Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

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Topic: Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

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	Spectra
		The absorption lines in the Sun and stars can be identified with individual chemical elements or molecular compounds by comparing their positions in the spectrum (their wavelengths) with those observed from pure sources in the laboratory.
		They are unified by thinking of them as "electromagnetic waves," waves of alternating strength in electric and magnetic fields that all move through space at the "speed of light" (called "c") of 300,000 kilometers per second (186,000 miles per second), eight times around the Earth in the tick of a clock.
		Visual radiation is in the middle, with wavelengths that extend from 0.00004 centimeters for violet light to about 0.00007 centimeters for extreme red.
	www.astro.uiuc.edu /~kaler/sow/spectra.html (5857 words)

	Specific absorption rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mobile devices transmit and receive non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in the form of radio signals.
		The long-term effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation remain unclear.
		These studies are vital, because any study on radiation effects on human species, can also be due to secondary effects - i.e., through the damage inflicted on other living species, thereby disturbing the fragile eco-system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Specific_absorption_rate (361 words)

	Infrared Spectroscopy
		However, when the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation equals the vibrational frequency of a molecule, absorption of light does occur and this leads to an infrared spectrum that is characteristic of the structure of a molecule.
		Actually, both rotation and vibration of molecules is involved in the absorption of infrared radiation, but since molecular rotation is not usually resolved in most infrared spectra of large organic molecules, we will ignore this additional consideration.
		Infrared spectroscopy is the study of how molecules absorb infrared radiation and ultimately convert it to heat.
	www.umsl.edu /~orglab/documents/IR/IR2.html (12089 words)

	Ultraviolet radiation (EHC 160, 1994, 2nd edition)
		UV is one of the non-ionizing radiations in the electromagnetic spectrum and lies within the range of wavelengths 100 nm (which corresponds to a photon energy of approximately 12 eV) to 400 nm.
		Solar UV undergoes absorption and scattering as it passes through the earth's atmosphere with absorption by molecular oxygen and ozone being the most important processes.
		Solar UV undergoes significant absorption by the atmosphere.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc160.htm (12089 words)

	CHAPTER 9 - ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
		The absorption of electromagnetic radiation occurs as a result of charged particles interacting with the oscillating electric and magnetic fields of the radiation.
		Electromagnetic radiation comes in a variety of different forms such as microwaves, radio waves, infra-red (heat) radiation, visible light, ultra-violet radiation, X rays and gamma rays.
		All of these forms of electromagnetic radiation are identical in the sense that they are oscillating electric and magnetic fields which all propogate at the velocity of light.
	faraday.physics.utoronto.ca /GeneralInterest/Logan/Poetry/CHAPTER9-10.html (5530 words)

	Electromagnetic spectroscopy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Absorption spectroscopy is the study of electromagnetic radiation spectra absorbed by atoms or molecules that change energy levels.
		Emission spectroscopy is the study of electromagnetic radiation spectra given off by atoms or molecules that undergo a transition to a lower energy level.
		Electromagnetic spectroscopy involves the use of a spectrophotometer.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electromagnetic_spectroscopy (852 words)

	Yenra Glossary E
		Emission Spectrography - Destructive analytical technique is used to determine concentrations of specific chemical elements based on their emission or absorption of specific wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.
		The electromagnetic spectrum is the extent of that energy ranging from cosmic rays, gamma rays, X-rays to ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation including microwave energy.
		electromagnetic radiation hazards - Hazards caused by a transmitter/antenna installation that generates electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of ordnance, personnel, or fueling operations in excess of established safe levels or increases the existing levels to a hazardous level.
	www.yenra.com /glossary/e.html (7917 words)

	Yenra Glossary E
		Emission Spectrography - Destructive analytical technique is used to determine concentrations of specific chemical elements based on their emission or absorption of specific wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.
		Electromagnetic Radiation - Radiation consisting of electric and magnetic waves that travel at the speed of light.
		electromagnetic radiation hazards - Hazards caused by a transmitter/antenna installation that generates electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of ordnance, personnel, or fueling operations in excess of established safe levels or increases the existing levels to a hazardous level.
	www.yenra.com /glossary/e.html (7917 words)

	Electronics:Frequency Spectrum - Wikibooks
		Note: above 300 GHz, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by Earth's atmosphere is so great that the atmosphere is effectively opaque to higher frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, until the atmosphere becomes transparent again in the so-called infrared and optical window frequency ranges.
		The dawn chorus is an unexplained electromagnetic phenomenon that occurs most often at sunrise or shortly after, that (with the proper radio equipment) resembles the sound of a massive flock of birds.
		Some supporters of non-standard cosmology argue that the primodorial background radiation is uniform (which is inconsistent with the big bang) and that the variations in the CBR are due to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect mentioned above (among other effects).
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Electronics:Frequency_Spectrum (7917 words)

	SUGGESTED ELF ANTIGRAVITY PROTOTYPE DESIGN
		DeAquino demonstrates that gravitational mass of an atom is related to its inertial mass as a function of thermal and electromagnetic (EM) radiation absorption.
		Atom EM absorption coefficient is a measure of the atoms ability to absorb EM radiation.
		The weight reduction formula relates absorbed EM radiation energy by an atom (molecule) to the radiation frequency, as well as conduction, permeability and permittivity of the medium that the atom is a constituent.
	jlnlabs.imars.com /systemg/html/gravelf.htm (1730 words)

	PHM2510 - ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
		Electromagnetic Waves: Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic waves in free space, energy and Poynting vector, dispersion, absorption of plane waves in conductors, skin effect, reflection and transmission, dielectric and conducting boudaries.
		The full theory of transmission, reflection, dispersion and absorption of electromagnetic waves is developed for free-space, conductors and dielectrics.
		The theoretical basis of the generation of electromagnetic radiation is presented and the laws of electromagnetism are discussed in relation to the special theory of relativity.
	www.aber.ac.uk /modules/future/PHM2510.html (1730 words)

	Spectra
		The visual spectrum of light, however, is but a tiny portion of the whole picture, of a huge spectrum of radiation that extends in both directions from the edges of the rainbow.
		They are unified by thinking of them as "electromagnetic waves," waves of alternating strength in electric and magnetic fields that all move through space at the "speed of light" (called "c") of 300,000 kilometers per second (186,000 miles per second), eight times around the Earth in the tick of a clock.
		Although temperature reigns supreme in defining the spectrum of a star, the density of the gas in the region where the absorption lines are formed plays a role too.
	www.astro.uiuc.edu /~kaler/sow/spectra.html (5857 words)

	ultraviolet radiation -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		process by which energy, in the form of electromagnetic radiation, is emitted by a heated surface in all directions and travels directly to its point of absorption at the speed of light; thermal radiation does not require an intervening medium to carry it.
		Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is undetectable by the human eye, although when it falls on certain materials it may cause them to fluoresce—i.e., emit electromagnetic radiation of lower energy, such as visible light.
		It is so called because particles moving at such speeds in a variety of particle accelerator that is known as a synchrotron produce electromagnetic radiation of this sort.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9277493?tocId=9277493 (903 words)

	Spectrum
		Between 300 GHz and the mid-infrared, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by molecular vibration in the Earth's atmosphere is so great that the atmosphere is effectively opaque to electromagnetic radiation, until the atmosphere becomes transparent again in the so-called infrared and optical window freqency ranges.
		Nuclear magnetic resonance - Measures the resonant absorption of RF radiation by nuclei in a strong magnetic field.
		Absorption peaks correspond to transitions in the nuclear spin states of the nuclei.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.com /definition/english/Sp/Spectrum.html (903 words)

	Electromagnetic spectrum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The electromagnetic spectrum, shown in the table, extends from frequencies used in the electric power grid (at the long-wavelength end) to gamma radiation (at the short-wavelength end), covering wavelengths from thousands of kilometres down to fractions of the size of an atom.
		The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible electromagnetic radiation.
		Electromagnetic spectroscopy is the branch of physics that deals with the characterization of matter by its spectra.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum (1438 words)

	Light Scattering (Research Group Prof. G. H. Findenegg)
		In general, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a molecule leads either to absorption (forms the basis of spectroscopy) or scattering the radiation.
		Since an oscillating dipole is a source of electromagnetic radiation, the molecules emit light, the scattered light.
		In static light scattering experiments the time-averaged (or 'total') intensity of the scattered light is measured, and for solutions is related to the time-averaged mean-square excess polarizability which in turn is related to the time-averaged mean-square concentration fluctuation.
	www.tu-berlin.de /fb5/insi/ag_findenegg/lightscattering.html (743 words)

	Spectroscopic Glossary 1999-AUG-03
		Strictly electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye but often used to describe the rest of or other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		May be due to collisional excitation/deexcitation, radiative absorption/emission, or spontaneous decay (the usual emission or fluorescence we "see").
		Nonthermal radiation from charged particles in magnetic fields.
	www.physics.uq.edu.au /people/ross/phys2080/ael/aelglos.htm (1052 words)

	1999 Summary of Engineering Research - Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
		The objectives are to rigorously quantify the scattering of thermal radiation from electromagnetic theory, to develop approximate yet accurate scattering models, and to experimentally determine reflection for such interfaces.
		Radiation heat transfer in absorbing and scattering media including general multidimensional gaseous absorption is under consideration.
		The reliability of these devices in space depends on their ability to remain functional while exposed to radiation.
	www.engr.uiuc.edu /Publications/engineering_research/1999/pg000181.htm (1961 words)

	CHP - Spectroscopy
		Spectroscopy is the use of the absorption, emission, or scattering of electromagnetic radiation by matter to qualitatively or quantitatively study the matter or to study physical processes.
		Scattering might or might not occur with a transfer of energy, i.e., the scattered radiation might or might not have a slightly different wavelength compared to the light incident on the sample.
		Spectroscopy Index - information on specific spectroscopic techniques.
	www.chem.vt.edu /chem-ed/spec/spectros.html (187 words)

	Spectroscopy
		Spectroscopy is the use of the absorption, emission, or scattering of electromagnetic radiation by atoms or molecules (or atomic or molecular ions) to qualitatively or quantitatively study the atoms or molecules, or to study physical processes.
		A transition from a lower level to a higher level with transfer of energy from the radiation field to the atom or molecule is called absorption.
		An absorption spectrum is the absorption of light as a function of wavelength.
	elchem.kaist.ac.kr /vt/chem-ed/spec/spectros.htm (470 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Specific absorption rate
		SAR here, doesn't relate to the absorption rate of radiation by other living species.
		Additional studies are needed to develop a better understanding of how electromagnetic radiation affects the human body.
		These studies are vital, because any study on radiation effects on human species, can also be due to secondary effects - i.e., through the damage inflicted on other living species, thereby disturbing the fragile eco-system.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sp/specific_absorption_rate.htm (265 words)

	infrared radiation
		Electromagnetic radiation of wavelength between about 700 nanometres and 1 millimetre &; that is, between the limit of the red end of the visible spectrum and the shortest microwaves.
		Infrared radiation is used in medical photography and treatment, and in industry, astronomy, and criminology.
		Infrared absorption spectra are used in chemical analysis, particularly for organic compounds.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0016138.html (233 words)

	Greenhouse Gases
		The infrared radiation strikes a molecule such as carbon dioxide and causes the bonds to bend and vibrate - this is called the absorption of IR energy.
		The different types of electromagnetic radiation are shown in the graphic on the left.
		Radiation from the sun is absorbed by the earth as radiant visible light.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/globalwarmA5.html (416 words)

	7(f) Atmospheric Effects on Incoming Solar Radiation
		The process of scattering occurs when small particles and gas molecules diffuse part of the incoming solar radiation in random directions without any alteration to the wavelength of the electromagnetic energy (Figure 7f-1).
		Absorption is defined as a process in which solar radiation is retained by a substance and converted into heat energy.
		Solar radiation that reaches the Earth's surface after it was altered by the process of scattering is called diffused solar radiation.
	www.physicalgeography.net /fundamentals/7f.html (684 words)

	Chemical Sciences: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
		The wavelength l and the frequency fof electromagnetic radiation, or light, are simply two two different ways of measuring the same property.
		The region of the electromagnetic spectrum between 1 nm and 400 nm, adjacent to the visible region, is called the ultraviolet region because it is just beyond violet, the color at the high-energy, short-wavelength, and high-frequency end of the visible region.
		The region of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths greater than 900 nm adjacent to the visible region is called the infrared region because it lies just beyond red, the color at the low-energy, long-wavelength, and low-frequency end of the visible region.
	www.psigate.ac.uk /newsite/reference/plambeck/chem1/p01211.htm (574 words)

	UV-Visible Spectroscopy
		Electromagnetic radiation such as visible light is commonly treated as a wave phenomenon, characterized by a wavelength or frequency.
		The presence of chromophores in a molecule is best documented by UV-Visible spectroscopy, but the failure of most instruments to provide absorption data for wavelengths below 200 nm makes the detection of isolated chromophores problematic.
		As shown on the right, the component colors of the visible portion can be separated by passing sunlight through a prism, which acts to bend the light in differing degrees according to wavelength.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/UV-Vis/spectrum.htm (2030 words)

	electromagnetic force -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Electromagnetism is responsible for interactions between charged particles that occur because of their charge, and for the emission and absorption of photons (electromagnetic radiation).
		The phenomena of electricity and magnetism are consequences of this force, and the relationships between them were first described by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s.
		The weak force acts upon all known fermions—i.e., elementary particles with an intrinsic angular momentum, or spin, of half a unit.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9363563?tocId=9363563 (903 words)

	Electromagnetic radiation -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		EM radiation may also cause certain molecules to absorb energy and thus to heat up; this is exploited in (Kitchen appliance that cooks food by passing an electromagnetic wave through it; heat is produced by the absorption of microwave energy by the water molecules in the food) microwave ovens.
		EM radiation is (Click link for more info and facts about quantized) quantized as particles called (A quantum of electromagnetic radiation; an elementary particle that is its own antiparticle) photons.
		The (The science of matter and energy and their interactions) physics of electromagnetic radiation is (Click link for more info and facts about electrodynamics) electrodynamics, a subfield of (The branch of physics concerned with electromagnetic phenomena) electromagnetism.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/el/electromagnetic_radiation.htm (882 words)

	Non-Ionizing Radiation - RPS
		Absorption of non-ionizing radiation therefore causes an increase in the random motion of the molecules or an increase in their average kinetic energy.
		Non-ionizing radiation is any electromagnetic radiation that does not "ionize an atom", and ultrasonic as well as sonic radiation.
		Radiation that is truly non-ionizing has only enough energy to cause vibrational and rotational motion of molecules.
	www.bccdc.org /content.php?item=62 (373 words)

	Infrared Spectroscopy
		However, when the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation equals the vibrational frequency of a molecule, absorption of light does occur and this leads to an infrared spectrum that is characteristic of the structure of a molecule.
		Infrared is a form of radiation that can travel through a vacuum while heat is associated with the motion and kinetic energy of molecules.
		Infrared spectroscopy is the study of how molecules absorb infrared radiation and ultimately convert it to heat.
	www.umsl.edu /~orglab/documents/IR/IR2.html (12089 words)

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