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	Abraham Lincoln Brigade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Abraham Lincoln Brigade was an organization of United States volunteers supporting or fighting for the anti-fascist Spanish Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War as part of the International Brigade.
		The name "brigade" is something of a misnomer, as there were several American battalions organized under the Fifteenth International Brigade of the Spanish Republican army.
		The International Brigade was withdrawn from battle by the Spanish prime minister in spring of 1938.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Brigade (670 words)

	Abe Lincoln Brigade
		To the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, which fought from 1937 through 1938, the defense of the Republic represented the last hope of stopping the spread of international fascism.
		("Lincoln Brigade" is a misnomer originating with an American support organization, Friends of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.) One hundred twenty-five American men and women also served with the American Medical Bureau as nurses, doctors, technicians, and ambulance drivers.
		The Lincolns came from all walks of life, all regions of the country, and included seamen, students, the unemployed, miners, fur workers, lumberjacks, teachers, salesmen, athletes, dancers, and artists.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /~afilreis/88/abe-brigade.html (1104 words)

	Abraham Lincoln Brigade -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Most of the people making up the Abraham Lincoln Brigade were official members of the (Click link for more info and facts about Communist Party USA) Communist Party USA or affiliated with other (A political advocate of socialism) socialist organizations.
		Centered in the town of Figueras, near the (The Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France) French border, the brigade was organized in 1937 and trained by Robert Merriman.
		In the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, however, members of the Brigade were castigated as supporters of the (A former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia an others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991) Soviet Union.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ab/abraham_lincoln_brigade.htm (724 words)

	Abraham Lincoln Brigade Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The name ''Abraham'' was given to Abram (and the name Sarah to Sarai) at the same time as the covenant of circumcision (chapter 17), which is practiced in Judaism and Islam to this day.
		Abraham is considered the father of the Jewish nation, as their first Patriarch, and having a son (Isaac), who in turn begat Jacob, and from there the IsraeliteTwelve Tribes.
		According to the Quran, Abraham reached the conclusion that anything subject to disappearance could not be worthy of worship, and thus became a monotheist (Quran 6:76-83.) As in Jewish tradition, Abraham's father (named Azar in Islam) was an idol-maker, and Abraham broke his idols, calling on his community to worship God instead.
	www.echostatic.com /Abraham_Lincoln_Brigade.html (3269 words)

	Abraham Lincoln Brigade
		The Abraham Lincoln Brigade was a loose organization of American volunteers supporting or fighting for the anti-fascist forces in the Spanish Civil War.
		The George Washington Battalion, Abraham Lincoln Battalion, and John Brown Battalion were the American contingent.
		Most of the people making up the Abraham Lincoln Brigade were official members of the Communist Party or affiliated with other socialist organizations.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/abraham_lincoln_brigade (502 words)

	CLARENCE M. FORESTER: An Inventory of His Papers
		Photocopies of photographs, military documents, menus, and newspaper clippings of a Minnesota volunteer in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade of the Spanish Republican Army during the Spanish Civil War; and photographs and news clippings of a 1996 reunion of Brigade veterans in Spain.
		In 1937-1938 Forester was a member of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, a group of 2700 American volunteers who fought in the Spanish Civil War for the Loyalist government against a military insurgency led by General Francisco Franco.
		In November 1996 Forester and 380 International Brigade volunteers, including 70 members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, traveled to Spain as guests of the Spanish government on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the formation of the International Brigade and as a tribute to their unsuccessful struggle to defend the Spanish Republic against fascism.
	www.mnhs.org /library/findaids/P1822.html (801 words)

	Untitled Document
		Edwin Rolfe, The Lincoln Battalion (New York, Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, 1939), p.
		And so you came to think of something Abraham Lincoln had said: "The strongest bond of human sympathy, outside of the family relation, should be one of uniting all working people, of all nations, and tongues, and kindreds."
		He had trudged the mile or more from brigade headquarters to the battalion and arrived, neat and almost spotless in his new soldier's clothes, with a brand-new rucksack in which he carried, among some other articles, a French grammar, a Spanish-English dictionary and grammar and a copy of Red Star Over China.
	www.macalester.edu /courses/hist90/six.html (1202 words)

	The New American - Victory in the Granite State - March 26, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A move to commemorate the Communist-led Abraham Lincoln Brigade with a plaque in the New Hampshire state house was stopped by a groundswell of principled opposition.
		Partisans of the ALB in New Hampshire thought they had stolen a march on potential opposition in 2000, when the state legislature’s Joint Historical Committee voted to purchase the plaque for display in the capitol building’s hall of flags.
		Referring to the ALB veterans, Carroll said: "These people were truly pre-mature anti-fascists" — a curious tribute, given that the expression is a Communist term of art used to describe those who opposed the Axis before being instructed by the Soviets to do so.
	www.thenewamerican.com /tna/2001/03-26-2001/vo17no07_granite.htm (1693 words)

	Spanish Civil War: Lincoln Brigade? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ed Eisen wrote:"Originally the American contingent to Spain was divided into two battalion, the Abraham Lincoln Battalion and the George Washington Battalion.
		As far as I can gather, within the ranks of the International Brigade, the Abraham Lincoln continued to be considered a battalion.
		Merriman strongly suggests that the name Lincoln Brigade was adopted outside Spain to enhance the unit's reputation and to make it easier to collect money and other support during drives in the US".
	stanford.edu /group/wais/Spain/spain_civilwarlincolnbrigade21603.html (270 words)

	The Myth of “Premature Anti-Fascism” (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In this narrative, the American volunteers of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade confronted the fascist menace in 1937, years before the outbreak of World War II finally roused the American government and the public from the torpor of isolationism and appeasement.
		The Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, led by Milton Wolff, tacked in parallel with the CPUSA and opposed all assistance to the anti-Nazi belligerents.
		Peter Carroll currently serves as chairman of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives (housed at New York University), a project that combines research on the ALB with hagiography and efforts to honor Brigade veterans.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/Printable.asp?ID=3089 (3838 words)

	abrahamlincoln
		Lincolns and the Republican military, fighting with inadequate weaponry, could not withstand the forces allied against them.
		Lincolns in particular were hit hard by the repressive Subversive Activities Control Board, the Smith Act, and state sedition
		Lincoln Brigade commands attention as a unique example of prescient, radical, and selfless action in the cause of international
	www.usm.maine.edu /~jkuenz/391/webpages/abrahamlincoln.html (1075 words)

	abraham lincoln (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Abraham Lincoln was born Sunday, February 12, 1809, in a log cabin near Hodgenville, Kentucky...
		Abraham Lincoln is remembered for his vital role as the leader in preserving the Union...
		Lincoln is cheered by a Wide Awakes parade which passes by his home in Springfield, Illinois.
	www.goinginto.com /find?keywords=abraham+lincoln (564 words)

	Progressive, The: PINOCHET, AND ME the Lincoln Brigade - prospects of Augusto Pinochet's extradition to Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But it must be particularly satisfying to the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, who watched Francisco Franco die in his bed without ever having been held accountable.
		What a wonderful gift to Lincoln Brigade Veterans at the end of their lives: some measure of justice in a century that has been woefully remiss in bringing dictators and mass murderers to trial.
		For me, in 1951, the existence of the Lincoln Brigade did not work merely as a legendary story of heroism, of men and women willing to give their lives for the cause of democracy while their governments stood by and watched the Republic bleed to death.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1295/is_5_63/ai_54468922 (1298 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Brigade veterans thus note proudly that they fought the fascist threat years before World War 11, in which many of them also went on to fight, and many trace their activism onward in a straight line that led to the civilrights struggles of the 1960's and opposition to the Vietnam War.
		But because the brigades were largely organized by Sovietbacked Communist organizations, the American Government used the term "premature antifascists" to describe them, and many wound up dogged by harassment into the 1960's that cost them their jobs and passports.
		How the brigade memorial wound up in Seattle is in part a story of efforts forts by two brigade veterans who live here, Abe Osheroff and Bob Reed, and of a professor of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of Washington, Tony Geist, who lobbied the university's architectural committee for the privately financed memorial.
	www.fordhamprep.com /english/blcklstv.doc (1082 words)

	Heyday Books: The Front Lines of Social Change: Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade
		During the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), close to three thousand young, idealistic Americans formed the Abraham Lincoln Brigade and joined thirty-&Mac222;ve thousand people from around the world in the &Mac222;ght against Franco’s fascists, who were supported by Hitler and Mussolini.
		Surviving members of this group have since formed the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade and, over the last sixty years, most have participated in virtually every progressive social movement in America.
		Richard Bermack is a documentary photographer, labor journalist, and writer who began photographing members of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade twenty years ago at events and rallies.
	www.heydaybooks.com /public/books/flsc.html (268 words)

	Milton Wolff: Another Hill reviews
		Gritty realism and an eye for political complexity mark this interesting first novel by Wolff, who was the last commander of the Lincoln Brigade, comprised of American volunteers, mostly Communists, who fought Franco's fascist troops in the Spanish Civil War from 1937 to 1939.
		In the 55 years since the Lincolns left Spain, [Milton Wolff] has been a tireless crusader for peace and civil rights, as well as an ardent advocate in numerous causes and capacities for the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
		Interwoven with the tale of the two men are details of major battles, including the heroism as well as the doubts of the volunteers, the strength of commitment, and unblinking accounts of desertion, the execution of fascist prisoners, and fl-market operations.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/karlahuebner/milt/miltrevs.htm (901 words)

	Oakland: Photographer's book chronicles fights, idealism of lifelong protesters
		Some of the 50 surviving Lincolns, about a dozen of whom live on the West Coast, are scheduled to attend.
		Lincolns living in the Bay Area include Milt Wolff of El Cerrito, the brigade's last living commander in Spain and a war buddy of Ernest Hemingway's.
		The Communist Party USA formed three North American battalions and combined them to create the 2,700-strong Lincoln brigade, which itself was part of an international force of 40,000 fighting for the republican side.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/02/25/EBG7EBD23S1.DTL (889 words)

	NYU Today News: NYU acquires archive of Abraham Lincoln Brigade
		The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archive (ALBA), recently acquired by New York University with the help of a private donor, is the most comprehensive historical archive documenting the involvement of North American volunteers in the Spanish Civil War.
		ALBA, which will be housed in NYU's Tamiment Library, comprises personal papers of the veterans of the conflict and documents not only the wartime experiences of the volunteers but also the stories of their lives, from their cultural and political backgrounds to the contributions they made in the decades that followed the war.
		Peter Carroll, chair of ALBA's board of governors and author of The Odyssey of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, said, "The decision to transfer our entire Spanish Civil War archive holdings to NYU is the most important decision we've made in the 22-year history of our organization.
	www.nyu.edu /nyutoday/archives/14/09/alb.nyu (732 words)

	ADB
		Lincoln Brigade (ALB) was postponed pending a legislative
		Brigade, and nearly half of them lie buried in Spanish soil.
		ALB, for the purpose of maintaining the political reliability of
	www.network54.com /Forum/message?forumid=4227&messageid=983930511 (903 words)

	The myth of "premature anti-fascism" by Harvey Klehr & John E. Haynes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An often-cited part of the story is that the veterans of the Lincoln Brigade, rather than being hailed for the prescience of their antifascism, were given the pejorative label “premature antifascist” and punished by an American government even then blinded by hatred of communism.
		Although he is a professionally trained historian and author of several widely used American history textbooks, Carroll does not use the usual scholarly apparatus for documenting material in his book, and it is difficult to identify clearly the source for this story.
		The Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, led by Milton Wolff, tacked in parallel with the
	www.newcriterion.com /archive/21/sept02/spain.htm (3919 words)

	Abraham Lincoln Presidntial Museum Bibliography
		The books and articles listed here were important research tools used by BRC Imagination Arts in creating the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Museum Visitor Experience.
		Lincoln in the Telegraph Office – Recollections of the United States Military Telegraph Corps during the Civil War.
		Abraham Lincoln, His Life, Public Services, Deathe and Great Funearl Cortege, with a History and Description of the National Lincoln Monument.
	www.lincolnlibraryandmuseum.com /bib.htm (1052 words)

	AIM Report - December A, 1986
		Within months after the surviving members of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade returned home, where those who had not strayed from the party line were treated as heroes by the Communist party cadres, they were put to a severe test.
		Salinger said this was enough "to clearly establish the Soviet and Communist participation in the Abraham Lincoln Battalion." He claimed that Steve Nelson had been adequately identified as a Communist.
		To suggest that the average viewer would catch the words "Commissar, Lincoln Battalion" superimposed on Nelson's picture and immediately understand that this man was a high official of the Communist Party for most of his life is fatuous.
	www.aim.org /publications/aim_report/1986/12a.html (4604 words)

	In the Wrong Place at the Wrong Time
		The American division of the group was the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
		Their dedication to freedom and democracy is an inspiration to future generations." Fortunately, a last minute effort by local citizens took down the plaque, but this is a usual occurrence with similar plaques in Washington and Wisconsin already existing and others being pushed through other state assemblies.
		It is true, they say, that Spanish Republicans were involved in atrocities, but the Abraham Lincoln Brigade consisted of idealistic youths that genuinely wanted to fight fascism.
	www.lewrockwell.com /orig/epstein3.html (1020 words)

	Science and Society: OVERVIEW PAGE
		The two final battles of his political life centered around opposition to the Vietnam war and the attempt to save the environment from the many threats it faced and still faces, not the least of which is the vast arsenal of nuclear weapons.
		In the forefront of the opposition to the war, Colodny wrote a powerful pamphlet, Spain and Vietnam, published and distributed by the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, his comrades from the Spanish conflict three decades earlier.
		In it he drew parallels with the struggles of the Spanish peasantry that underlay the 1936-39 war in Spain and the grievances of the Vietnamese peasantry, first against French imperialism and then against the oppressive regimes, bloodshed and environmental destruction that the Americans brought to Southeast Asia (Colodny, 1967b).
	www.scienceandsociety.com /editorial2_fall04.html (1290 words)

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