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	Olympus MIC-D: Darkfield Gallery - Parenchyma Abscission Layer
		The abscission layer, a barrier of thin-walled parenchyma cells, develops across the stem (or petiole) at the base of a leaf, flower, or fruit as it approaches the time of falling from a plant.
		Abscission is the process that should be recognized for creating the beautiful autumn colors of deciduous trees in temperate regions, and this specialized layer acts as the breaking point for separating the plant from its terminal appendages.
		The abscission layer is comprised of minute tubules designed to transport water to the leaf, flower, or fruit and carry carbohydrates back into the tree.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/darkfield/abscissionlayerlow.html (0 words)

	abscission
		In deciduous plants the leaves are shed before the winter or dry season, whereas evergreen plants drop their leaves continually throughout the year.
		Fruitdrop, the abscission of fruit while still immature, is a naturally occurring process.
		Abscission occurs after the formation of an abscission zone at the point of separation.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0020435.html (0 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Confocal Image Gallery - Abscission Layer
		The abscission layer, which is also present in flowers and fruits, is comprised of minute tubules designed to transport water to the leaf and carry carbohydrates back into the tree.
		In the autumn, cells in the abscission are triggered by plant hormones to secrete a waxy substance termed suberin and begin to swell, reducing the amount of nutrients and water that flow through the tubes.
		Changes in abscission layer, which produces the wide spectrum of colors ranging from yellow to red, are activated by temperature and the length of the night (the time that sunlight is not available), called the photoperiod.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/confocal/abscission.html (383 words)

	Hanging on - 23 July 2005 - Print - New Scientist
		Another is the growth of a thin abscission zone of cells at the base of the leaf stem.
		In this case, the brown colour of the leaves is caused by drying and the chemical degradation of the chlorophyll.
		The cells in the abscission zone, at the junction of leaf-stalk and twig, sense the flow of auxin which they interpret as an instruction not to permit leaves to fall.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=mg18725092.700&print=true (529 words)

	Abscission Information
		Abscission (from ab- away from, and scission cutting or severing) is the shedding of a body part.
		It most commonly refers to the process by which a plant intentionally drops one or more of its parts, such as a leaf, fruit, flower or seed, though the term is also used to describe the shedding of a claw by an animal.
		If a leaf is damaged a plant may also abscise it to conserve water or photosynthetic efficiency, depending on the 'costs' to the plant as a whole.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Abscission (149 words)

	Definition of abscission - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Etymology: Middle English abscisioun, from Anglo-French abscission, Latin abscission-, abscissio, from abscindere
		Learn more about "abscission" and related topics at Britannica.com
		See a map of "abscission" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=abscission (65 words)

	Plant Methods \| Full text \| A petal breakstrength meter for Arabidopsis abscission studies
		Abscission is the regulated dropping of plant organs, such as leaves or flower petals.
		At the cellular level, abscission involves a separation between layers of cells in the abscission zone, allowing a plant organ to detach [1,2].
		Moreover, a cell surface receptor involved in abscission is HAESA, a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase [5].
	www.plantmethods.com /content/2/1/2 (3249 words)

	FloridaJuice.com - Health & Nutrition - Scientific Research
		Lack of an abscission agent has been identified by the industry as the one factor that is most important to expanding the use of mechanical harvesters.
		An abscission agent is a chemical compound that, when sprayed on citrus trees, softens the bond between stem and fruit and allows fruit to be picked easier.
		According to FDOC and IFAS research, the economic benefit of mechanical harvesting with abscission to the grower ranges from $51/acre to $228/acre.
	www.floridajuice.com /nutrition_research.php?type=3 (664 words)

	Physiology of Cotton Defoliation
		The abscission zone or abscission layer forms across the petiole near its junction with the stem (Fig.
		The auxin-gradient theory of abscission holds that the gradient, or relative concentrations of auxins in the plant, is more important for defoliation than the absolute amount of auxins present in the plant.
		This same auxin stimulates abscission when it is concentrated on the stem side of the abscission zone.
	cals.arizona.edu /pubs/crops/az1240 (1107 words)

	CREC - Abscission - Home
		Although a mechanical harvesting and abscission program was conducted from the 1960s to the 1980s, no mechanical harvesting system was commercially adopted and no abscission material was registered for use.
		The greatest need for an abscission material is later in the Valencia harvest season when young, developing fruit and mature fruit are present on the tree simultaneously.
		In addition to this advantage, it is believed that an abscission material will enable quick release of mature fruit from the tree, increasing capacity of mechanical harvesters, and at the same time, reducing the potential for tree damage associated with longer harvester-tree interactions.
	www.lal.ufl.edu /abscission (825 words)

	Plant Physiology Online: Abscission and the Dawn of Agriculture
		When the caryopses of the wild-type wheat are fully ripened, a series of abscission layers forms that divides the rachis into dispersal units consisting of a single spikelet attached to a short segment of the rachis (Web Figure 22.4.A).
		In contrast, the abscission zones of the domesticated varieties that have tough rachises fail to develop properly, and the spikelets remain on the head until released by threshing.
		However, harvesting wild wheat by cutting would have to be performed before formation of the abscission layers, or the fragile spikes would shatter, sending their spikelets flying to the ground.
	4e.plantphys.net /article.php?ch=t&id=222 (1299 words)

	Traumatic Acid : an Accelerator of Abscission in Cotton Explants
		In this bioassay, various extracts are applied in agar to the stumps of the cotyledonary petioles and the time for 50 per cent of the petioles to abscise is used for comparative purposes.
		When the extract from 0.1 mg of dried beans was applied to each petiole, a pronounced separation layer was present after 24 h and the distal 3 mm of the petioles had turned brownish.
		With both GA and bean extract but not with abscisin II, a hyaline layer appeared in the abscission zone 12–24 h before the formation of the separation layer.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v215/n5108/abs/2151380b0.html (356 words)

	Physiology of Cotton Defoliation
		The abscission zone or abscission layer forms across the petiole near its junction with the stem (Fig.
		The auxin-gradient theory of abscission holds that the gradient, or relative concentrations of auxins in the plant, is more important for defoliation than the absolute amount of auxins present in the plant.
		This same auxin stimulates abscission when it is concentrated on the stem side of the abscission zone.
	ag.arizona.edu /pubs/crops/az1240 (1107 words)

	Soybean Genomics and Improvement : People & Places
		The knowledge gained from this research will aid in the development of new approaches with the potential to greatly increase the yield of soybean and its use in different crop rotations and soil conditions.
		Premature separation (abscission) of flowers and fruit reduces the potential yield of many crops.
		We study the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in abscission with the goal of engineering plants possessing beneficial abscission characteristics that not only increase yield but also reduce harvesting costs.
	www.ars.usda.gov /pandp/people/people.htm?personid=5720 (198 words)

	CREC - Abscission - Publications
		Alferez F, Singh S, Umbach AL, Hockema B, Burns JK (2005) Citrus abscission and Arabidopsis plant decline in response to 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole are mediated by lipid signaling.
		Yuan, R., Burns, J.K. Temperature factor affecting the abscission response of mature fruit and leaves to CMN-Pyrazole and Ethephon in ‘Hamlin’ oranges.
		Enhanced activity of abscission enzymes predisposes oranges to invasion by Diplodia natalensis during ethylene degreening.
	www.lal.ufl.edu /crec_websites/abscission/publications.htm (620 words)

	Amazon.com: abscission (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Variations in the physiological and hormonal states of cotton fruit and their relationship with the initiation of abscission =: Variations de l'eÌtat...
		Abscission in general and with special reference to the curtailment of fruitage in Gossypium, (McGill university publications.
		On the abscission of debladed petioles in Coleus rhenaltianus especially in relation to the effect of gravity (Wentia) by Johannes Cornelis Vendrig (Unknown Binding - 1960)
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=abscission&page=1 (451 words)

	G-protein-coupled {alpha}2A-adrenoreceptor agonists differentially alter citrus leaf and fruit abscission by affecting ...
		Effect of ethephon, guanfacine, and CMNP on ACC concentration in fruit abscission zones (A), leaf abscission zones (B), fruit peel (C), and leaf blade (D) in ‘Valencia’ oranges.
		Citrus abscission and Arabidopsis plant decline in response to 5-chloro-3-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole are mediated by lipid signaling.
		Temperature factor affecting the abscission response of mature fruit and leaves to CMN Pyrazole and ethephon in ‘Hamlin’ oranges.
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/56/417/1867 (4283 words)

	IngentaConnect Flower abscission: environmental control, internal regulation and... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Many aspects of the abscission process have been reviewed in the past and it has been some time since a review on flower abscission has been published.
		Abscission of flowers and floral organs is an important part of the reproductive cycle, that is similarly under exact direction.
		While much progress has been made in identifying components of abscission using mutants and molecular biological approaches, many gaps remain in our understanding, especially in terms of considering abscission and its related events in the light of energy (carbohydrate) supply and demand.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/nisc/sajb/2005/00000071/F0020003/art00001 (285 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Physiological Causes of Cotton Fruit Abscission under Conditions of High Temperature and ...
		Square and young boll abscission was closely and negatively correlated with nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in flower buds or bolls.
		Square abscission was not related to leaf TNC concentration, but closely correlated with TNC in floral buds (r = -0.68***).
		Young boll abscission was highly correlated with TNC concentrations in both the leaves (r = -0.40) and bolls (r = -0.80*).
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=172161 (640 words)

	[No title]
		Abscission is the process in which plants lose leaves, flowers, and fruit.
		These things break off the stem at a place called the abscission zone when the plant cuts them off with a waxy substance called suberin.
		The process of abscission is controlled by plant hormones.
	discover.edventures.com /functions/termlib.php?action=&termid=759&alpha=a&searchString= (124 words)

	Cutting Loose. Abscission and Dehiscence in Arabidopsis -- Patterson 126 (2): 494 -- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
		Abscission is an active process and has a variety of roles during plant development.
		Butenko MA, Mandal A, Aalen RB (2000) Absence of floral organ abscission and meristem determinacy in the ethylene-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana mutant inflorescence deficient in abscission (ida).
		Jensen TE, Valdovinos JG (1967) Fine structure of abscission zones I. Abscission zones of the pedicels of tobacco and tomato flowers at anthesis.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/126/2/494?view=full&pmid=11402180 (4282 words)

	SHIPPING AND ETHYLENE EFFECTS ON FLOWER BUD ABSCISSION IN POTTED HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS
		Shipping potted flowering hibiscus is a commercial problem due to abscission of flowers and buds.
		However, abscission of undeveloped stage 1 and 2 buds increased with temperature and shipping duration.
		Stage 1 and 2 buds were also affected by ethylene exposure especially at 3 ppm but the abscission was slower.
	www.actahort.org /books/628/628_36.htm (276 words)

	From the Cover: Altered expression of expansin modulates leaf growth and pedicel abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana -- ...
		Physical abscission was conducted either by manual pulling on the pedicel or by using a force transducer with a constant strain
		The young blade and petiole are from the fifth leaf of 21-day-old plants and the old ones are from the fifth leaf of 35-day-old plants.
		Abscission was evaluated as percentage of incomplete abscission where breakage occurs in the middle of pedicel instead of at the exact abscission region.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/17/9783 (4886 words)

	CITRUS STYLAR ABSCISSION IN TISSUE CULTURES
		Beginning with the work of Goldschmidt and Leshem in 1971, the experimental system based on stylar abscission in excised pistils has been exploited to obtain a better understanding of the abscission process.
		The most potent auxin inhibitor of stylar abscission is picloram which has also been shown to be highly effective for two of the major uses of growth regulators in Citrus : 1) prevention of pre-harvest fruit drop in oranges and grapefruits and 2) inhibition of stem (button) abscission in harvested lemon fruits.
		The most critical nutrient in the test medium appears to be sucrose because abscission is completely prevented in its absence.
	www.actahort.org /books/179/179_104.htm (272 words)

	Dummies::Plant Biology: Leaf Abscission
		The process is called abscission and is facilitated by the formation of an abscission zone at the base of the petiole.
		The dropping off of the leaf is aided by anatomical changes in the abscission zone where two tissue zones differentiate; the one nearest the stem accumulates suberin in the cell walls -- blocking the flow of materials -- while cells of the separation layer on the blade side simply disintegrate.
		The suberized zone left on the stem after the leaf falls is called the leaf scar; visible within it are the bundle scars, the remnants of the vascular strands.
	www.dummies.com /WileyCDA/DummiesTip/id-4098.html (241 words)

	Changes in expansin activity and gene expression during ethylene-promoted leaflet abscission in Sambucus nigra -- ...
		Abscission is the process by which organs such as leaves, flowers,
		Leaflet abscission zones and neighbouring non-abscission-zone tissues were incubated in the presence or absence of ethylene for 24 h.
		the expression of expansin encoding genes in the abscission
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/56/413/817 (4231 words)

	HAESA, an Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, controls floral organ abscission -- Jinn et al. 14 (1): 108 ...
		An integral element of plant development is the abscission of senescent tissues, damaged organs, and ripened fruits.
		The most widely recognized abscission process is the annual shedding of leaves in deciduous forests.
		To confirm that the floral organ abscission defect observed in antisense-suppressed transgenic lines is due to the presence of the transgene, HAESA protein levels in wild-type (Col) and siblings that retain the transgene (E and K) or have lost the transgene (E* and K*) were determined by Western blot analysis using the TAIL antibody (A).
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/14/1/108 (5784 words)

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