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Topic: Abstract interpretation

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	Abstract interpretation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer science, abstract interpretation is a theory of sound approximation of the semantics of computer programs, based on monotonic functions over ordered sets, especially lattices.
		Abstract interpretation was formalized by Patrick Cousot and Radhia Cousot.
		More abstract semantics are then derived; for instance, one may consider only the set of reachable states in the executions (which amounts to considering the last states in finite traces).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abstract_interpretation (1386 words)

	Abstraction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Doing so would make the concepts 'cat' and 'telephone' abstract ideas since despite their varying appearances, a particular cat or a particular telephone is an instance of the concept "cat" or the concept "telephone".
		Abstract things are sometimes defined as those things that do not exist in reality or exist only as sensory experience, like the color red.
		In linguistics this is called metonymy, in which abstract concepts are referred to using the same sorts of nouns that signify concrete objects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abstraction (1727 words)

	Learn more about Abstract interpretation in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract interpretation is a partial execution of a computer program which gains information about its semantics (e.g.
		Abstract interpretation is typically used by compilers to analyse programs in order to decide whether certain optimisations or transformations are applicable.
		Often, an interpretation is characterised by the domains used to represent the basic types and the abstract values it assigns to constants (where the constants of a language include primitive functions such as *).
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /a/ab/abstract_interpretation.html (363 words)

	Abstract Interpretation.
		Abstract Interpretation is a theory for formally constructing conservative approximations of the semantics of programming languages.
		The approximate, or abstract, semantics is usually related to the concrete one by a correctness relation; different formulations use Galois connections, logical relations or representation functions to define the correctness relation.
		This is not always possible because abstract domains may still be infinite and, even if not, fixed point iterations may take too long to stabilise; the rich theory of abstract interpretation includes the notion of widening operators which may be used to accelerate convergence to a safe answer in these cases.
	www.doc.ic.ac.uk /~siveroni/pa/qacr/node10.html (318 words)

	Computer Science: Publication: Polyhedral Domains for Abstract Interpretation in Logic Programming
		Abstract interpretation is a methodology for static analysis that was formalised at the beginning of the last decade and is employed in both declarative and imperative programming paradigms.
		Abstract interpretation is a rigorous approximation technique that allows an analysis to focus on a particular property and infer useful information about the run time behaviour of the program being analysed.
		In order to implement an abstract interpretation it is necessary to chose an abstract domain that expresses the property of interest with sufficient precision to be useful.
	www.cs.kent.ac.uk /pubs/2002/1548 (404 words)

	Listing of Abstract Illusionists and Lyrical Abstractionists
		I admire you for studying abstract art; it is very like classical or jazz music, and is able to touch the senses and the emotions in ways that can be difficult for some people to understand.
		Abstract terms, those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they exist; or abstract terms are the names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities.
		Guillaume Apollinaire further divorced the abstract from reality when he devised the concepts of "pure painting" and "pure art": an art that would be to painting "what music is to poetry." In a 1913 or early 1914 sketchbook annotation Piet Mondrian elaborated: "One passes through a world of forms ascending from reality to abstraction.
	www.abstract-art.com /a00_index_folder/a08_art_words.html (2533 words)

	Abstract Interpretation in a Nutshell
		In all cases, the abstract semantics should be sound (section 1.8), remain sufficiently precise to avoid false alarms (section 1.10) while remaining as simple as possible to avoid combinatorial explosion phenomena (section 1.13).
		A classical abstract domain is that of intervals [3,8,10] which approximate an ordered set of values by their minimum and their maximum.
		Abstract interpretation: a unified lattice model for static analysis of programs by construction or approximation of fixpoints.
	www.astree.ens.fr /IntroAbsInt.html (1676 words)

	Domain Theory in Abstract Interpretation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract interpretation was originally developed by Patrick and Radhia Cousot [13] as a unifying framework for specifying and then validating static program analyses.
		One of the most fundamental facts of abstract interpretation is that most properties of the abstract semantics, like precision, completeness, and compositionality, which may involve complex operators, fixpoints etc., all depend upon the notion of abstraction, which is precisely and uniquely specified by the chosen domain of properties [14].
		Abstract interpretation can be used to establish relationships between various semantics or systems of types at different levels of abstraction [17, 11, 12].
	www.cs.ucy.ac.cy /compulog/newpage114.htm (4650 words)

	Abstract Interpretation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to the classical framework [16, 14, 18], an abstract interpretation is defined as a non-standard (approximated) program semantics obtained from the standard (or concrete) one by replacing the actual (concrete) domain of computation and its basic (concrete) semantic operations with, respectively, an abstract domain and corresponding abstract semantic operations.
		A general framework for abstract interpretation was developed in a series of papers by Cousot starting with [16].
		Recently, the area of abstract interpretation in logic and constraint based programming languages is very active [29, 8].
	www.doc.ic.ac.uk /~herbert/epsrc/node2.html (216 words)

	Verification, Model Checking and Abstract Interpretation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The objective of the workshop was to bring together researchers from the areas of program verification, model checking and abstract interpretation, in order to enhance cross-fertilization and to clarify the relationships among the three areas.
		Abstract interpretation is a method for designing and comparing semantics of programs, expressing various types of programs properties.
		While much research has been performed in the area of abstract interpretation of logic programs, connections between model checking and logic programming have hardly been investigated as yet; at the same time it seems that there may be interesting directions in this area.
	www.cs.ucy.ac.cy /compulog/newpage112.htm (469 words)

	Abstract interpretation checks software errors - 1/1/2004 - Control Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A relatively new method, abstract interpretation, is a process for automatically checking dynamic properties of software applications without actually running any test case and without executing it.
		According to the company, the abstract interpretation method has saved $1 million and up to one calendar year in verifying fault-tolerant controller software used in process manufacturing applications that require a high degree of reliability and availability.
		The abstract interpretation method works on an abstraction of the analyzed software built from its dynamic properties.
	www.manufacturing.net /ctl/article/CA372360.html (603 words)

	WSSA'03: David Schmidt's lectures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract interpretation is a foundational framework that can justify the correctness of a static analysis.
		Many elegant static analyses are synthesized from the abstract interpretations that justify their correctness.
		Standard formats of static analysis are presented, and abstract interpretations are used to synthesize both abstract-operational- and abstract-denotational-semantics definitions and as well as logics and models for temporal-logic model checking.
	www.cis.ksu.edu /santos/schmidt/Escuela03 (396 words)

	Abstract Interpretation with Alien Expressions and Heap Structures
		The particular properties inferred depend on the particular abstract domains used in the analysis.
		This paper introduces the congruence-closure abstract domain, which in effect extends the properties representable by a given abstract domain to schemas over arbitrary terms, not just variables.
		Also, this paper introduces the heap succession abstract domain, which when used as a base domain for the congruence-closure domain, allows given abstract domains to infer properties in a program's heap.
	research.microsoft.com /research/pubs/view.aspx?tr_id=820 (149 words)

	Citations: Data ow analysis is model checking of abstract interpretation - Schmidt (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Since a large part of bytecode veri cation is obviously an abstract interpretation (of a defensive JVM at the type level) it is natural to look at the remaining parts from a model checking perspective.
		Related works The body of research on the connection among model checking, abstract interpretation and data ow analysis is huge, even though this eld still represents a major challenge in formal methods.
		While the number of states is in nite or intractable, the number of abstract states can be reduced to nite or tractable provided that the abstract map is appropriate[2, 5] In this paper, we consider the case that states of the system have link structures.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/1309680/0 (1957 words)

	Meta-circular abstract interpretation in Prolog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This approach is particularly useful for prototyping and for introductory classes on abstract interpretation.
		Small changes of the interpreter let us vary both what can be "observed" by an analyser, and how fixed point computation is done.
		Amongst the dataflow analyses used to exemplify this approach are a parity analysis, groundness dependency analysis, call patterns, depth-k analysis, and a "pattern" analysis to establish most specific generalisations of calls and success sets.
	www.cs.bgu.ac.il /~mcodish/Papers/Pages/meta_circ.html (147 words)

	SICS - Program Analysis by Abstract Interpretation
		Casting the analysis as abstract interpretation is a way of formally motivating the statement that an analysis produces "safe" approximations of the computations that can occur for a program.
		A theoretic area of current importance is that of designing operators for transformation of domains, and the algebraic understanding of abstract interpretation, as for instance covered by Giacobazzi and Scozzari in "A Logical Model for Relational Abstract Domains", ACM tr.
		The motivation for the method goes through a step of first devising an abstracted version of the operational semantics of AKL (a variant of the computation rules showing the possible executions of AKL in the form given by the original designers) and relating this to the schema that generates the fixpoint problem.
	web.it.kth.se /~sjoland/analysis.shtml (852 words)

	2002 Clifford Lectures
		Program slicing and abstract interpretation components are used during compilation to customize the program model with respect to the properties being checked.
		Abstract interpretation has been around for a long time and has been used to succesfully solve a variety of program analysis problems.
		Categorical interpretations of these models have much to offer in understanding data refinement in a concurrent context, especially as category theory is a convenient tool for algebraic structure and lax logical relations.
	www.math.tulane.edu /~mfps/mfps18abs.html (5933 words)

	Bottom-Up Abstract Interpretation of Logic Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This paper presents a formal framework for the bottom-up abstract interpretation of logic programs which can be applied to approximate {it answer substitutions/}, {it partial answer substitutions/} and {it call patterns/} for a given program and arbitrary initial goal.
		The first part of the paper reconstructs this semantics to provide a more adequate basis for abstract interpretation.
		A notion of {it abstract substitution/} is introduced and shown to determine an abstract semantic function which for a given program can be applied to approximate the answer substitutions for an arbitrary initial goal.
	www.cs.bgu.ac.il /~mcodish/Papers/Pages/bot-up.html (214 words)

	CIS 905 Home Page
		Learn the basic definitions of abstract interpretation, how it is used to construct models, and the foundations of the abstraction facilities currently implemented in Bandera.
		Making a collection of the basic definitions of abstract interpretation as applied for model-checking that every incoming Ph.D. student working on the Bandera project should know.
		Abstract Interpretation and Partition Refinement for Model-checking -- Dennis Dams Ph.D. thesis
	www.cis.ksu.edu /~hatcliff/905 (417 words)

	Abstract Slicing: A New Approach to Program Slicing Based on Abstract Interpretation and Model Checking
		First, the notion of abstract slicing is introduced.
		Abstract slicing extends static slicing with predicates and constraints by using as the program model an abstract state graph, which is obtained by applying predicate abstraction to a program, rather than a flow graph.
		It is shown that abstract slicing can be reduced to a least fixpoint computation over formulas in the branching time temporal logic CTL.
	repository.upenn.edu /cis_papers/229 (296 words)

	Abstract Interpretation Research Page
		Also gives a (brief) explaination of the steps/decisions required to be made in the AbsInt process and when designing/developing an abstract semantics.
		Describes established results/properties of soundness/completeness in AbsInt relating to abstract and concrete domains.
		Abstract of an invited talk by P Cousot - Slides of talk unavailable.
	www.eleceng.adelaide.edu.au /Personal/acheng/public/absInt/cgi-bin/absIntPapers.html (484 words)

	Abstract interpretation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We have shown how abstract interpretation can be applied to the analysis of secure information flow to easily derive sound semantic rules for static program certification [Barbuti, Bernardeschi, De Francesco 2002a] [Barbuti, Bernardeschi, De Francesco 2002b].
		We have proposed to enhance the bytecode verifier to accept such programs by defining an abstract domain which is more expressive than the one used in standard verification [Barbuti, Bernardeschi, De Francesco, Tesei 2002].
		We have introduced an abstract interpretation framework for Mobile Ambients [Levi, Maffeis 2001].
	www.di.unipi.it /ricerca/Report2002/node57.html (233 words)

	Bibliographies and tutorials (abstract interpretation) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		One simple example of abstract interpretation that is familiar to everyone is the rule of signs.
		The concept of abstract interpretation is general and can be applied to any programming language, and many compilers use it to gain information for use in optimization.
		This section on abstract interpretation has shown by examples how abstract interpretation works and how it can be used to infer interesting run-time properties of logic programs.
	www.informatik.uni-trier.de /~ruttgers/Lexicon/absint/node3.html (655 words)

	Abstract interpretation
		Abstract interpretation is a semantics-based program analysis method.
		pseudo evaluation: running an abstract interpreter using abstract instead of concrete values.
		Abstract Interpretation of Declarative Langueges, Samson Abramsky and Chris Hankin, Ellis Hordwood Books in Computing Science, Seires in Computer and Their Applications, 1987.
	www.ecs.soton.ac.uk /~la/work/Abstract_interpretation.htm (565 words)

	french abstract art - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library
		Abstract art--Criticism and interpretation, Abstract art--Research, Art, Abstract--Criticism and interpretation, Art, Abstract--Research, Painting (Art)--Criticism and interpretation, Painting (Art)--Research, Painting--Criticism and interpretation, Painting--Research
		Abstract Expressionism crops up in Cones narrative of French art under Vichy as well, in her...
		Foremost is James Ensor, an individualistic...Margritte; and the later painters of the abstract school Anne Bonnet and Louis van Lint...
	www.questia.com /search/french-abstract-art (1823 words)

	Third International Workshop on Verification, Model Checking and Abstract Interpretation
		The Third International Workshop on Verification, Model Checking and Abstract Interpretation follows the successful events held in Port Jefferson, NY, USA, October 1997, and in Pisa, Italy, September 1999.
		Model checking is a specific approach to the verification of temporal properties of reactive and concurrent systems, which has proven successful in the area of finite-state programs.
		Abstract interpretation is a method for designing and comparing semantics of programs, expressing various types of programs properties; in particular, it has been successfully used to infer run-time program properties that can be valuable to optimize programs.
	www.dsi.unive.it /~cortesi/vmcai02.htm (235 words)

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