Abkhazian Kingdom - Factbites

Abkhazian Kingdom - Factbites
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Topic: Abkhazian Kingdom

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	Kiev [Definition]
		Florence is the capital of the region of Tuscany and briefly (1865-1871) the capital of the kingdom of Italy.
		Historically, Kiev is one of the most ancient and important cities of the region, the center of Rus' civilization, survivor of numerous wars, purges and genocides.
		Closed by the Russian Tsarist government in 1817, the academy was reestablished in 1992 as a secularThis article concerns secularity, that is, being secular, in various senses.
	www.wikimirror.com /Kiev

	Conflicting narratives in Abkhazia and Georgia--Levan Gigineishvili
		The title of the Bagrationi kings was “The King of Abkhazians and Georgians.” The kingdom enjoyed its acme from the beginning of 12th to the beginning of 14th century and then declined after the Mongol invasion.
		The last king of this dynasty died in the 9th century and the kingdom moved to the Bagrationi dynasty, which became the ruler of a strong unitary kingdom including both Abkhazia and Georgia.
		The language of culture, religion and state administration of this Kingdom was Georgian, which does not mean that the Georgian ethnicity held a privileged status.
	www.gse.harvard.edu /~t656_web/peace/Articles_Spring_2003/Gigineishvili_Levan_ConflictingNarrativesAbkhaziaGeorgia.htm

	Conflicting narratives in Abkhazia and Georgia--Levan Gigineishvili
		The title of the Bagrationi kings was “The King of Abkhazians and Georgians.” The kingdom enjoyed its acme from the beginning of 12th to the beginning of 14th century and then declined after the Mongol invasion.
		The last king of this dynasty died in the 9th century and the kingdom moved to the Bagrationi dynasty, which became the ruler of a strong unitary kingdom including both Abkhazia and Georgia.
		The language of culture, religion and state administration of this Kingdom was Georgian, which does not mean that the Georgian ethnicity held a privileged status.
	gseweb.harvard.edu /~t656_web/peace/Articles_Spring_2003/Gigineishvili_Levan_ConflictingNarrativesAbkhaziaGeorgia.htm

	Conflicting narratives in Abkhazia and Georgia--Levan Gigineishvili
		That Abkhazians are not newcomers in Abkhazia is evidenced by the fact that the King of the united Abkhazian-Georgian kingdom in 14th century bears two names: George and Lasha.
		The title of the Bagrationi kings was “The King of Abkhazians and Georgians.” The kingdom enjoyed its acme from the beginning of 12th to the beginning of 14th century and then declined after the Mongol invasion.
		To accentuate the role of Russia in the alienation and the present hostility of Abkhazians is not to expiate Georgians.
	gseweb.harvard.edu /~t656_web/peace/Articles_Spring_2003/Gigineishvili_Levan_ConflictingNarrativesAbkhaziaGeorgia.htm (6056 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Little Optimism for Georgia’s Abkhazia Peace Plan
		Georgia has also indicated that it will be willing to resume talks with the Abkhazian leadership in March in Geneva, under the auspices of the United Nations Secretary-General’s Group of Friends of Georgia, which includes Russia, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany.
		That sense of a permanent impasse still runs strong in the village of Ganmukhuri, a small Georgian settlement along the border with Abkhazia that saw 11 of its villagers kidnapped — reportedly by Abkhazian militia — on the eve of the breakaway region’s presidential elections.
		In an open letter to President Saakashvili, the group argued that the government must put aside all references to the potential use of force to resolve the stand-off with Sokhumi, perform an "extremely objective" analysis of the 1992-1993 war with Abkhazia, and negotiate with Abkhazian officials on terms of parity.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav012005.shtml (1471 words)

	Republic of Georgia
		In the third century B.C. the Kingdom of Kartli or Iberia was established in Eastern Georgia, with its capital in Mtskheta.
		As is known, at the end of the 15th century, the unified Georgian state disintegrated into four independent states: the Kingdoms of Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti and the Principality of Samtskhe, Abkhazia was part of the Kingdom of Imereti.
		As " King of the Abkhazians" came first in the title of the kings of unified Georgia, in foreign sources Abkhazian was used generally in meaning of Georgian, and Abkhazia as designating Georgia.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/georgian/history.html (1471 words)

	Abkhazia
		This version of events is strongly contested by Georgian historians (see Lortkipanidze M., The Abkhazians and Abkhazia, Tbilisi 1990) who argue that Georgian tribes (Mingrelians and Svans) had populated Abkhazia since the time of the Colchis kingdom.
		In the 1st millennium BC (9th-6th centuries BC), the territory of modern Abkhazia was a part of the ancient kingdom of Colchis (Kolkha), which was absorbed in 63 BC into the Kingdom of Egrisi.
		Modern Abkhazian historians insist that large areas of the region were left uninhabited, and that many Armenians, Georgians and Russians (all Christians) subsequently migrated to Abkhazia, resettling much of the vacated territory.
	whatley.blogmobs.com /Abkhazia (3752 words)

	History
		In 1810 the King of Imereti Solomon II was forced by the Russians to flee to Turkey, and Imereti came under Russian rule, although Mengrelian and Abkhazian principalities preserved certain autonomy till 1864.
		In the second half of the 18th century Kartli and Kakheti kingdoms strengthened and united in one kingdom, but Imereti kingdom weakened and lost control over the principalities of Abkhazeti, Megrelia (Samegrelo) and Guria (The suzerainty of Imerety was partially restored in the middle of 18th century).
		All the kingdoms were ruled by the kings of Bagrationi royal family but King of Kartli was considered as superior over them.
	tbileli.o-f.com /history.htm (2446 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Republic_of_Georgia
		Two Georgian Kingdoms of late antiquity, Iberia in the east of the country and Egrisi in the west, were among the first nations in the region to adopt Christianity (In 317 AD and 523 AD, respectively).
		This Georgian Kingdom, which was tolerant towards its Muslim and Jewish subjects despite the Kingdom's deeply Christian character, was subordinated by the Mongols in the 13th century.
		Abkhazian authorities have accused Georgian troops of conducting ethnic cleansing in the territory and in the Republic at large.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Republic_of_Georgia (3656 words)

	Mingrelia (Samegrelo)
		In ancient times Mingrelia was a major part of the kingdom of Kolkha (Colchis) (9th-6th centuries BC) and kingdom of Egrisi (4th century BC-6th century AD).
		The stability in the region is further deteriorated by the fact, that the Georgian refugees from Abkhazian war zone, (which are considered by Georgians as victims of ethnic cleanthy) are mostly Mingrelians.
		Mingrelia (Samegrelo in Georgian) is a historic province in the western part of the republic of Georgia, formerly also known as Odishi.Mingrelia is bordered by the rebellious province of Abkhazia to the north-west, Svaneti to the north, Imereti to the east, Guria to the south and the Black Sea to the west.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/M/Mingrelia-(Samegrelo).htm (459 words)

	Republic of Georgia
		Bagrat, the heir-apparent to the Royal House of the Bagrationis ("The king of Kartvelians") was crowned first as "King of the Abkhazians" for he was the only legitimate successor to the Kingdom of the Abkhazians in his mother’s line.
		The meaning of the term "Abkhazian" and "Abkhazia" broadened further from the 10th century, for the title of the king of the unified Georgia began with that of "King of the Abkhazians".
		If the Abazgoi-Apsilae were of Kartvelian stock, the Apsua that came later occupied theit habitat (sattled down alongside the Abazgoi-Apsilae), and the Georgians called the newcomers, too Abkhazians.
	angelfire.com /ga/georgian/history.html (6867 words)

	cda
		Towards the end of the XVIII century under the Chachba Dynasty, the Abkhazian Kingdom became strong again and controlled the Black Sea coast from Batum to Anapa.
		In 1810, the Abkhaz Kingdom came under the protection of the Russian Empire with the status of a separate state until the year of 1864.
		From 1864 to 1917, Abkhazia was subordinated to the Tsar.
	www.abkhazia.org /home_opposition.html (1325 words)

	Conflicting narratives in Abkhazia and Georgia--Levan Gigineishvili
		That Abkhazians are not newcomers in Abkhazia is evidenced by the fact that the King of the united Abkhazian-Georgian kingdom in 14th century bears two names: George and Lasha.
		Giorgi was not a Georgian nationalist, and he did not say these words in defiance of ethnic Abkhazians.
		For instance, an 11th century Georgian Monk, Giorgi the Athonite, in defense of the apostolicity of the Georgian Church, said to the Patriarch of Antioch that “one of the Apostles, Symon the Cananite, is buried in our land, Abkhazia, the place called Nicopsia.”
	gseweb.harvard.edu /~t656_web/peace/Articles_Spring_2003/Gigineishvili_Levan_ConflictingNarrativesAbkhaziaGeorgia.htm (1325 words)

	LEVAN ALEXIDZE
		When the Georgian King Vakhtang VI at the beginning of the last century summoned all deputies from all provinces of the former Georgian Kingdom to involve them then in the work of establishing laws— there were deputies from the Abkhazian people that so far faithfully preserved the most ancient Georgian customs.
		Besides, Christian churches, the ruins of various mundain and military constructions speak not the less conspicuously about relations between Abkhazia and Georgia.
	www.osgf.ge /interlaw/b0017%203-levan_alexidze.htm (1325 words)

	TWENTY CENTURIES OF CHRISTIANITY IN GEORGIA
		In 978 Bagrat III, the heir of the title “King of Kartvels (Georgians)” from his paternal line and a descendant of Abkhazian kings from his maternal line, was enthroned in Kutaisi.
		In 298, under the treaty concluded by Rome and Sassanid Persia in Nissibin, the Kartli Kingdom appeared to be under the Roman political control enabling the authorities to acknowledge Christianity.
		King Mirian is the first Christian king, and a preacher of that time is Nino of Cappadocia, born of father Zabilon, a well-known Roman commander, and of mother Susana, the sister of the bishop of Jerusalem.
	www.christianity.ge /en/home.html (5344 words)

	Republic of Georgia
		Abkhazian was within the Principality of Samegrelo (Odishi), and in the 17th century it (Abkhazia) constituted itself as a separate principality headed by the Shervashidzes.
		As is known, at the end of the 15th century, the unified Georgian state disintegrated into four independent states: the Kingdoms of Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti and the Principality of Samtskhe, Abkhazia was part of the Kingdom of Imereti.
		This process of Abkhazianization is well reflected in Georgian - chiefly documentary and foreign written sources.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/georgian/history.html (5344 words)

	Encyclopedia: Abkhazia
		This version of events is strongly contested by Georgian historians (see Lortkipanidze M., The Abkhazians and Abkhazia, Tbilisi 1990) who argue that Georgian tribes (Mingrelians and Svans) populated Abkhazia from ancient times, since the Colchis kingdom.
		According to Georgian scholars modern Abkhazians are the descendants of the North Caucasian tribes (Adygey, Apsua), and are the ones who were moving down to Abkhazia from the North Caucasus mountains throughout the history and merging there with the existing Georgian population.
		Modern Abkhazian historians insist that large areas of the region were left uninhabited, and that many Armenians, Georgians and Russians (all Christians) subsequently migrated to Abkhazia, resettling much of the vacated territory.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Abkhazia (6519 words)

	Joe Bob's America - Abkhazia? Would you mind spelling that, Mr. President?
		They also have a lost kingdom, but it's currently occupied by the Abkhazians and Mingrelians, which are in turn occupied by the Georgians, with the Russians on the way.
		The ancient traditional vestment of the Abkhazian, called the cherkesska, is a belted black coat with long sleeves and a row of cartridge pouches on the chest.
		The Svans have their own language, too, and they're the butts of jokes told by the Mingrelians.
	www.joebobbriggs.com /jbamerica/2002/jba20020412.html (1566 words)

	cda
		Bagrat III had inherited the Abkhazian throne through his maternal line although his father was Georgian.
		It is from this period on that the formation of the United Kingdom of Abkhazia and Kartvel (Georgia) had begun.
		The dynasty of Abkhazia broke off after the death of childless King Feodos and the power passed to his nephew Bagrat III (978-1014).
	www.abkhazia.org /home_opposition.html (1566 words)

	cda
		Bagrat III had inherited the Abkhazian throne through his maternal line although his father was Georgian.
		It is from this period on that the formation of the United Kingdom of Abkhazia and Kartvel (Georgia) had begun.
		The dynasty of Abkhazia broke off after the death of childless King Feodos and the power passed to his nephew Bagrat III (978-1014).
	www.abkhazia.org /home_opposition.html (1566 words)

	psychoceramics: The Luxembourgian Language is Related to Abkhazian and C
		These Races, it should be told, are distantly related to both the Old Iberians, from whom sprang the Basque Race, and to the Great Han peoples of China, the Middle Kingdom.
		Thus are the Luxembourgian people True Mongols, and a separate People from those blond haired, blue eyed peoples who inhabit the neighboring lands of Holland and Germany.
		Stone etchings on the walls of certain caves in Luxembourg support this contention, as does the runic nature of the Ancient Letzeburgisch language, a dialect known to be related to Etruscan.
	dev.null.org /psychoceramics/archives/1996.05/msg00019.html (306 words)

	ReliefWeb » Document Preview » President appoints envoy for Abkhaz conflict resolution issues
		Irakli Alasania will lead the Georgian delegation at the UN-sponsored talks on the Georgian-Abkhazian peace process, which will be held in March in Geneva and will be attended by the UN Secretary General's Group of Friends for Georgia, including France, Germany, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and the United States.
		President Saakashvili appointed Irakli Alasania, chairman of the Tbilisi-based Abkhaz government-in-exile, as his Special Envoy for the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict resolution issues.
		Previously, Georgian State Minister for Conflict Resolution Issues Goga Khaindrava was directly in charge of talks with the Abkhaz side.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/MHII-69P2UA?OpenDocument (306 words)

	Conflicting narratives in Abkhazia and Georgia--Levan Gigineishvili
		In the 8th century, after the weakening of Byzantine power, the Abkhazian Kingdom originated.
		Already in the early 4th century there existed a bishopric of Pitiunt created specifically for the people exiled from Byzantium.
		In the 6th century, the land became a subject of rivalry between Byzantium and Persia.
	gseweb.harvard.edu /~t656_web/peace/Articles_Spring_2003/Gigineishvili_Levan_ConflictingNarrativesAbkhaziaGeorgia.htm (306 words)

	psychoceramics: The Luxembourgian Language is Related to Abkhazian and C
		These Races, it should be told, are distantly related to both the Old Iberians, from whom sprang the Basque Race, and to the Great Han peoples of China, the Middle Kingdom.
		Thus are the Luxembourgian people True Mongols, and a separate People from those blond haired, blue eyed peoples who inhabit the neighboring lands of Holland and Germany.
		In the year 476 Before Christ, a Great Exodus of the paleo-Caucasian Peoples occurred, and they settled in the Green Hills of what is now the Duchy of Luxembourg.
	dev.null.org /psychoceramics/archives/1996.05/msg00019.html (306 words)

	Republic of Georgia
		The meaning of the term "Abkhazian" and "Abkhazia" broadened further from the 10th century, for the title of the king of the unified Georgia began with that of "King of the Abkhazians".
		As is known, at the end of the 15th century, the unified Georgian state disintegrated into four independent states: the Kingdoms of Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti and the Principality of Samtskhe, Abkhazia was part of the Kingdom of Imereti.
		In 1810, the Prince of Abkhazia Georgi (Sapar Beg) Shervashidze adopted Russian citizenship, and in 1864, Russian administration was established here; The Prinsipality of Abkahazia was called the Sukhumi Militarity Department, and from 1883 it was Sukhumi District, under the Governer - General of Kutaisi.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/georgian/history.html (6867 words)

	Abkhazia
		The processes occurring in Abkhazia following the annexation of Georgia by the Russian SFR and the establishment of Soviet power on 25 February 1921 are reflected widely in the speeches and letters of Nestor Lakoba, leader of Abkhazian Bolsheviks.
		As is known, at the end of the 15th century, the unified Georgian state disintegrated into four independent states: the Kingdoms of Kartli, Kakheti, and Imereti and the Principality of Samtskhe, Abkhazia was part of the Kingdom of Imereti.
		Abkhazia (Abkhazeti) is situated in the north-western part of the Gerogia.Abkhazeti is a mountainous country.
	www.parliament.ge /TERRITORY/regions/abkhazia.htm (6867 words)

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