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	Abram Ioffe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (Абра́м Фёдорович Ио́ффе, October 29, 1880 (new style) – October 14, 1960) was a prominent Soviet/Russian physicist.
		Ioffe's pedagogical efforts resulted in the Soviet school of physics, his students include Aleksandr Aleksandrov, Yakov Dorfman, Pyotr Kapitsa, Isaak Kikoin, Igor Kurchatov, Yakov Frenkel, Nikolay Semyonov, Lev Artsimovich and others.
		During the Stalin's campaign against the so-called rootless cosmopolitans, in 1950 Ioffe was fired from his position of the Director of Institute and from the Board of Directors.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abram_Ioffe (298 words)

	Citizen Kurchatov - Ioffe
		Ioffe was born into a middle-class Jewish family in the Ukraine in 1880.
		In Russia, Ioffe had a difficult time because he opposed the Tsar and because of his Jewish heritage.
		Ioffe was a leading force in advancing physics in Russia, and was responsible for building research laboratories for radioactivity and nuclear physics.
	www.pbs.org /opb/citizenk/secrets/ioffe.html (173 words)

	Abram Fedorovich Ioffe -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In 1905 Ioffe obtained (An American doctorate usually based on at least 3 years graduate study and a dissertation; the highest degree awarded by a graduate school) Ph.D. from (Click link for more info and facts about Munich University) Munich University.
		After 1906 Ioffe worked in the (A city in the European part of Russia; 2nd largest Russian city; located at the head of the Gulf of Finland; former capital of Russia) St.
		In 1911 Ioffe converted to (Teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone) Lutheranism.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/A/Ab/Abram_Fedorovich_Ioffe.htm (322 words)

	Abram Fedorovich Ioffe - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Abram Fedorovich Ioffe - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Abram Fedorovich Ioffe.
		Born to a middle-class Jewish family in small town of Romny, Russian Empire (now in Sumy region, Ukraine), after graduation in (1902) from St. Petersburg Technological Institute he worked for two years as an assistant to famous Wilhelm Roentgen in his Munich laboratory.
		After 1906 Ioffe worked in the St. Petersburg (from 1924 Leningrad) Politechnical Institute, where later became a professor.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Abram-Fedorovich-Ioffe.html (371 words)

	Igor Vasilevich Kurchatov. Who is Igor Vasilevich Kurchatov? What is Igor Vasilevich Kurchatov? Where is Igor ...
		In 1925 he moved to the Physicotechnical Institute, where he worked (under Abram Fedorovich Ioffe) on various problems connected with radioactivity.
		In 1943 the NKVD obtained a copy of a secret British report concerning the feasability of atomic weapons, which led Stalin to order the commencement of a Soviet programme (albeit with very limited resources).
		Ioffe recommended Kurchatov to Molotov, and Kurchatov was appointed director of the nascent programme later that year.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Igor_Vasilevich_Kurchatov (421 words)

	Abram F. Ioffe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The leading representatives of this school formed the core of the State Institute for Roentgenology and Radiology, one of the first research centres of Russia, established by A. Ioffe in 1918.
		It is difficult to overestimate Ioffe's contribution to the organization of a network of physical institutes in the former USSR (more than 20 institutes have originated from the Physico-Technical Institute) and to the development of a new educational system.
		In 1919 Ioffe established in the Polytechnical Institute a Physico-Mechanical Department for teaching students not only pure but applied physics too.
	www.ioffe.rssi.ru /ioffe.html (259 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ioffe (crater) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Ioffe is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon.
		It lies to the south of the Hertzsprung walled-plain, and is attached to the southwestern outer rim of Fridman crater.
		Only a short stretch of terrain separates Ioffe from Belopol'skiy crater to the southeast.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ioffe-%28crater%29 (489 words)

	Physicist / Astronomer I
		Ioffe, a Russian physicist, founded and headed for many years one of the major physical schools of the former USSR.
		Abram Ioffe nominated Igor Kurchatov as the leader of nuclear research.
		By the 1950's, Ioffe and his colleagues had developed the theory of thermoelectric conversion, which forms the basis of all modern thermoelectric theory.
	www.mlahanas.de /Stamps/Data/PHPerson/I.htm (225 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend
		Ioffe, who recognized the scientific value of such research, was fully supportive.
		He knew, though, that it would be very difficult to convince the ignorant Party bosses of Leningrad that such a research lab would serve the cause of building socialism as atomic physics seemed at that time to be a purely scientific exploration without prospects of a practical use in the near future.
		Ioffe decided to organize the atomic research lab for which several rooms were to be assigned.
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=4072338&postID=95125333 (456 words)

	Abram Fedorovich Ioffe [Pictures and Photos of]
		Ioffe Abram B1 Anna Vassilievna Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich Ioffe
		Ioffe Abram C1 Anna Vassilievna Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich Ioffe
		Ioffe Abram C2 Anna Vassilievna Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich Ioffe
	www.aip.org /history/esva/catalog/esva/Ioffe_Fedorovich.html (256 words)

	Abram F. Ioffe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Abram Fedorovich Ioffe, an outstanding Russian physicist who founded and headed for many years one of the major physical schools of the former USSR.
		The main scientific achievements of Ioffe relate to crystal physics (electrical, photoelectrical and mechanical properties) and X-ray structural analysis.
		This field has become one of the leading directions of research at the Ioffe Institute.
	www.ioffe.spb.ru /ioffe.html (259 words)

	Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (' ', de octubre el 29 de 1880 (nuevo estilo) - de octubre el 14 de 1960) era físico prominente de Soviet/Russian.
		Ioffe rechazó una oferta del trabajo de ordenar el proyecto soviético para construir la bomba nuclear.
		Los esfuerzos pedagógicos de Ioffe dieron lugar a la escuela soviética de la física, sus estudiantes incluyen Aleksandr Aleksandrov, Yakov Dorfman, Pyotr Kapitsa, Isaak Kikoin, Igor Kurchatov, Yakov Frenkel, Nikolay Semyonov, lev Artsimovich y otros.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/ab/Abram%20Fedorovich%20Ioffe.htm (361 words)

	a n t i a t o m. r u -- Chernobyl Disaster Ruined People's Confidence in Nuclear Power (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (an outstanding Russian physicist who founded and headed for many years one of the major physical schools of the former USSR) paid attention to student Alexandrov's work.
		Ioffe offered him to move over to Leningrad in order to deal with non-conductor studies there.
		It was very dangerous to stand up for such a person as Abram Ioffe back in those years.
	www.antiatom.ru /entext/030211.htm (1262 words)

	Thermoelectrics Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		However, it enjoyed its practical application in the middle of the XX century, 130 years later after its discovery thanks to the research work of Soviet academician Abram Ioffe.
		As mentioned before, the outstanding Russian scientist, great expert in physics, academician Abram Ioffe was one of the primary investigators of thermoelectric phenomenon (1880-1960).
		Kryotherm carries on traditions founded by Abram Ioffe and his research institute.
	www.kryotherm.ru /history_spr.html (800 words)

	holloway
		Beginning with Abram Ioffe as a sort of model for patriotic Soviet science in the 1920s and 1930s, Holloway examines the inherent contradictions between scientific development and intense government control.
		Ioffe, though educated in Germany and offered positions in the West, returned to Russia because he considered it his patriotic duty to help the cause of Soviet science.
		Resolving the conflicts between Stalin’s distrust of Soviet scientists like Ioffe (who were widely considered to be “backward” compared to Western scientists) and his patriotic zeal for his country’s need to “catch up and surpass” technology in the West remains a puzzle.
	vi.uh.edu /pages/buzzmat/holloway.htm (1381 words)

	IOFFE PHYSICO-TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		At different periods the position of the Director of the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute was held by many famous scientists: A. Komar (1950–1957), B. Konstantinov (1957–1967), V. Tuchkevich (1967–1987), Zh.
		Ioffe Institute is by right considered to be a cradle of contemporary national physics: here, the future Nobel Prize winners N. Semenov, L. Landau, and P. Kapitsa began their careers in physics and the world-famous scientists A. Aleksandrov, E. Gross, Ya.
		The works performed at Ioffe Institute were merited with prestigious international scientific awards, including the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (N. Semenov, 1956) and the Nobel Prize in Physics awarded in 2000 to the present director of the Institute, Zh.
	spbrc.nw.ru /!english/org/fti.htm (1728 words)

	Deborin, Abram Moiseyevich -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Garfield, James A. Born in a log cabin, James Abram Garfield rose by his own efforts to become a college president, a major general in the Civil War, a leader in Congress, and finally president of the United States.
		James Abram Garfield was born in Orange Township, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, Nov. 19, 1831.
		Abram married Eliza Ballou and Amos married her sister, Alpha.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9029663 (549 words)

	[No title]
		As the physicist Abram Ioffe commented in August 1936, the attitude was one of "catch up and overtake," rather than innovation.
		Ioffe's institute was called the Physicotechnical Institute (Institute of Physics and Technology) or more commonly, "Fiztekh." In the first ten years of its existence it focused on high-voltage electricity.
		Abram Ioffe had learned of the fission experiments conducted by Otto Hahn and explained by Lise Meitner and Otto Frisch in a letter from Frederic Joliot-Curie in January 1939.
	www.periclespress.com /Russia_atomic.html (15217 words)

	Welcome to the Ioffe Institute!
		It was founded in 1918 and run for several decades by Abram F. Ioffe.
		The Ioffe Institute is a founder of the four physical journals: "Fizika Tverdogo Tela", "Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov", Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki and Pis'ma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki.
		The Ioffe has been traditionally paying particular attention to the development of its own unique system of personal training for the institute is developed.
	www.ioffe.rssi.ru (358 words)

	Compound Semiconductors Online - Archive
		Ioffe Institute was named for an academician Abram F. Ioffe and belongs to the Russian Academy of Science.
		The website location for the Ioffe Institute is www.ioffe.rssi.ru/ but the site unfortunately does not yet have as much posted on its compound semiconductor work as we might like to see.
		Since Abram Ioffe's time, there is a close cooperation between the Ioffe Institute and St. Petersburg State.
	www.compoundsemi.com /documents/view/generic.php3?id=559 (1740 words)

	Alibris: Ioffe
		Nadezhda Joffe is the daughter of Adolf Abramovich Joffe, the Bolshevik leader & Left Oppositionist who committed suicide in 1927 to protest the expulsion of Leon Trotsky from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		Ioffe and Nefedova provide a geographical perspective of Russia in modern times.
		This is one of two volumes containing the refereed proceedings of the international conference on Calculus of Variations and Related Topics held at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in March 1998.
	www.alibris.com /search/books/author/Ioffe (639 words)

	Compound Semiconductor - Products
		Riber is pleased to announce that the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, has purchased a Compact 21 T system.
		The Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy is one of Russia's largest institutions for research in physics and technology, and employs a staff of 1,300 researchers.
		Founded in 1918 in St Petersburg, it was run for several decades by Abram Ioffe, the outstanding scholar and organizer.
	www.compoundsemiconductor.net /press/5117 (204 words)

	[No title]
		The prize was awarded for work done in Distinguished Scientist Joseph Macek’s theoretical physics group at UT and in Dr. Gordeev's experimental group at the Ioffe Institute in Russia.
		The Ioffe Institute, founded in 1918 by Abram F. Ioffe, is one of Russia's largest institutions for research in physics and technology.
		The institute is affiliated with the Russian Academy of Sciences and awards three top prizes: the Ioffe, the Frenkel, and the Konstantinov awards.
	www.phys.utk.edu /news/2004/news_11102004_ovichinnikov.html (216 words)

	NanoMaker: 30-31st May, 2005. Workshop at the Ioffe Physics & Technical Institute, RAS
		The Seminar will be followed by the Case Study presented by Nashchekin A. V., researcher at the Laboratory "Characterization of materials and structures of the Solid State electronics" of the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, RAS.
		The Ioffe Institute is one of Russia's largest institutions for research in physics and technology with a wide variety of operating projects.
		It was founded in 1918 and run for several decades by Abram F. Ioffe.The Institute is affiliated with the Russian Academy of Sciences.
	www.nanomaker.ru /home.asp?artId=58 (207 words)

	Zhores I. Alferov - Autobiography
		I did not know that Academician Ioffe was dismissed and left the Institute of which the director he had been for thirty years.
		In 1987, I was elected director of the Ioffe Institute, in 1989, president of the Leningrad Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR; and in April 1990, Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
		The Physico-Technical Special Secondary School attached to Ioffe's Physico-Technical Institute had been opened at that time; ongoing was the process of creation of specialized University chairs: the first one, that of Optoelectronics was organized in the Electrotechnical University, (formerly the LETI) as far back as in 1973.
	www.nobel.se /physics/laureates/2000/alferov-autobio.html (3465 words)

	How the bomb saved Soviet physics \| thebulletin.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		After B. Gessen, dean of the physics faculty, was arrested in 1936, the faculty was increasingly dominated by physicists who were willing to resort to appeals to political authority in their academic and administrative disputes.
		A number of physicists, including Peter Kapitsa and Abram Ioffe, wrote to Molotov in 1944 to express their concern about the quality of teaching at the university and to ask him to appoint one of the leading physicists (Ivan Obreimov, Mikhail Leontovich, or Vladimir Fok) as dean.
		Ioffe, Tamm, and Markov, all of whom took part in the committee meetings, were severely criticized.
	www.bullatomsci.org /issues/1994/nd94/nd94Holloway.html (6255 words)

	Introduction to Thermoelectrics
		As early as 1929 when very little was known about semiconductors, Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (1880-1960) showed that a thermoelectric generator utilising semiconductors could achieve a conversion efficiency of 4%, with further possible improvement in its performance.
		By the 1950's, Ioffe and his colleagues [8] had developed the theory of thermoelectric conversion, which forms the basis of all modern thermoelectric theory.
		A large number of semiconductor materials were being investigated by the late 1950's and early 1960's, several of which emerged with Z values significantly higher than in metals or metal alloys.
	www.thermoelectrics.com /introduction.htm (1007 words)

	World Nuclear Association \| Information and Issue Briefs \| Outline History of Nuclear Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Academician Abram Ioffe formed another group at Leningrad FTI (including the young Igor Kurchatov), which in 1933 became the Department of Nuclear Physics under Kurchatov with four separate laboratories.
		Consultations with Academicians Ioffe, Kapitsa, Khlopin and Vernadsky convinced him that a bomb could be developed relatively quickly and he initiated a modest research program in 1942.
		Igor Kurchatov, then relatively young and unknown, was chosen to head it and in 1943 he became Director of Laboratory No.2 recently established on the outskirts of Moscow.
	www.world-nuclear.org /info/inf54.htm (4494 words)

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