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Topic: Abstract objects

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	Abstract Objects (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Abstract objects are defined as those that lack certain features possessed by paradigmatic concrete things.
		But it is unclear what it means to call an object mental or mind-dependent; and to the extent that the notion is intelligible, it is quite unclear whether abstract objects in general satisfy the condition.
		The only reason to resist this natural description would appear to be the thought that since chess is clearly an abstract object (it's not a physical object, after all!), and since abstract objects do not exist in spacetime (by definition!), chess must resemble the cosine function in its relation to space and time.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/abstract-objects (4141 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Category:Abstraction
		To say that a physical object is concrete is to say, approximately, that it is a particular individual that is located at a particular place and time.
		Abstract things are sometimes defined as those things that do not exist in reality or exist only as sensory experience, like red.
		English language and many other languages wherein abstract objects are referred to using the same sorts of nouns that signify concrete objects.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Category:Abstraction (940 words)

	The Theory of Abstract Objects
		The theory of abstract objects is a metaphysical theory.
		Abstract objects are the objects that are presupposed by our scientific conceptual framework.
		Though the theory of abstract objects has been presented in books and articles, there is one unpublished source in which all the theorems of the theory are compiled in one place.
	mally.stanford.edu /theory.html (1072 words)

	Steps towards a logic of natural objects
		The natural objects that I propose to consider are broadly those physical objects which are studied and referred to by science and by a common sense view, informed by science, of the world.
		A pair of objects is not, usually, a single object (although in special cases one will consider certain pairs as a unit; for example a married couple is an object in legal considerations).
		The principle of the indescribability of objects provides a contrast between natural objects and abstract objects: in set theory, the exact specification and construction of objects using Comprehension and the other constructive axioms is essential.
	faculty.baruch.cuny.edu /lkirby/naturalobjects.html (5074 words)

	Mathematical Objects
		Mathematical objects are what we talk and write about when we do math.
		object in a sentence, and can be described as having properties in the same way that we would describe a physical object having properties.
		The idea of distinguishing between abstract objects and math objects and in particular the hole in the schedule example are from
	www.abstractmath.org /MM/MMMathObj.htm (2324 words)

	Guide to Reality: Making Abstract Truths Intelligible
		The problem with abstract objects is that their existence seems required to provide truthmakers for our propositions about them.
		In modern discussions, abstract objects are causally inert by definition.
		Unactualized possibilities may be considered “abstract” in that they are non-concrete yet real, and abstract seems as good a term as any for this mode of being (see note on terminology at end of post).
	guidetoreality.blogspot.com /2007/01/making-abstract-truths-intelligible.html (631 words)

	Rule principles [was: An abstract rule model]
		The state of an object at a given instant in time is the condition of the object that determines the set of all sequences of actions in which the object can take part.
		The condition of an object is determined by its predicates and the objects in the roles of these predicates.
		The constraint is expressed as a set of events having been raised or not raised, or the objects involved or their environment being in a specified state.
	www.omg.org /archives/businessrules/msg01154.html (824 words)

	UniOS - Object Abstract Model
		Objects that have only events (code that works when it sees an event from the watcher object) can also be loaded at startup also.
		Objects (including hardware abstracts) pass all information through the watcher object which can be used for diagnostic purposes, event driven scripting/programming, or even AI intervention/interaction modules.
		The object would contain the architecture and abstracts it was compiled for, and if they do not match up, would re-compile to fit the machine.
	tunes.org /~unios/object_abstract.html (459 words)

	Ephilosopher :: Metaphysics and Epistemology :: The Ontology of Abstract Objects: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Remember, although all abstract objects are immaterial, it doesn’t mean all immaterial objects are abstract.
		If you simply mean that non-abstract things instantiate abstract properties then that's very different to saying that the things which instantiate those properties are themselves abstract in an ontological sense.
		I never thought I would be arguing over what an abstract object is. Nevertheless, I never said that because something does not exist that it is an abstract object, although it may be.
	www.ephilosopher.com /phpBB_14-action-viewtopic-topic-6331.html (2400 words)

	GRAPHIC ART GALLERY - ABSTRACT ART
		An exclusive exhibition of abstract paintings by German artist MO is currently on show at the Graphic Art Gallery in Bondi Junction.
		MO's abstract paintings are free of any objects or forms, as we recognise them in the real world.
		MO studied abstract art in Germany with Professor Ralf Cavael, a friend and associate of Kandinsky, who is recognised as the father of abstract art.
	www.graphicartgallery.com.au /GAG_ABSTRACT_ART.html (307 words)

	Abstract -- Intelligent Caching for WWW Objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Objects are removed from the short-term cache by the cache manager.
		Objects are ranked by a metric which is based on when the object was last accessed, how frequently it has been accessed, and its size.
		When the cache manager places an object into the long-term cache, the object is registered with the cache daemon at the remote site.
	www.isoc.org /HMP/PAPER/139/abst.html (584 words)

	Citations: Reference to abstract objects in discourse - Asher (ResearchIndex)
		As there are many different types of abstract objects, this chapter will be concerned with defining them and describing the rules governing discourse deictic reference.
		In this case the anaphor points to the linguistic object the utterance itself and not anything it refers to or expresses.
		ABSTRACT OBJECTS 103 the anaphor using, for example, a clause or a VP, often the constituents required to do this are discontinuous in the antecedent....
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/9628/0 (1911 words)

	Ed Brandon - Propositions and other Abstract Objects PH3903
		For a lively and sceptical discussion of abstract objects, see Rosen in the SEP 'Abstract Objects'.
		Loux usually takes universals and propositions to be abstract and takes this to mean that they are not in space-time and not in causal relations with things that are in space-time.
		Another kind of thought is of the abstract as the opposite of the concrete where this does involve being in space-time and in causal connection with other things.
	www.cavehill.uwi.edu /bnccde/PH39C/meta9.html (1428 words)

	ABSTRACT - Cross-Referencing and Impact Analysis for the AS/400 and iSeries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		All versions of ABSTRACT use the same cross-reference database resident on the System i, and all versions are included in the license fee.
		ABSTRACT simplifies System i development tasks and will help you be more productive, whether you’re maintaining existing applications or developing new ones.
		Recreates all affected objects after changes are made to a physical file record layout and/or programs are modified.
	www.asc-iseries.com /abstract (377 words)

	The Metaphysics Research Lab
		Whereas physics is the attempt to discover the laws that govern fundamental concrete objects, metaphysics is the attempt to discover the laws that systematize the fundamental abstract objects presupposed by physical science, such as natural numbers, real numbers, functions, sets and properties, physically possible objects and events, to name just a few.
		The goal of metaphysics, therefore, is to develop a formal ontology, i.e., a formally precise systematization of these abstract objects.
		Such a theory will be compatible with the world view of natural science if the abstract objects postulated by the theory are conceived as patterns of the natural world.
	mally.stanford.edu (702 words)

	American Abstract Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Pelton's objects tend to be floating up in the sky, as if they were heavenly revelations or visions.
		Bisttram's objects tend to have at least one side or axis parallel to the sides of the canvas, giving his works a strongly rectilinear look.
		Bisttram also uses transparency effects: one object will be seen "through" another object, with colors of the region modified to give the effect of seeing it through a different colored region.
	members.aol.com /MG4273/abstract.htm (2290 words)

	Abstract of ‘Symmetry, Structure and the Constitution of Objects’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Abstract of 'Symmetry, Structure and the Constitution of Objects'
		In this paper I focus on the impact on structuralism of the quantum treatment of objects in terms of symmetry groups and, in particular, on the question as to how we might eliminate, or better, reconceptualise such objects in structural terms.
		With regard to the former, both Cassirer and Eddington not only explicitly and famously tied their structuralism to the development of group theory but also drew on the quantum treatment in order to further their structuralist aims and here I sketch the relevant history with an eye on what lessons might be drawn.
	www.lse.ac.uk /collections/CPNSS/projects/structuralism/abstracts/symmetryStructureAndTheConstitutionOfObjects.htm (149 words)

	Best free abstract downloads. 3D Aquarium abstract. Represents association of the abstract 3D-objects. Estimation, Rate ...
		The object is created by an artist and put into a computer.
		This is a fantastic Abstract Screensaver with outstanding slide show and fancy high quality graphics.
		The samples you replicate are being approximations of real objects, which are easily to recognize by shapes.
	www.freedownloadmanager.org /downloads/abstract_software (544 words)

	Doxazo Theos » Blog Archive » The Conceptualist Argument
		Usually contrasted with concrete objects, abstract entities are things like numbers, sets (and other mathematical entities), propositions, properties (and universals), values, relations, laws, theories, etc. What all of these entities seem to have in common is the curious possession of positive ontic status without spatiotemporal extension.
		With Platonism, conceptualism affirms the necessary existence of abstract objects but maintains their existence is conceptual in nature; that is, they exist not inexplicably a se but as concepts to be had by minds.
		But if abstract objects exist and are mental concepts, but are not mental concepts of humans, then they must conceptually reside within another kind of mind—a mind that has the capacity to host such (metaphysically necessary) infinitude.
	www.doxazotheos.com /?p=39 (1632 words)

	Java(TM) 2 Platform, Standard Edition, v1.2.2 API Specification: Class NVList
		object, which must be between zero and the length of the list minus one, inclusive.
		objects following the one removed are shifted down by one.
		object to be removed, which must be between zero and the length of the list minus one, inclusive.
	www.novell.com /documentation/extendas35/docs/help/java/jdk/api/org/omg/CORBA/NVList.html (411 words)

	Java(TM) 2 Platform, Standard Edition, v1.2.2 API Specification: Class GraphicsEnvironment
		This is an abstract class and cannot be instantiated directly.
		object more flexibility in choosing its own best match among multiple fonts in the same font family.
		object that represents a particular geographical, political, or cultural region
	www.novell.com /documentation/extendas35/docs/help/java/jdk/api/java/awt/GraphicsEnvironment.html (511 words)

	notes on: The Theory of Abstract Objects
		Metaphysics can be conducted as an entirely abstract theoretical study of certain possible structures for the concrete universe or parts of it, in which case it is, like mathematics, a branch of applied logic.
		In Factasia, logic, including abstract ontology, and the mathematics necessary for science, are pre-requisite to metaphysics, not a part of it.
		To the extent that such entities are required for logic or mathematics then they are considered in Factasia to be a part of logic or mathematics, and for these purposes set theory suffices (though other alternatives may be equally acceptable).
	www.rbjones.com /rbjpub/philos/bibliog/zalta98a.htm (983 words)

	Core J2EE Patterns - Data Access Object
		It is the object that requires access to the data source to obtain and store data.
		The DataAccessObject is the primary object of this pattern.
		The DAOs create an additional layer of objects between the data client and the data source that need to be designed and implemented to leverage the benefits of this pattern.
	java.sun.com /blueprints/corej2eepatterns/Patterns/DataAccessObject.html (2845 words)

	Mock Objects
		I wonder if this is a defensive reaction because the authors of the examples don’t want to have to justify making you fundamentally alter your coding habits and re-write all of your existing code just so that you can use their pet objects.
		Mock objects help guide object-oriented programming by concentrating on what objects do, no what they are.
		Routinely test-driving code with mock objects leads to premature object composition, hard-to-read and fragile code, and lost time.
	www.mockobjects.com (2133 words)

	Re: [topicmaps-comment] Notions have existence .....
		A brief tupennorth on this debate: abstract objects are useful whether they're real or not; subjectIdentity elements are useful either way; beware technical solutions to non-technical problems.
		For example, it's hard to think of any work on Beethoven's Fifth Symphony to which it would make any difference whether the abstract object 'Beethoven's Fifth Symphony' was real or whether it was a convenient conventional fiction to facilitate discussion and research.
		From a Platonist point of view all abstract objects (Forms) are necessarily changeless and eternal.
	www.oasis-open.org /archives/topicmaps-comment/200110/msg00087.html (657 words)

	Art Girls Gallery - the Abstract Art of Robin Ann Walker
		This is why we are tempted to look for objects in paintings where there aren't any.
		For this reason it is more of a challenge to create an abstract painting that has meaning.
		All the elements of good representational art should be present, namely color, form, composition, perspective, etc. It can be compared to abstract music (music where a melody cannot be discerned).
	www.art-girls.com /Abstract/AbstractMenu.html (425 words)

	MULTIUSER UIMS
		It is possible to use this separation in a multiuser UIMS to provide high-level abstractions for supporting sharing of both semantic values and their screen representations, as illustrated by the work on Rendezvous [Pat90] [Pat91].
		An abstract object is shared among a group of users by creating a view object for each of these users and defining constraints that keep the abstract object consistent with its view objects.
		All abstract objects would be stored in a single abstract process while the view objects created for different users would be kept in different view processes.
	www.cs.unc.edu /~dewan/abstracts/trends/node11.html (693 words)

	svk årsskrift 2001
		The longtime preserving effects of the method are despite that not fully understood nor are the administrative and jurisdictional implications of its use.
		The meeting concluded that reburial is a method that could be used if it is done with consideration and also that a reburial site is not an ancient monument or site and therefore not protected by the legislation for the protection of cultural heritage, but a storage room and the owner, eg.
		The crucifix was reconserved at SVK and samples were taken for analyses to cast some light regarding the age of the object.
	www.svk.com /arsskr/ars2001.htm (1712 words)

	Creating AJAX Requester Objects with Abstract Factory Classes in PHP 5
		The abstract factory pattern can be useful if you’re developing a PHP application that needs to create diverse objects in multiple contexts.
		Welcome to the second installment of the series “Using abstract factory classes in PHP 5.” In a step-by-step guide, this series teaches you how to create abstract factory classes in PHP 5 by providing you with a wealth of educational examples on the topic.
		Basically, when this pattern is applied, there's an abstract factory class which defines what type of objects should be created by the corresponding concrete factories.
	www.devshed.com /c/a/PHP/Creating-AJAX-Requester-Objects-with-Abstract-Factory-Classes-in-PHP-5 (1153 words)

	4.3 Abstract Statements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The notation of abstract statements may range from very mathematical to a syntax similar to implementation languages.
		Using abstract statements, we get a seamless refinement approach without a paradigm change from initial specification to implementation.
		Specifications by abstract statements come close to contracts as proposed by Helm et al.
	www.cs.iastate.edu /~leavens/FoCBS/buechi-node10.html (230 words)

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