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Topic: Absorption

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Transition

Stokes shift

Dichroic

Electroluminescence

Refractive index

Circular dichroism

Physical chemistry

Spectroscopy

Fluorophore

Radioactive contamination

Phosphorescence

Luminescence

Material properties of diamond

Molar absorptivity

Optical activity

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	Environmental Protection Agency > Basic Concepts in Environmental Sciences > Module 4 > Gas Absorption
		Gas absorption is one of the main techniques used in pollution control devices such as wet scrubbers and spray-dryer-type dry scrubbers for the removal of acid gas compounds and water-soluble organic compounds.
		Absorption is also used in emission sampling trains to capture gaseous pollutants by "bubbling" the gas through liquid in the impingers.
		In absorption processes (see Figure 1), the gas-phase pollutant is brought into close contact with the liquid to facilitate diffusion across the gas-liquid interface.
	www.epa.gov /eogapti1/module4/absorption/absorption.htm (1487 words)

	Recognizing Absorption
		Absorption or union (yoga) with the Infinite such that he or she cannot distinguish between either this nor that, neither self nor other, neither self nor god.
		The correct translation of the Pali terms 'vitakka' and 'vicara' with respect to the absorptions (jhanas) must be "applied and sustained attention or sustained application of a concentration technique." This is in fact the very definition of concentration as native speakers of English use that term.
		In summary of the material absorption, once one enters absorption, the concentration technique is no longer needed, if one is engaged in a technique, then one, by definition, is still in the first absorption (jhana), because vitakka and Vicara (applied and sustained concentration of the awareness upon an object) is still active.
	www.greatwesternvehicle.org /recognizingabsorption.htm (1674 words)

	GI 4.2 Study Guide: Nutrient Absorption
		With regard to absorption, at least two components are involved: (1) movement from the intestinal lumen into the apical (mucosal) end of the absorbing cell and (2) movement from the basilar (serosal) end of the absorbing cell into the subcellular space (and subsequently, into the circulatory or lymphatic systems).
		Absorption from a typical Western diet rises to a maximum of 3-4 mg daily when the body is depleted of iron and falls to less than 0.5 mg daily when iron overload is present.
		Water and electrolyte absorption from the intact human colon may be increased by salt depletion, mineralocorticoids, angiotensin and decreased colonic motility; colonic absorption is decreased by ADH (antidiuretic hormone), bile salts, fatty acids, certain diuretics, and inflammation of the colonic mucosa.
	www.siumed.edu /mrc/research/nutrient/gi42sg.html (5638 words)

	Atomic Absorption
		The principle used in atomic absorption spectroscopy was first discovered in 1802 by Wollaston when he observed the "Fraunhofer lines" or absorption lines in the spectrum of the sun.
		In atomic absorption and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, a light source is used to excite some of the ground state atoms in the flame.
		In atomic absorption the method is based on the attenuation (weakening) of a beam of nearly monochromatic light as a consequence of its interaction with and partial absorption by the ground state atoms of the element being analyzed.
	www.sonoma.edu /chemistry/chem115A/atomic.html (1142 words)

	Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In physics, absorption is the process by which the energy of a photon is taken up by another entity, for example, by an atom whose valence electrons make transition between two electronic energy levels.
		The absorption of light during wave propagation is often called attenuation.
		For most substances, the amount of absorption varies with the wavelength of the light, leading to the appearance of colour in pigments that absorb some wavelengths but not others.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Absorption_(optics) (217 words)

	Atmospheric Absorption
		Absorption is the process by which "incident radiant energy is retained by a substance." In this case, the substance is the atmosphere.
		Absorption is mainly caused by three different atmospheric gases.
		This increase in temperature is caused by an increase in absorption of electromagnetic radiation with height due to higher concentrations of high-energy wavelength absorbing gases present at higher atmospheric levels.
	www.everythingweather.com /atmospheric-radiation/absorption.shtml (416 words)

	Iron Absorption
		Iron absorption occurs predominantly in the duodenum and upper jejunum (Muir and Hopfer, 1985) (Figure 1).
		Conversely, iron absorption is inhibited by plant phytates and tannins.
		The significance of transferrin for intestinal iron absorption.
	sickle.bwh.harvard.edu /iron_absorption.html (2871 words)

	Absorption \| Absorption Factor \| Absorptance \| Absorption Coefficient
		The dissipation of light (radiation) within a surface or medium, caused by the conversion of radiant (luminous) energy to a different form of energy, usually heat, by interaction with matter.
		The Absorption is the "missing piece", when comparing the total reflected and transmitted energy with the incident energy.
		The ratio of the total absorbed radiant or luminous flux to the incident flux is called absorptance (formerly also absorption factor).
	www.schorsch.com /kbase/glossary/absorption.html (132 words)

	Quantum processes
		All of these processes require that the photon energy given by the Planck relationship is equal to the energy separation of the participating pair of quantum energy states.
		This is the precondition for the light amplification which occurs in a laser, and since the emitted photons have a definite time and phase relation to each other, the light has a high degree of coherence.
		Like absorption and emission, stimulated emission requires that the photon energy given by the Planck relationship be equal to the energy separation of the participating pair of quantum energy states.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/mod5.html (341 words)

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		Material that has an absorption coefficient of 0.5 at a given frequency absorbs half of the sound and either reflects or passes the rest.
		Absorption is typically measured in a special room (see the photos at left) that is very reverberant at all frequencies.
		For example, an absorption coefficient of 0.5 means that half the sound is absorbed and the other half either passes through the material or is reflected.
	www.realtraps.com /art_measure.htm (2064 words)

	Absorption - GuildWiki
		Some, but not all sources of absorption are global; they will reduce damage no matter which part of the body is hit.
		Shield absorption is global and does not depend on which direction you are hit from.
		However, this kind of damage absorption is not a property found on dropped items, so do not expect to find a dropped weapon with an absorption effect.
	gw.gamewikis.org /wiki/Absorption (276 words)

	Tutorial - Absorption Chiller Advantages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Absorption chillers reduce operating costs by significantly reducing power demand and electric energy consumption, and by switching to low-cost natural gas or waste heat as the primary energy source.
		Even though the equipment cost of an absorption chiller is higher than that for an electric chiller, the life-cycle cost of the absorption chiller is often lower because of the significant savings in energy cost over its useful life of 23 years.
		If the incremental installed cost of an absorption chiller over that for an electric chiller is treated as an investment, and the annual savings in its energy cost are treated as the return on that investment, the return on investment for absorption chillers is generally very attractive.
	www.gri.org /dev_extranet/html/tut/abs/taadv.html (1153 words)

	Absorption - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Absorption (chemistry), absorption of particles of gas or liquid in liquid or solid material
		Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), absorption of light or other electromagnetic radiation by a material
		Absorption (digestive), the uptake of substances by the gastrointestinal tract
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Absorption (203 words)

	Spectroscopy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Spectroscopy is the use of the absorption, emission, or scattering of electromagnetic radiation by atoms or molecules (or atomic or molecular ions) to qualitatively or quantitatively study the atoms or molecules, or to study physical processes.
		An absorption spectrum is the absorption of light as a function of wavelength.
		The spectrum of an atom or molecule depends on its energy level structure, and absorption spectra are useful for identifying of compounds.
	elchem.kaist.ac.kr /vt/chem-ed/spec/spectros.htm (470 words)

	Emission and absorption lines
		Figure 8.3: Diagram illustrating emission and absorption lines: when light given off by hot gas is decomposed using a prism it is shown to be made up of colored lines (emission lines).
		After the discovery of emission and absorption lines scientist came to rely heavily on the fact that each element presents a unique set of lines: it is its inimitable signature.
		Using this observation it was then predicted that a new element existed whose absorption lines corresponded to the ones observed in sunlight.
	phyun5.ucr.edu /~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node107.html (507 words)

	Power Descriptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Absorption my mimic what is being absorbed, or it may trade one power or characteristic for another, or it may actually remove the absorbed characteristic.
		So an Absorption effect in which the benefits to the attacker last a day (+16 CPs), but the victim recovers each point with a d20 save between-turns (-8 CPs) would be worth a net +8 CPs.
		Note that this means a character cannot directly damage him/herself with the intention of absorbing it, since the Absorption and the self-attack would each require an action, and a character cannot take two actions on the same phase, even with a held action.
	www.smitheeawards.com /vandv/powerdetails.cfm?CatID=1 (1546 words)

	Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The technique of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) requires a liquid sample to be aspirated, aerosolized, and mixed with combustible gases, such as acetylene and air or acetylene and nitrous oxide.
		A cathode lamp (1), shown in figure 6, is a stable light source, which is necessary to emit the sharp characteristic spectrum of the element to be determined.
		Atomic absorption spectrometry is a fairly universal analytical method for determination of metallic elements when present in both trace and major concentrations.
	ewr.cee.vt.edu /environmental/teach/smprimer/aa/aa.html (2188 words)

	Absorption
		Therefore their absorption in the bloodstream will be erratic, especially when taken in fasted condition.
		Besides this, its absorption will be more consistent as this will not have to depend on the intake of dietery fat.
		The newly designed system to improve tocotrienol's absorption is essentially an optimal combination of suitable oil and a suitable surfactant system that self-emulsifies in the gastrointestinal tract.
	www.tocotrienol.org /absorp.htm (394 words)

	Absorption Technologies Home
		Absorption chillers are effective at meeting the extreme, often round-the-clock, cooling needs of hospitals and hotels/motels.
		Although absorption chilling is most frequently found in large commercial buildings, today’s equipment is finding its way into a variety of small commercial applications via compact packaged units as well as industrial process operations.
		Heat for the absorption process can be direct-fired or indirect-fired using recovered waste heat, hot water or steam, or integrated with an on-site power generation system.
	www.gasairconditioning.org /absorption_home.htm (187 words)

	Absorption Systems - Absorption/Transport
		Absorption Systems uses both in vitro, and in vivo models to classify the absorption and transport potential of our customer's compounds.
		Therefore, a validation set of compounds with established human fractional absorption must be run through the assay under conditions similar to those used for test compounds in order to establish a relative ranking score for P
		values for atenolol, which has a fractional absorption of about 50%, and propranolol, which has a fractional absorption greater than 90%, is about thirty-fold.
	www.absorption.com /Site/Services/ADME/Absorption.aspx (930 words)

	Absorption SPectrum
		Different opsins have different absorption spectra as a direct result of their specific electron configuration, resulting in predictable absorption given the bonds in a molecule.
		Differences in absorption would not be as high between free 11-cis-retinal and 11-cis-retinal that is bonded via a Schiff base in to retinal, as that amount of conjugation is affected.
		There are no sharp peaks in the absorption spectra of the rhodopsins due to the fact that the vibrational and translations states contribute slightly to the spectra (22).
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~tareilaj/AbsorptionSpectrum.html (757 words)

	Molar Absorption Coefficients
		Strictly speaking, in compliance with SI units the path length should be specified in meters but it is current general practice for centimeters to be used for this purpose.
		/cl. The molar absorptivity is a Beer-Lambert absorption coefficient.
		Molar absorption coefficients when available are given in parentheses next to major bands in the UV section of the entry.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /chem/info/molabscoeff.html (690 words)

	Absorption.html
		That part of the sound striking a surface which is not absorbed is either reflected or transmitted.
		) and is of importance in the interior design of concert halls and recording studios, etc. The unit used is the absorption power of 1 square foot of open window space, called the sabin, (which reflects no sound and therefore is a perfect unit of absorption).
		Absorption units of various objects as a function of frequency (after Olson, Music, Physics and Engineering, Dover, 1967, p.
	www.sfu.ca /sonic-studio/handbook/Absorption.html (148 words)

	D Region Absorption Documentation
		Absorption is the process by which the energy of radio waves are converted into heat and electromagnetic (EM) noise through interactions between the radio wave, ionospheric electrons, and the neutral atmosphere (For a more extensive description of the absorption process see Davies (1990)).
		Much more significant changes to the electron density, and therefore the absorption strength, are seen as a result of solar x-ray flares (the classic short wave fade).
		The amount of ionization and absorption falls with distance away from the sub-solar point, reaching zero at the day/night terminator.
	www.sec.noaa.gov /rt_plots/dregionDoc.html (1281 words)

	Absorption Cooling
		The distinguishing characteristic of absorption cooling equipment is that it produces cooling by using heat energy as an input, rather than by using mechanical energy.
		For this reason, absorption chillers were once common in facilities that had large boiler plants with excess capacity during the cooling season.
		The components of an absorption chiller must be integrated much more closely than the components of a compression cooling system.
	www.energybooks.com /toc/toc1133.htm (385 words)

	self-absorption - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		- absorption of own radiation: a radioactive material's absorption of part of the radiation that it emits
		Absorption, in physics, the taking up of energy by matter.
		Fraunhofer Lines, dark lines identifiable in the absorption spectrum of the sun, which were first observed by the English physicist W. Wollaston...
	encarta.msn.com /self-absorption.html (159 words)

	Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectra
		An absorption spectrum occurs when light passes through a cold, dilute gas and atoms in the gas absorb at characteristic frequencies; since the re-emitted light is unlikely to be emitted in the same direction as the absorbed photon, this gives rise to dark lines (absence of light) in the spectrum.
		Emission or absorption processes in hydrogen give rise to series, which are sequences of lines corresponding to atomic transitions, each ending or beginning with the same atomic state in hydrogen.
		Thus, for example, the Balmer Series involves transitions starting (for absorption) or ending (for emission) with the first excited state of hydrogen, while the Lyman Series involves transitions that start or end with the ground state of hydrogen; the adjacent image illustrates the atomic transitions that produce these two series in emission.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/light/absorption.html (408 words)

	Absorption definition - Allergies: allergy symptoms, treatment, and medications by MedicineNet.com
		In the body, absorption is the process whereby a cell, tissue or organ takes up a substance.
		In the intestinal tract, absorption is the uptake of food (or other substances) from the digestive tract.
		In immunology, absorption is the process by which an antibody or antigen is used to remove a corresponding antigen or antibody from a mixture.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2101 (235 words)

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