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Topic: Abkhazia

	Abkhazia - History of Abkhazia
		To the east and southeast, Abkhazia is bounded by the Georgian region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti; and on the south and southwest by the Black Sea.
		The landscapes of Abkhazia range from coastal forests and citrus plantations, to eternal snows and glaciers to the north of the region.
		Abkhazia was made an autonomous principality of the Byzantine Empire in the 7th century — a status it retained until the 9th century, when it was united with the province of Imereti and became known as the Abkhazian Kingdom.
	www.abkhazeti.org /index.php?title=Abkhazia (3853 words)

	Politics of Abkhazia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Politics in Abkhazia is dominated by the conflict with Georgia, of which the territory seceded.
		Politics takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Abkhazia is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.
		Still, on 12 October Abkhazia's Supreme Court, after a series of contradictory decisions by the Electoral Committee, recognized that the new president would be a businessman Sergei Bagapsh, accused by his rival's supporters of being pro-Georgian.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Politics_of_Abkhazia (436 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG: Home Page
		The Republic of Abkhazia covers 3,300 square miles between the eastern shores of the Black Sea and the crestline of the main Caucasus range; from the rivers Psou (in the north) and Ingur (in the south).
		To the north, Abkhazia is bordered by Russia and to the south by the Georgian provinces of Svanetia and Mingrelia.
		After Abkhazia was incorporated into Russia in 1810, large numbers of migrants came from other parts of the empire: primarily Russians, Armenians and Jews.
	www.abkhazia.org /home.html (628 words)

	Abkhazia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Abkhazia is situated on the Eastern Bank of the Black Sea, bordering to the West with Russia on the Psou River and to the East with Georgia on the Ingur River.
		The President of the Republic of Abkhazia shall be the head of the State.
		The Abkhaz argue that, as Abkhazia was forcibly incorporated into Georgia by Stalin’s regime in 1931, the collapse of the USSR and the subsequent unilateral annulment by Georgia of legal measures joining the two countries in one republic merely confirmed Abkhazia’s legal and moral right to independence.
	www.unpo.org /member.php?arg=03 (2910 words)

	TURAN - ABKHAZIA
		With the rise of Islam in the 7th c., the fall of Sassanid Persia and the the weakening of Byzantium, Abkhazia was formed as a principality that came to affiliate with the Khazar Khanate from around 800 A.D. as its prince married a Khazar princess.
		In the 10th c., Abkhazia became part of the Georgian state of the time (the Bagratid dynasty), during a period of anarchy between vassal princes and nobility.
		Abkhazia was recognised as a Soviet republic by the Bolshevik leaders of Georgia.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/caucasus/abkhaz.html (928 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Regions and territories: Abkhazia
		Abkhazia's battle for independence from Georgia since the collapse of the USSR has reduced the economy to ruins.
		Abkhazia was incorporated into the Russian empire in 1810 as a protectorate and finally annexed in 1864.
		At the time of the collapse of the USSR in 1991, less than a fifth of the people of Abkhazia were ethnic Abkhaz while the rest of the population was made up largely of Georgians.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/3261059.stm (1048 words)

	5. Georgia-Abkhazia
		Numerous Georgian laws were nullified in Abkhazia; all local enterprises and organizations, including military and police units, were placed under regional jurisdiction; and a special regiment of internal troops was created and placed under the command of the Presidium of the Abkhazian Supreme Soviet.
		Over the next year, the Abkhazians, who received substantial political and military assistance from volunteers from the Confederation of the Mountain People of the Caucasus (CMPC) and at least some assistance from local Russian military units,[2] were able to launch a counteroffensive and gradually re-establish control over "their" republic up to the Russian-Georgian border.
		Furthermore, he agreed that a third party peace-keeping force should be deployed in Abkhazia, where Georgian and Abkhazian forces (including Georgian forces that Tbilisi admitted or claimed it could not control) continued to engage in periodic skirmishes, and where ruthless "ethnic cleansing" by Abkhazian authorities continued to generate large flows of Georgian refugees.
	www.rand.org /pubs/conf_proceedings/CF129/CF-129.chapter5.html (2625 words)

	Abkhazia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		By a treaty with the Abkhazian dukes, Russia acquired Sukhumi in 1810 and declared a protectorate over all Abkhazia, which was formally annexed in 1864.
		Abkhazia became an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union in 1921 and was made part of Georgia in 1930.
		In 1994 a cease-fire was negotiated, with Russian troops serving as peacekeepers, but the ultimate disposition of Abkhazia remained unresolved and fighting broke out again in 1998 and in 2001.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ab/Abkhazia.html (441 words)

	Russian-Georgian war in Abkhazia
		Russian military command in Abkhazia continues barbarian bombing of residential districts of Sukhumi, peaceful population is exterminated.
		The main reason was the plan of junta to subjugate whole western Georgia, including Abkhazia and Megrelia, population of which is true to the legal President and Parliament (as in the rest of Georgia) and shows total disobedience to the illegal criminal regime.
		The recognition of the Parliament of the Abkhazian Autonomous Republic, as the legal authority automatically means to recognize the constitutions of Abkhazia and Georgia, which were abolished by notorious "State Council" of Georgia and Abkhazian faction of the Parliament of Abkhazia, respectively, neglecting all juridical norms and are still acting juridically.
	www.geocities.com /shavlego/abkhaz_1.html (11241 words)

	Voice of Abkhazia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Abkhazia is a small strip of land in northwestern Georgia that hugs the Black Sea.
		Accordingly, the de facto nation was permitted to have its own constitution, legislation and could appropriate state symbols, such as an anthem, flag, as well as maintaining internal sovereignty.
		September 1994 marked the beginning of trouble for Abkhazia when Russia imposed a transport, and later, a sea blockade on the republic.
	www.qsl.net /yb0rmi/abkhazia.htm (383 words)

	Investment Guide to Georgia :: Abkhazia
		After annexing Abkhazia in 1864, the Russian Empire abolished the princedom of Abkhazia and renamed it Sukhumi okrug (province).
		On 4 March 1921, the Soviet Socialist Republic of Abkhazia was created, which was united with the Soviet Socialist Republic of Georgia under the treaty of alliance.
		The restoration of the territorial integrity and the return of Georgian refugees from Abkhazia continue to be pressing social and political issues.
	www.investmentguide.ge /pages/country_overview/regional_overview/abkhazia (453 words)

	ABKHAZIA, Landmine Monitor Report 2000
		Abkhazia is not an internationally recognized state; it cannot sign the Mine Ban Treaty.
		Abkhazia currently maintains a stockpile of antipersonnel mines, though the size and composition are largely unknown.
		Abkhazia’s Ministry of the Interior states that from January 1999 through May 2000 there were twenty-four mine incidents on the territory of Abkhazia.
	www.icbl.org /lm/2000/abkhazia.html (2626 words)

	BHHRG
		abkhazia’s independence remains unrecognized by the international community putting its status on the same level as that of other breakaway regions in the former Soviet republics i.e., South Ossetia, Transnistria and Nagorno-Karabakh.
		However, there were many aspects of the conduct of the 2004 presidential election in abkhazia that gave cause for concern.
		Perhaps it is too late now for abkhazia to remain free for much longer from Tbilisi’s embrace as the conduct of the presidential election must give rise to fears that this region is also facing its own ‘rose revolution’.
	www.bhhrg.org /CountryReport.asp?CountryID=10&ReportID=225&keyword=abkhazia (494 words)

	Documentaire: Abkhazia
		In Abkhazia, the state is extremely weak: the streets of the capital are lined with burnt houses and destroyed buildings.
		The task of the Minister of Education is to reinvent Abkhazia as a state, with a language and a culture, through education.
		The Georgian military occupation was brutal to all in Abkhazia.
	www.documentaire.com /caucasus/Abkhazia.html (9687 words)

	Abkhazia: Nationalism, Conflict and History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Abkhazia's experience during the Revolution and Civil War also reinforced the impression that it was Georgia that was the greatest threat to the Abkhazian nation and that Russia was a potential protector, counterweight, or at least the lesser of two evils.
		Abkhazia was fully collectivised by the end of 1937, and large numbers of Georgians were resettled in the region by Beria and his subordinates while the Abkhazian intelligentsia and political elite was thoroughly purged.
		Beria was an ethnic Georgian (Megrelian) from Abkhazia.
	www.amherst.edu /~daschaich/writings/academic/abkhazia.html (9937 words)

	Labirinth of Abkhazia by Vakhtang Kolbaia
		On December 16 Abkhazia was granted the status of a so-called Treaty-based Republic and, as a practical matter, became the part of Georgia.
		In 1860 the population of Abkhazia was 70,000.
		The independence of Abkhazia had lasted just for "a minute," but even during this "minute," Abkhazia, being politically dependent on the Government of the Russian Federation, and partly on the Government of the Georgian SSR (finance, external trade, maritime transport, etc.) was a far cry from an independent state.
	www.abkhazia-georgia.parliament.ge /Publications/Georgian/labyrinth_of_abkhazia.htm (18169 words)

	NPR : Yearning in Abkhazia
		Chechnya lies just to the northeast; Abkhazia is in constant contention with Georgia, and there are problems with unemployment and drug abuse.
		Abkhazia had been the richest resort area of the Soviet Union.
		Yagan was full of stories from the past and observations about life in Abkhazia -- one of which was his explanation of a third pillar of Kebzeh: "a tug at the heart" -- something that's common to many spiritual traditions.
	www.npr.org /programs/wesat/features/2002/jul/abkhazia (514 words)

	Caucasus Foundation
		Abkhazia covers 8.700 square km and had 525,061 inhabitants in 1989, 44 percent Georgian (Kartvehan), 17 percent Abkhazian, 16 percent Russian and 15 percent Armenian.
		The Caucasus-Abkhazian Solidarity Committee, a fruit of the combined efforts of the Diaspora and the motherland Abkhazians, gathered the veterans of the struggle for the freedom of Abkhazia to celebrate its 10 years of existence.
		Abkhazia is one of the places I most wanted to visit at the coastal Black Sea at the Caucasus.
	www.kafkas.org.tr /english/bgkafkas/bukaf_abhazya.html (351 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Abkhazia and Georgia: Ready to Ride on the Peace Train?
		Spanning the Inguri River near Zugdidi are the rusty remains of the Sochi-Tbilisi railway bridge.
		In Abkhazia, the restoration of the railway is viewed with hope, doubt and fear.
		Abkhazia would guarantee security from Ochamchira north to the Russian border and Russian peacekeepers from Ochamchira to Gali, at the border with Georgia.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav080505.shtml (1037 words)

	Abkhazia-Georgia Briefing
		Abkhazia is located in the Northwest region of Georgia, bordering on the Black Sea and rising into the high Caucasus Mountains in the east.
		Abkhazia was incorporated into Russia (1810), and in 1931, the USSR merged Abkhazia and Georgia into a unified socialist republic of Georgia.
		Key points of disagreement are the ultimate political status of Abkhazia and the rights of Georgian refugees to return to their homes in Abkhazia.
	www.flashpoints.info /countries-conflicts/Abkhazia-Georgia/Abkhazia-Georgia_briefing_main.htm (324 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus - Self-Determination - Regional Conflict Profile - Abkhazia
		The principality of Abkhazia was established in 1325, becoming part of the Ottoman Empire in the late sixteenth century.
		A Memorandum of Understanding between Georgia and Abkhazia was agreed to in Geneva in December 1993.
		Under the terms of international arrangements agreed to by the parties, Russia has the authority in Abkhazia to convene meetings with the conflicting sides and motivate the activities of multilateral forums at the United Nations and the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as the Friends of the UN Secretary-General for Georgia (FOG).
	selfdetermine.irc-online.org /conflicts/abkhaz_body.html (1505 words)

	Amazon.com: The Golden Fleece - Caucasus, Vol. 2: Songs From Abkhazia & Adzharia: Music: Various Artists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Abkhazia: Aerg - Folklore Ensemble From The Village Of Zvandripsh
		Abkhazia: Azar - Folklore Ensemble From The Village Of Zvandripsh
		Abkhazia: Zhan Achba - Folklore Ensemble From The Village Of Zvandripsh
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B0000036ZT?v=glance (415 words)

	The American Spectator
		Abkhazia is not the only quasi-sovereign trap door or hole in the attic that gives would-be mass murderers a staging point between Europe and the Arab world, but it also strikes the most dangerous balance between reliability and disorder.
		Nagorno-Karabakh, still in limbo between Armenia and Azerbaijan, is destitute, landlocked, and outside the protection of a major power; the unrecognized Transdnistr Moldovan Republic, headquartered in Tiraspol, is in turn the headquarters of the Russian 14th Army.
		Abkhazia's combination of prime regional real estate and its extralegal status makes it just dangerous enough to dissuade weak powers from enforcing rules and just orderly enough to attract those looking to break those rules.
	www.spectator.org /dsp_article.asp?art_id=8547 (734 words)

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