
	Where results make sense

Topic: Abiotic stress

Related Topics

Amazonas Department

Ecological selection

Ecological niche

Macroevolution

Natural selection

Regular issue coinage

Gene flow

Galaxy cluster cloud

Microevolution

Genetic drift

Sexual selection

Species

The Blind Watchmaker

Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev

Alfred Russel Wallace

In the News (Sun 20 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Abiotic stress - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Abiotic stress is caused in living organisms by nonliving environmental factors, such as drought, extreme temperatures, edaphic conditions, and high winds.
		Plants are especially dependent on environmental factors, and continued abiotic stress can have harmful effects on them or force natural selection.
		Plant Stress: coping with plant environmental stress is the foundation of sustainable agriculture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abiotic_stress (145 words)

	Annex II Genetic Engineering for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
		Abiotic stresses lead to dehydration or osmotic stress through reduced availability of water for vital cellular functions and maintenance of turgor pressure.
		The QTL mapping of stress tolerance in certain species, comparative mapping and map based cloning in plants may be used to screen genes which function under stress as well as those induced and expressed in response to stress.
		Thus, abiotic stress accompanying a number of biological phenomena must be precisely investigated by consideration of plant homeostasis.
	www.fao.org /WAIRDOCS/TAC/Y5198E/y5198e04.htm (1606 words)

	Untitled Document
		The severity of abiotic stresses is on the rise due to the practice of intensive cultivation in farming areas as well as due to environmental deterioration caused by the greenhouse effect.
		It is well established that tolerance to abiotic stresses is mediated by a number of biochemical reactions/ physiological processes, which essentially means that it is a multi-genic trait.
		Notably, genetically improved tolerance to abiotic stress must prove to be a stable inheritable trait, unlike tolerance against biotic stress (as caused by fungal, bacterial or insect pathogens), where the tolerance breaks with the evolution of the pathogen.
	www.iubs.org /test/bioint/40/5.htm (1297 words)

	Biotechnology and Development Monitor, No. 18, p. 6-7.
		It aims at the development of wheat varieties tolerant to abiotic stress produced by heat, drought and acid soils with associated aluminum toxicity, which are some of the most important constraints for wheat cultivation in the tropics.
		But even if stress tolerance is currently not a priority in agricultural technology development in LAC in general, the importance of some of the abiotic constraints in specific areas and production systems justifies a certain level of scientific and technological effort, especially concerning themes that are not addressed elsewhere.
		The problem of stress tolerance in LAC has to be approached with a medium to longterm perspective, with special emphasis on enhancing the research capacity in the molecular biology of stress tolerance in the region.
	www.biotech-monitor.nl /1804.htm (2110 words)

	Drought - Maize production under drought environment
		A systematic increase in stress intensity with time and a systematic yield decrease with later anthesis dates can be accounted for in data analyses; not so for non-systematic changes in stress intensity, such as an irrigation application or rainfall event during flowering.
		This is because under stress the heritability of grain yield usually decreases, whereas the heritability of some secondary traits remains high, while at the same time the genetic correlation between grain yield and those traits increases sharply (Bänziger and Lafitte 1997a; Bolanos and Edmeades 1996).
		Stress type: to be measured under flowering drought stress; heritability and genetic variance is largest when flowering stress is intense enough so that ears per plant average 0.3 to 0.7 across the entire experiment.
	www.cimmyt.org /Research/Maize/qpm2002/Drought/Drought6.htm (5672 words)

	Current Projects \| Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics
		The outcomes of this project are to produce integrated transcript profiles of plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses to provide a comprehensive understanding of stress adaptation and clues for identification of genes, which are useful for improvement of abiotic stress tolerance.
		To isolate novel candidate genes and alleles conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold, salinity, sodicity, low soil fertility, mineral toxicities, etc. from wild relatives of wheat and barley, and from native and exotic species of grasses showing unique modes of adaptation to these abiotic stresses in extreme environments.
		Genes with inferred roles in tolerance to extreme abiotic stresses have been identified and will be tested in transgenic material for their capacity to confer agronomically useful phenotypes in wheat and barley.
	www.acpfg.com.au /research/projects.aspx (1882 words)

	A database of annotated tentative orthologs from crop abiotic stress transcripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For this purpose, ESTs from stress cDNA libraries across 16 crop species including 6 important cereal crops and 10 dicots were systematically collated and subjected to bioinformatics analysis such as clustering, grouping of tentative orthologous sets, identification of protein motifs/patterns in the predicted protein sequence, and annotation with stress conditions, tissue/library source and putative function.
		Integrated approaches to the study of abiotic stress response in plants are important especially since drought and salinity stress are primary reasons for crop losses worldwide.
		The availability of this dataset is a useful resource for researchers studying the biology and genomics of stress response in plants and in the molecular evolution of genes involved in the stress response.
	www.bioinformation.net /1/57-1-2006.htm (1025 words)

	ENVS 162 Stress Tolerance Lab
		Abiotic or physical stresses in the environment limit the distribution and abundance of plant species on a geographic scale, as well as limiting the agricultural productivity of particular regions.
		Abiotic stresses include high temperatures, chilling and freezing, drought, excessive PFD, excessive UV, soil, water and atmospheric pollutants, wind, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and limited gas diffusion within soils.
		A common theme that occurs with studies of stress-induced damage is that stress appears to cause structural and functional disrepair to membranes.
	www.ic.ucsc.edu /~mloik/envs162/Lab5.htm (617 words)

	ABIOTIC STRESS 2000
		Temperature, water, radiation and nutrient stress are responsible for as much as a 50% reduction of the potential yield of the 10 top crops.
		Plants could be improved for tolerance to particular abiotic stressing factors, for their utilization in specific areas, especially by focusing on physiological tolerance, rather than on morphological or anatomical modifications (stress protein synthesis, enzyme optima, accumulation of solutes or compounds).
		ABIOTIC STRESS 2000 is coordinated by the Division of Genetics and Environmental Biotechnologies, Department of Environmental Sciences of the University of Parma, Italy, in collaboration with Texas Tech University at Lubbock, Texas.
	www.dsa.unipr.it /as2000 (949 words)

	ENHANCED TOLERANCE TO ABIOTIC STRESS IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO BY OVEREXPRESSION OF A ZINC-FINGER PROTEIN GENE FROM RICE
		The transgenic lines were evaluated for dehydration stress tolerance by germinating the nontransgenics and transgenics on 0.3 M and 0.4 M mannitol.
		Salt stress was given for 4 days and the difference between the fresh weight of nontransgenics and transgenics was recorded on day 8 of recovery.
		OSISAP1 could be a promising target for producing stress tolerant crops because it is inducible by different kinds of abiotic stresses and, upon ectopic overexpression, the transgenics show improved tolerance to cold, dehydration, and salt stress.
	www.isb.vt.edu /articles/jun0402.htm (1251 words)

	Biological Sciences / Admissions / BSB4003 Plant Abiotic Stress (2006/07)
		This module will address the most common abiotic stresses and deal with breeding strategies that are being used to minimise their negative impact.
		Stresses included are: Drought, cold, freezing, heat, waterlogging, salt and sodicity, heavy metal tolerance and mineral deficiency.
		Have an advanced understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena underlying these abiotic stresses and the adaptive responses of the crops.
	biology.bangor.ac.uk /admissions/module/BSB4003 (879 words)

	The development and application of molecular markers for abiotic stress tolerance in barley
		Abiotic stress work on cultivated gene pools of small grain cereals frequently shows that adaptive and developmental genes are strongly associated with responses.
		One concern is that much of the genetic variation for improving abiotic stress tolerance has been lost during domestication, selection and modern breeding, leaving pleiotropic effects of the selected genes for development and adaptation.
		Such genes are critical in matching cultivars to their target agronomic environment, and since there is little leverage in changing these, other sources of variation may be required.
	www.egeinfonet.i8.com /pub/2000/18.html (352 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Wheat EST resources for functional genomics of abiotic stress (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In wheat and other cereals, the expression of several genes during cold acclimation was found to be positively correlated with the capacity of each genotype and tissue to develop FT Furthermore, abiotic stresses that have a dehydrative component (such as cold, drought and salinity) share some responses.
		The regulation of genes involved in temperature, drought and salt stresses is known to reflect the cross-talk between different signalling pathways [16].
		Two contigs encode the enzyme delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase that is involved in proline biosynthesis, a metabolite that was found to increase during cold acclimation and drought stress [17].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2164/7/149 (9292 words)

	integrated approaches to abiotic stress research group
		Specifically, her focus is on understanding the survival processes used by bacteria adapted to specific high stress environments such as deep surface and microbially-influenced corrosion/degradation processes.
		He and Eileen Hickey, (UNR) conduct research is in the area of heat stress proteins and the use of stress protein gene expression as biomarkers for environmental stress and stress adaptation.
		Jeffery Shen (UNLV) conducts research on the molecular basis of plant desiccation stress responses with emphasis on signal transduction pathways of plant growth regulators (e.g., ABA and GA) known to play important roles in how plants perceive and respond to abiotic stresses.
	www.nevada.edu /epscor/iaas.html (2714 words)

	Keystone Symposia \| Scientific Conferences on Biomedical and Life Science Topics
		This is of importance as abiotic stresses, including drought, high salinity and extremes in temperature, cause significant losses in crop yield on an annual basis and greatly limit the geographical locations where crops can be grown.
		Unfortunately, breeding for increased abiotic stress tolerance is difficult due in part to the multigenic nature of abiotic stress tolerance.
		The objective of this meeting is to bring together scientists who study abiotic stress and plant responses to the environment from a variety of perspectives to discuss their latest findings and consider future lines of investigation.
	www.keystonesymposia.org /Meetings/ViewMeetings.cfm?MeetingID=690 (811 words)

	Flooding or Drought Stress & Potato Leafhopper Injury in Alfalfa
		The objective of this research was to examine the interaction between abiotic (flooding and drought) stress and biotic (PLH feeding) stress on alfalfa seedlings (seeded plants that had not gone through a cutting and regrowth cycle).
		We have observed that alfalfa shoots stressed by flooding, drought, or PLH often exhibit a higher percentage of shoot dry matter (data not shown) that would tend to equalize total shoot dry matter yield between stress and non-stress treatments.
		Flooding stress was particularly detrimental in combination with PLH stress; root dry matter accumulation declined 85% and 69% in WL 323 and 3S77, respectively, relative to the non-PLH feeding controls.
	www.plantmanagementnetwork.org /pub/php/research/leafhopper (3127 words)

	Genomics: plant stress response
		This project identifies and characterizes genes whose expression is regulated in response to drought and/or salt stress.
		Certain genes respond to both stresses, while others are uniquely regulated either in terms of the stress stimulus or the plant tissue.
		These can be explored further for their specific role(s) in the tolerance or susceptibility to each stress, as well as serve as genetic markers for diversity in commercial and exotic germplasm.
	www.clemson.edu /scg/gen/baird.htm (506 words)

	barley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Therefore, there is a need to identify and characterize stress tolerance (drought, salinity and heat shock) genes from local habitat in the NWC region of Egypt.
		Isolation and characterization of stress-related sequences that might contribute to the tolerance of abiotic stresses either from endogenous barley cultivars or from wild germplasm.
		PCR primers specific to stress tolerance genes were constructed and are being used to screen barley germplasm for related DNA sequences.
	www.ageri.sci.eg /topic6/barley.htm (343 words)

	Disease Resistance and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice Are Inversely Modulated by an Abscisic Acid-Inducible ...
		pathogen infection and insect herbivory) and abiotic (i.e.,
		For drought and salt stresses, RNA from both root and leaf tissues was extracted at the times specified.
		Bohnert, H.J., Nelson, D.E., and Jensen, R.G. Adaptations to environmental stresses.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/3/745 (8150 words)

	ARS Project: Physiological and Genetic Basis of Cotton Acclimation to Abiotic Stress (410340) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Develop improved germplasm resources for abiotic stress resistance and fiber quality in G. barbadense utilizing and integrating classical and biotechnology-based methodologies.
		The genetic potential of cotton, and crop species in general, for production of abundant high quality economic yield is severely compromised by specific abiotic stresses, like temperature and water, that are endemic to the arid southwestern U.S. In addition, early season chilling stress impacts yield by stunting growth and delaying planting date.
		The mission of this research unit is to use a multidisciplinary approach to improve stress tolerance and yield in cotton.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=410340 (308 words)

	The Rice 14-3-3 Gene Family and its Involvement in Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stress -- Chen et al. 13 (2): 53 -- ...
		The Rice 14-3-3 Gene Family and its Involvement in Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stress -- Chen et al.
		in defense and abiotic stress responses, we examined the rice
		Differential induction of GF14 genes by defense and stress molecules.
	dnaresearch.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/13/2/53 (4368 words)

	MTP 2001-2003, Project 5
		Generate benefits for resource-poor farmers in marginal areas subject to abiotic stress by improving wheat yield, stability, profitability, and sustainability.
		Develop new parental materials using genetic diversity from a range of sources containing relevant traits for grain yield, abiotic stress tolerance, and end-use quality (contributes to output 1).
		Study the biological basis of genotype x abiotic stress interactions, and improve the characterization of germplasm, production environments, and selection environments for abiotic stresses (contributes to output 8).
	www.cimmyt.org /whatiscimmyt/mtp2001_2003/mtp0103_P5.htm (906 words)

	Breeding for Abiotic Stress Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities
		A case study of the major challenges and opportunities to improve stress tolerance in plants using salinity is presented.
		However, efforts to improve crop performance under environmental stresses have not been much fruitful because the fundamental mechanisms of stress tolerance in plants remain to be completely understood.
		For the biological approach in raising salt tolerance to work, identification of the genetic basis of stress tolerance and using the requisite salt stress tolerance related genes or QTL (Quantitative Trail Loci) to develop varieties with enhanced salinity tolerance are a pre-requisite.
	www.cropscience.org.au /icsc2004/symposia/3/6/1953_blumwalde.htm (7079 words)

	Transformation of Vigna mungo (blackgram) for abiotic stress tolerance using marker free approach
		Salt stress is a major abiotic stress adversely affecting the yield of Vigna mungo (flgram), an important pulse crop.
		Vigna mungo (flgram) is an important grain legume grown in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian subcontinent, and is adversely affected by saline soils.
		While it is important to insert an agronomically desirable gene to overcome the limitiations imposed by traditional plant breeding, emphasis should also be given to strategies that minimise the presence of recombinant DNA sequences to address public concern on GMOs and to achieve controlled expression of the transgene.
	www.cropscience.org.au /icsc2004/poster/3/8/454_sarin.htm (1520 words)

	Emerging trends in agricultural biotechnology research: Use of abiotic stress-induced promoter to drive expression of a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There was indeed high expression of the stress-inducible genes coupled to increased tolerance to salt, drought and freezing stresses in the resulting transgenics; however, these effects were associated with phenotypic dwarfing of the transgenic progenies.
		It was seen that over-expression of the cDNA encoding DREB1A in transgenic plants activated the expression of many of the stress tolerance genes under normal growth conditions and resulted in improved tolerance to drought, salt loading and freezing stress.
		The future stress biotechnology research will hopefully see more of such reports in which high strength and stress-induced expression of the transgenes are combined.
	www.ias.ac.in /currsci/dec251999/articles11.htm (1341 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)