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Topic: Abstraction philosophy

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	CONK! Encyclopedia: Abstraction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Abstraction uses a strategy of simplification of detail, wherein formerly concrete details are left ambiguous, vague, or undefined; thus speaking of things in the abstract demands that the listener have an intuitive or common experience with the speaker, if the speaker expects to be understood (as in picture 1, to the right).
		Abstractions sometimes have ambiguous referents; for example, "happiness" (when used as an abstraction) can refer to many things as there are people and events or states of being which make them happy.
		Abstraction in philosophy is the (oft-alleged) process, in concept-formation, of recognizing some common feature among a number of individuals, and on that basis forming the concept of that feature.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Abstraction (1584 words)

	Abstraction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An abstraction is an idea, concept, or word which defines the phenomena which make up the concrete events or things which the abstraction refers to, the referents.
		Abstractions are sometimes used that have ambiguous referents, for example, "happiness" used as an abstraction, can refer to as many things as there are people and events or which make them happy.
		Abstraction in philosophy is the (oft-alleged) process, in, of recognizing among a number of individuals some common feature, and on that basis forming the concept of that feature.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Abstraction (1467 words)

	FT May 2001: The Christianity of Philosophy
		On the contrary, philosophy is often considered to have ceased rather than to have been superseded after the ascendance of Christianity, not to be revived until around the time of Descartes, when the hegemonic power of an authoritarian Church had begun to decline.
		Philosophy in this narrow sense, where it is, for purposes of formal clarification, identified with the preambles to Christian wisdom, was reached by prescinding from the lived context of ancient philosophy and from the lived love of wisdom that motivated ancient philosophers.
		Academic philosophy as we now know it was born as the concretizing of a medieval abstraction and indeed also as the handmaid of technological science for the conquest of nature.
	www.leaderu.com /ftissues/ft0105/articles/simpson.html (4062 words)

	Abstraction article - Abstraction abstract (disambiguation) thought process ideas objects concrete - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Abstraction is the thought process wherein ideas are distanced from objects.
		Abstraction uses a strategy of simplification of detail, wherein formerly concrete details are left ambiguous, vague, or undefined; thus speaking of things in the abstract demands that the listener have an intuitive or common experience with the speaker, if the speaker expects to be understood.
		If we say that properties and relations are, or have being, clearly we mean they have a different sort of being from that which physical objects, like rocks and trees, have.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Abstract (774 words)

	What is Philosophy? - A Debate between Altieri and Hodge
		Inasmuch as abstraction (as in theory) is a part of the discipline, the abstraction itself is not the subject of investigation, but rather used to explain the existence of the concrete particular.
		Philosophy does have a specific methodology, that of qualitative analysis, and specific topics of study, that of abstractions and universals.
		Both are committed to treating philosophy as in some way privileged to address other areas of inquiry, and as treating something about those areas which is missed by the disciplines which we normally consider as having those fields as their subject.
	examinedlifejournal.com /archives/vol1ed2/debate.html (6271 words)

	Feuerbach - Provisional Theses for the Reformation of Philosophy
		Philosophy which derives the finite from the infinite or the determined from the undetermined never arrives at a true position of the finite and determined.
		Philosophy is the knowledge of what is. Things and essences are to be thought and to be known just as they are – this is the highest law, the foremost task of philosophy.
		Philosophy of Right], §190, it reads: ‘In law the object is the person, in the moral sphere the subject, in the family the family member, in the civil society in general the citizen (as bourgeois).
	www.sussex.ac.uk /Users/sefd0/tx/pt.htm (5802 words)

	Clarifying the Nature of Conceptualizations about Nursing, by June F. Kikuchi, CJNR 30(4): 115-128, 1999
		Philosophy, dealing with the immaterial and nonobservable aspects of entities, operates at the third degree, the furthest removed from matter and therefore the most abstract.
		Fawcett (1993) outlines the substantive content of philosophies: Philosophies encompass ontological claims about the nature of human beings and the goal of the discipline, epistemic claims regarding how knowledge is developed, and ethical claims about what the members of a discipline should do (Salsberry, 1991).
		Fawcett could argue that philosophies and the metaparadigm are not alike because philosophies are not perspective-neutral (i.e., they are perspective-oriented) in that they are world views (Fawcett, 1993) and the metaparadigm is perspective-neutral (1995).
	www.cjnr.nursing.mcgill.ca /archive/30/30_4_kikuchi.html (4139 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Friedrich von Schlegel (1772-1829): German Romanticism in Philosophy
		That species of philosophy which revolves in the dialectical orbit of abstract ideas, according to its peculiar character presupposes and requires a well-practised talent of abstraction, perpetually ascending through higher grades to the very highest, and even then boldly venturing a step beyond.
		In such a system the philosophy of life is the chief and paramount object of interest; while the philosophy of the school, or the scientific teaching of it in the schools, however necessary and valuable in its place, is still, as compared with the whole thing itself, only secondary and subordinate.
		Philosophy is the science of consciousness alone; it has, therefore, primarily to occupy itself with soul and spirit or 'mind, and must carefully guard against transgressing its limits in any respect.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/schlegel-romanticism.html (1175 words)

	5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Abstraction is a further process in the forward movement of the activity of understanding.
		As indicated in the caption of this chapter, abstraction is nothing more complicated that grasping the essential and putting aside the incidental; it is separating the important from the unimportant, the significant from the insignificant, the sense from the nonsense.
		Philosophy is then a matter of the interrelation of concepts, their division and definition; it becomes removed from reality; it becomes more and more abstract, more and more unreal, and more and more useless.
	www.lonergan.org /Online_Books/cronin/5.htm (11827 words)

	Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		I was particularly fascinated with the origin and meaning of existence (ontology) and the origin of the universe (cosmology) and to a lesser degree with the nature of knowledge (epistemology).
		Think of abstraction as objectivity, interpretation as subjectivity; of abstraction as universality, of interpretation as individuality; of abstraction as generalization, of interpretation as specialization.
		Like abstraction, it is comprehended as a whole rather than as a process or as pieces.
	home.pacbell.net /tahl/philosophy.htm (1096 words)

	Critique of Hegel's Philosophy in General, Marx, 1844 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Therefore, that which constitutes the essence of philosophy – the alienation of man who knows himself, or alienated science thinking itself - Hegel grasps as its essence; and in contradistinction to previous philosophy he is therefore able to combine its separate aspects, and to present his philosophy as the philosophy.
		But atheism and communism are no flight, no abstraction, no loss of the objective world created by man – of man’s essential powers born to the realm of objectivity; they are not a returning in poverty to unnatural, primitive simplicity.
		But abstraction comprehending itself as abstraction knows itself to be nothing: it must abandon itself – abandon abstraction – and so it arrives at an entity which is its exact opposite – at nature.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/hegel.htm (5576 words)

	SELECTION TYPE THEORIES*
		Once constructed, this abstraction provides a useful tool for analyzing the nature of other selection theories and may be of use in new instances of theory construction.
		Finding such abstractions is a task in a larger research program, which is based on the assumption that some scientific theories are representative of types of theories that solve types of problems.
		Instantiating the variables in our abstraction for Edelman’s theory shows the vagueness in his theory as to the nature of the relation between the variations and the critical factor in the signal that interacts with the variant groups.
	www.philosophy.umd.edu /Faculty/LDarden/Research/pubs/dardencain.html (8959 words)

	Existentialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Existentialism is more than anything else a revolt against excessive abstraction in philosophy and in human life in general.
		Existentialists see abstraction in the "leveling down" of human life by diverse forces of homogenization, such as universal morality and rationality, mass society, and modern science.
		In each of these forces existentialists see a threat to human freedom, a threat to the individual’s distinctive identity and her ability to commit herself in her own voice (rather than in the voice of reason or morality or custom) to a life-defining commitment.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/blattnew/exist (750 words)

	Home/Think/Abstraction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mathematics is a subject that really involves a lot of abstraction, so it's probably one of the best places to look for inspiration.
		Now, encapsulation is a great mechanism for abstraction; however, data-hiding is a dangerous trend in language design.
		Even when the abstractions "break", I spend MUCH less time debugging things than if I were using something like C, and I seriously doubt I went through more pain becoming a proficient hacker with Python than a hacker becoming proficient with C (I bet most proficient C hackers would even agree with this).
	radix.twistedmatrix.com /Think/Abstraction (967 words)

	News & Letters - The Journal of Marxist-Humanism - October '99
		Philosophy, she argues, can explain the NECESSITY and REASON for the existing world, but it cannot provide an explanation for how and why to change it.
		Yes, we are ruled by "abstractions"; yes, philosophy has often served as the vehicle of their rule by explaining the necessity of what is, instead of what can be.
		This question, it seems to me, is precisely what compels a turn to philosophy-not a philosophy of "reconciliation," but one so imbued with negativity that it is negative even in regard to its own assumptions and concretizations.
	www.newsandletters.org /Issues/1999/Oct/10.99_bublitz.htm (1468 words)

	MODERN PHILOSOPHY
		Another way of seeing the relationship between philosophy and theology or reason and faith in Aquinas, which casts a tremendous light on this relationship, is Aquinas’ notion of the preambles of faith.
		Lurking beneath this dispute, per McInerny in A History of Western Philosophy, Volume II, is an attitude as to the range of human reason, which is a robust sense of range for Aquinas.
		In 1879, Leo XIII in Aeterni Patris, On Christian Philosophy, urged a return to the study of the Angelic Doctor as a remedy of the social ills engulfing the culture of the time.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/g/l/glm7/m113.htm (3726 words)

	Topics in Philosophy: Abstraction
		In beginning undergraduate philosophy courses, the Platonic or Realist (or Husserlian) example oftentimes given is the 'Idea' behind the 'chair.' The chair changes over time, but the Idea of chair remains outside space and time.
		Abstraction in the Twentieth Century: Total Risk, Freedom, Discipline by: Mark Rosenthal
		Ornament and Abstraction by: Fondation Beyeler, Markus Brï¿¼derlin
	www.erraticimpact.com /philosophy/topics/topics_details.cfm?ID=6 (429 words)

	Applelust.com: Infinite Loop - Mac Philosophy Part One - Steve Jobs
		Bryan Chaffin over at MacObserver has dabbled in objectivist philosophy; Dan Knight over at LowEndMac has some formal training in philosophy from Calvin College and is comfortable using words like "foundationalism"; Charles W. Moore at AppleLinks, while lacking formal training, is very well-read in matters theo-philosophical.
		Philosophy doesn't work that way, and he is serious enough to know that (unlike many who comment on him).
		Despite all of its abstraction, philosophy remains a real-world pursuit in which one deeply engages his world in practical ways; it influences and permeates every facet of one's life when it is done right.
	www.applelust.com /oped/Loop/Archives/loop_24_macphil.html (2205 words)

	Abstraction - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Something is often considered abstract if it does not exist at any particular place and time but instances, or members, if it can exist in many different places and/or times (we say that what is abstract can be multiply instantiated).
		An abstraction can be seen as a process of mapping multiple different pieces of constituent data to a single piece of abstract data based on similarities in the consituent data, for example many different physical cars map to the abstraction "automobile".
		Data Abstraction and Problem Solving with C++ : Walls and Mirrors (4th Edition)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /abstraction.htm (965 words)

	fine art photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It took a great deal of soul searching before I finally decided to create this web site and galleries to showcase my abstract and near abstract photographs, and a place to post my essays on the philosophy thereof, and critiques of the art in general.
		Whether it’s a dark tree on a blustery day, or a flower bud opening- by isolating subjects, pushing them towards abstraction, or beyond, it’s possible to see that like a fractal image, there's another world within each.
		I’ve loosely divided my photos into three galleries, plus a Mount Diablo gallery as there seems to be a fair amount of interest in pictures taken on the mountain or its surrounding open space.
	www.naturalabstraction.com (749 words)

	CV - Schwartzman (Nov 2000)
		M.A. in Philosophy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1997.
		B.A. in Philosophy and Women's Studies, University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), 1991.
		"Liberal Abstraction and the Inattention to Social Relations of Power: A Critique of Dworkin's 'Equality of Resources'," North American Society for Social Philosophy Fifteenth International Conference, Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts, North Adams, Massachusetts, August 8, 1998.
	www.msu.edu /user/lhschwar/vita.htm (867 words)

	DOLHENTY ARCHIVE: Being and Existence - A
		This process can be called total abstraction, the abstraction of the universal whole in progressive stages.
		Formal abstraction itself can take place on different intellectual levels as we penetrate further and further into reality.
		It doesn't matter whether we first become aware of a green leaf or a green automobile, we can still deal with the concept of greenness in and of itself.
	radicalacademy.com /ontologya.htm (859 words)

	abstraction - OneLook Dictionary Search
		ABSTRACTION : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
		Phrases that include abstraction: hardware abstraction layer, lambda abstraction, semi abstraction, data abstraction, beta abstraction, more...
		Words similar to abstraction: abstract, abstractedness, abstractional, abstractive, extraction, generalization, more...
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=abstraction (331 words)

	Cogprints - Complex Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As science, knowledge, and ideas evolve and are increased and refined, the branches of philosophy in charge of describing them should also be increased and refined.
		Abstraction levels represent simplicities and regularities in nature.
		We make an ontological distinction of absolute being and relative being, and then discuss issues on causality, metaphysics, and determinism.
	cogprints.org /1900 (268 words)

Abstraction : Abstraction (philosophy) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)

Abstraction : Abstraction (philosophy)

Abstraction : Abstraction (philosophy)
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