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	Abraham Zacuto - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Zacuto was born in Salamanca, Spain circa 1450.
		Zacuto would be one of the few who managed to flee Portugal during the forced conversions and prohibitions of departure that Manuel II enacted, in order to keep the jews in Portugal as nominal christians for foreign policy reasons.
		Abraham Zacuto perfected the Astrolabe, which only then became an instrument of precision, and he was the author of the highly accurate astronomical tables that were used by ship captains to determine the position of their portuguese caravel in high seas, through calculations on data acquired with an Astrolabe.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Abraham_Zacuto (441 words)

	Abraham Zacuto - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Abraham Zacuto (אברהם זכות) (portuguese: Abraão ben Samuel Zacuto) was a Spanish astronomer, mathematician and historian who served as Royal Astronomer in the 15th Century to King John II of Portugal.
		Zacuto was born in Salamanca, Spain circa 1450.
		Abraham Zacuto perfected the Astrolabe, which only then became an instrument of precision, and he was the author of the highly accurate astronomical tables that were used by ship captains to determine the position of their portuguese caravel in high seas, through calculations on data acquired with an Astrolabe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abraham_Zacuto (463 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - ZACUTO, ABRAHAM BEN SAMUEL:
		The great services rendered by Zacuto did not protect him, however, from the persecutions inaugurated by Manuel at the instigation of Ferdinand and Isabella; and he and his son Samuel were forced to seek safety in flight.
		After an eventful voyage in which he was twice taken prisoner, Zacuto reached Tunis, where he lived until the Spanish invasion, when he fled to Turkey, residing there for the remainder of his life.
		In like manner space is given to the Babylonian captivity, the events which occurred during the period of the Second Temple, the characteristics of that period, the princes of the Captivity, and the rectors of the academies of Sura and Pumbedita.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=7&letter=Z (324 words)

	Abraham ben Elijah of Vilna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While Abraham of Wilna shows greater interest in literature and literary questions than is found among his contemporaries, he has no idea of the meaning of literary criticism.
		Abraham's interest in secular knowledge, quite rare in his environment, is also manifest in the writing of a Hebrew geography, "Gebulot Ereẓ," published anonymously, Berlin, 1821.
		Abraham of Vilna was very much interested in Talmudic philology and archeology; but while very industrious and well versed in rabbinical literature, he betrays a lack of secular knowledge.
	www.pole.ws /nph-proxy.pl/010110A/http/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_ben_Elijah_of_Wilna (723 words)

	Rabbi Abraham Zacuto - Early Achronim
		The family of the Zacutos belonged to the Jewish nobility, and the young Abraham was given every opportunity to acquire a thorough Jewish education under the guidance of the famous Rabbi Isaac Aboab, with whom he later emigrated to Portugal.
		Rabbi Abraham Zacuto's Almanac was a concise calendar of the constellations of the seven planets.
		Because Rabbi Abraham Zacuto supported it at the court with all his influence and persuasion, Vasco de Gama was finally commissioned to undertake his trip.
	www.chabad.org /article.asp?aid=111917 (2351 words)

	Zacuto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Thus Abraham Zacuto Lusitano (or Lusitanus) was born in Lisbon in 1575, studied medicine in the Universities of Coimbra and Salamanca, moved to Amsterdam in 1625 and became a famous doctor and Rabbi before dying on New Year's Day 1642.
		Abraham Zacuto went with many other exiles to Africa and settled in Tunis, there was “a big community, wealthy people and great believers in the tradition [Kabbalah] of Torah.”[22] Among the Portuguese exiles in Tunis, there was R. Moses Alaskar as well.
		Abraham Zacuto stayed in Tunis for a few years but apparently he could not find peace for his soul and left for the Middle East, to Turkey and at the end of his days to Syria and to Land of Israel.
	www.zacuto.org (6710 words)

	Abraham Zacuto: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Zacuto was born in Salamanca Salamanca quick summary:
		Zacuto would be one of the few who managed to flee Portugal during the forced conversions and prohibitions of departure that Manuel II enacted, EHandler: no quick summary.
		The astrolabe was invented by hypatia of alexandria and was the chief navigational instrument until the 16th century (when the sextant was invented)....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ab/abraham_zacuto.htm (1159 words)

	abraham zacuto - Information from Reference.com
		Descendants of Abraham Zacuto, mapmaker for Christopher Columbus, as compiled by
		Before the Expulsion, Abraham Zacuto was forced to leave his native Spain.
		ZACUTO, Abraham (1452-1515) Spanish astronomer - Sierra Leone 910...
	www.reference.com /search?q=abraham%20zacuto&db=web (209 words)

	This first English translation of the great Hebrew classic, the medieval history of Jews by Rabbi Abraham Zacuto, made ...
		Abraham Zacuto also improved the astrolabe and made it of copper instead of previously used wooden astrolabes that were not precise enough.
		Abraham Zacuto wrote about it: 'I have been in the kingdom of Spain and in other Christian kingdoms when my books on Astronomy were published, and people said ' R. Abraham Zacuto of Salamanca.
		Abraham Zacuto stayed in Tunis for a few years, but apparently he could not find peace for his soul and left for the Middle East, to Turkey and in the end of his days to Syria.
	tree.beck.org.il /zac/yohassin.htm (19169 words)

	Astrolabe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first printed book on the astrolabe was Composition and Use of Astrolabe by Cristannus de Prachaticz, also using Messahalla, but relatively original.
		The first known European metal astrolabe was developed in the 15th Century by Abraham Zacuto in Lisbon.
		Metal astrolabes improved on the accuracy of their wooden precursors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Astrolabe (681 words)

	Science in Portugal - Characters
		Abraham bar Samuel Abraham Zacut, known in Portugal as Abraão Zacuto, is thought to have been born in Salamanca in the mid-fifteenth century, where it is believed that he taught astrology and astronomy –; as is known, at the time these two subjects were intermixed.
		Zacuto sought refuge in Tunes, in the North of Africa, having then moved on to Turkey.
		Abraham Zacut was an astrologist and astronomer of renowned reputation even before moving to Portugal.
	www.instituto-camoes.pt /cvc/ciencia_eng/p29.html (1057 words)

	Between the Lines, Library of the Jewish Theological Seminary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Zacuto's astronomical findings played an important role in the Spanish and Portuguese discoveries at the end of the fifteenth and beginning of the sixteenth centuries, including the discoveries of Columbus, who used Zacuto's tables on his voyages.
		Columbus learned from Zacuto's tables of an approaching lunar eclipse and threatened the natives of Jamaica that he would deprive them of the light of the moon as well as of the sun.
		Abraham Zacuto (1452-1515) was born to French Jewish exiles who had come to Castile in 1306.
	www.jtsa.edu /library/friends/btl/btl_16_2.shtml (2373 words)

	Vicente Cassanya Astrología Horóscopos Pronósticos y Cartas Astrales
		En 1492 Abraham Zacuto fue uno de los ciento veinte mil judíos que se vieron obligados a emigrar de España y buscaron refugio en Portugal, debido al edicto de expulsión que dictaron los Reyes Católicos contra los judíos.
		Zacuto alentó a Colón a perseguir su sueño e incluso le aconsejó que lo intentara una vez más cuando Isabel y Fernando le dieron un no por respuesta en su primera audiencia.
		Zacuto siguió aconsejando a Colón hasta la salida de su expedición de Palos, que fue el viernes 3 de agosto de 1492.
	www.cassanya.com /articulo/articulo.php?seccion=1&articulo=23 (496 words)

	Glimpses of Sephardic Astronomers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		He was Haham Abraham Zacuto, who developed his reputation while teaching astronomy and mathematics at the University of Salamanca (Castile).
		Zacuto's donation to the study of the stars is best remembered by his development of the copper astrolabe, replacing the less efficient wood instruments.
		Abraham Zacuto's reputation was known in Portugal where King Joao II (who had an interest in astronomy) provided him with a university professorship.
	www.alfassa.com /astronomers.html (2264 words)

	Haven (From Haven to Home: 350 Years of Jewish Life in America, A Library of Congress Exhibition)
		These tables prepared by astronomer and rabbi, Abraham Zacuto, were published in 1496 by the last of the Jewish printers in Portugal, Abraham Orta, one year before the Jews were expelled.
		Christopher Columbus is reported to have used astronomical tables prepared by Zacuto on his journeys of exploration.
		The author, Abraham Farissol, informs the reader of "the three areas of habitation, Asia, Africa and Europe.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/haventohome/haven-haven.html (3128 words)

	Abraham Zacuto
		I was overjoyed and thanked the Lord because the Book of Lineage by Abraham Zacuto recently arrived in Italy, printed by the esteemed notables of Constantinople.
		Hebrew astronomers, like Abraham Zacuto, who the explorer Vasco Da Gama had consulted seeking a sea route to India around Africa, furnished the celestial time tables.
		Abraham Zacuto (1452-c.1515) Before the Expulsion, Abraham Zacuto was forced to leave his native Spain.
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/Abraham_Zacuto (323 words)

	Portugal's Jewish History - Tour Packages from Portal Tourism
		Abraham de Beja, greatly impressed King Joăo II (1481-1495) by his knowledge of languages and with José Sapateiro, who was also a Jew, was sent on a voyage to the East.
		The role of Jewish scientists and men of letters in the period of the Great Discoveries is particularly well represented by the work of Mestre Abraham Zacuto, a native of Castille, who lived in Portugal in 1473.
		He was the author of the famous, “Almanach Perpetuum,” published in Leiria in 1496, which was the basic foundation of Portuguese navigation at the end of the 15 th and beginning of the 16 th centuries.
	www.jewishportugal.org /discoveries.html (381 words)

	The Jews of Portugal
		The astrolabe was perfected by the astronomer Abraham Zacuto, who fled from Spain to Portugal in 1492 and was immediately appointed court astronomer.
		Zacuto personally instructed Vasco da Gama’s sailors in the use of the astrolabe and his maritime charts before they made their first voyage to India.
		The building is now home to the Abraham Zacuto Luso-Hebraic Museum, which houses an eclectic collection of cornerstones and tombstones, ritual objects, paintings and testimonials from visitors.
	www.saudades.org /Jews_Portugal.htm (2303 words)

	Judaic Treasures of the Library of Congress: Columbus Sets Sail
		Zacuto prepared the charts used by Vasco da Gama on his successful journey to India, but his high position and contribution to Portuguese imperial expansion availed him little when, in 1497, the Jews in Portugal were forced to convert, and he was forced once again to flee.
		The astronomical tables of the astronomer and rabbi, Abraham Zacuto, published by the last of the Jewish printers in Portugal, Abraham Orta, one year before the Jews were expelled.
		Source: Abraham J. Karp, From the Ends of the Earth: Judaic Treasures of the Library of Congress, (DC: Library of Congress, 1991).
	www.us-israel.org /jsource/loc/loc12a.html (687 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It was just 500 years ago, in 1486, that the famed explorer first met with Spain's King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to seek their support for his voyage then envisioned as a means of finding a new and shorter route to India.
		Zacuto was one of the leading scientists of his day.
		This is the 18th in a series of medals issued annually since 1969 by the Judah L. Magnes Memorial Museum of Berkeley, Calif., a nonprofit institution that calls itself "The Jewish Museum of the West." The new medal is being struck in antique bronze, pure silver and 10-karat gold.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~columbus/data/art/REITER01.ART (540 words)

	Christopher Columbus' Voyage of Discovery
		He is credited with constructing the first metal astrolabe as well as the development of astronomical tables that gave the exact hours for the rising of the planets and fixed stars.
		Zacuto met Columbus prior to his first voyage and endorsed the venture, but considered the expedition to be an extremely hazardous undertaking.
		Abraham Senior, who had served the Catholic majesties so faithfully for many years, was at first given permission to leave Spain with whatever personal possessions he wished to take along with him.
	www.saudades.org /ccolumbusvoyage.html (3802 words)

	Abraham Zacuto: Encyclopedia - Abraham Zacuto
		Abraham Zacuto (אברהם זכות) (portuguese: Abraão ben Samuel Zacuto) was a Jewish astronomer, mathematician and historian who served as Royal Astronomer in the 15th Century to King John II of Portugal.
		Abraham Zacuto, Abraham Zacuto - Life, Abraham Zacuto - Work
		Already famous in academic circles, he was invited to court and nominated Royal Astronomer and Historian by King João II, a position which he held until the early reign of Manuel I. He was consulted by the King on the possibility of a sea route to India, a project which he supported and encouraged.
	www.experiencefestival.com /a/Abraham_Zacuto/id/413230 (571 words)

	The Synagogue of Tomar, Portugal
		A well, half covered by a more recent wall, has been discovered in the patio behind the mikveh, its edge bears deep cuts from ropes.
		The building of the synagogue houses the Museu Luso-Hebraico Abraham Zacuto (the Abraham Zacuto Portuguese Jewish Museum).
		Named after Abraham Zacuto (c.1450-c.1522), a mathematician and author of the celebrated Almanach Perpetuum, a book published in Leiria in 1496 that contains mathematical tables largely used by Portuguese navigators during the early 16th century and beyond.
	www.bh.org.il /Communities/Synagogue/Tomar.asp (979 words)

	JewishGates.Com - The Definitive Source for Talmudic Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Queen was the heiress to the throne, and the King one of the Spanish nobility.
		On account of this, Don Abraham was appointed leader of the Jews, but not with their consent.
		A Jew in the kingdom of Tlemçen, named Abraham, the viceroy who ruled the kingdom, made part of them come to this kingdom, and he spent a large amount of money to help them.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=6 (1264 words)

	Jewish Astronomy in Sefarad (Spain)
		Abraham Ibn Ezra (1089-1164) of Tudela in Navarre [12], was a wandering scholar who also issued astronomical tables and wrote treatises on mathematics and intercalation.
		The last Jewish astronomer in Spain to have a large crater on the Moon named after him is Abraham Zacuto (1452-1515), who studied at the University of Salamanca and later became a Professor of Astronomy [21].
		The story is that on one of his voyages, when attacked by the natives, Columbus noted that Zacuto had predicted an eclipse for that day, and used this information to threaten the natives and convince them that he could extinguish the Sun and Moon and deprive them of all light.
	wise-obs.tau.ac.il /judaism/sefarad.html (3574 words)

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