is the most important gas field with commercial helium content.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abiogenic_petroleum_origin (7148 words)

	Petroleum information - Search.com
		The American Petroleum Industry: Volume I, The Age of Illumination.
		The American Petroleum Industry: Volume II, The Age of Energy.
		Petro-free : that does not use or sell petroleum (i.e.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Petroleum (4841 words)

	Care2 News Network: Abiogenic petroleum origin
		> Care2 News Network > Amanda's News > Abiogenic petroleum origi...
		The theory of abiogenic petroleum origin states that petroleum (or crude oil) is primarily created from non-biological sources of hydrocarbons located deep in the crust of the Earth.
		Compose your comment and submit: (plain text only please.
	www.care2.com /news/member/767683581/187186 (133 words)

	Petroleum
		Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and elaion – oil or Latin oleum – oil) or crude oil is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid.
		While petroleum is considered renewable on very long time scales, many people are worried about peak oil and eventual depletion in the near future.
		List of Countries that have already passed their production peak
	articles.gourt.com /?article=Petroleum (4761 words)

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