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Topic: Abstraction in object oriented programming

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	abstraction in object-oriented programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is by analogy with abstraction in mathematics.
		Data abstraction is the enforcement of a clear separation between the abstract properties of a data type and the concrete details of its implementation.
		Object-oriented languages are commonly claimed to offer data abstraction; however, their inheritance concept tends to put information in the interface that more properly belongs in the implementation; thus, changes to such information ends up impacting client code, leading directly to the fragile base class problem.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Abstraction_in_object-oriented_programming.html (1320 words)

	Abstraction (computer science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In object-oriented programming theory, abstraction is the facility to define objects that represent abstract "actors" that can perform work, report on and change their state, and "communicate" with other objects in the system.
		Abstraction may be exact or faithful with respect to a property if it is possible to answer a question about the property equally well on the concrete or abstract model.
		Abstractions are useful when dealing with computer programs, because non-trivial properties of computer programs are essentially undecidable (see Rice's theorem).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abstraction_%28programming%29 (2201 words)

	Object-oriented programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Object s - packaging data and functionality together into units within a running computer program ; object s are the basis of modularity and structure in an object-oriented computer program.
		An object is similar to a structure, with the addition of method pointers, member access control, and an implicit data member which locates instances of the class (i.e.: actual objects of that class) in the class hierarchy (essential for runtime inheritance features).
		Object-oriented programming "took off" as the dominant programming methodology during the mid-1980s, largely due to the influence of C++, an extension of the C programming language.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Object-oriented_programming.html (3005 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The goal of abstraction is to isolate those aspects that are important for some purpose and suppress those aspects that are unimportant." -- [Rumbaugh et al, 1991] "The meaning [of abstraction] given by the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) closest to the meaning intended here is 'The act of separating in thought'.
		Usually, abstraction is not defined in terms of information hiding, e.g., note the use of words such as "ignore" and "extracting." However, we should also note the use of the words "suppress" and "suppressing" in some of the above examples.
		Using data abstraction, we would say that a list is a place where we can store information, but how the list is actually implemented (e.g., as an array or as a series of linked locations) is unimportant and should be hidden.
	www.toa.com /pub/abstraction.txt (2677 words)

	Object-oriented programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An object-oriented programming language is one that allows or encourages, to some degree, object-oriented programming methods.
		Though Simula (1967), a language created for making simulation programs, was probably the first language to have the primary features of an object-oriented language, Smalltalk is arguably the canonical example, and the one with which much of the theory of object-oriented programming was developed.
		Inheritance and polymorphism are usually used to reduce, but abstraction and encapsulation are used to increase code clarity, quite independent of the other two.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Object-oriented_programming_language (208 words)

	Object-oriented programming article - Object-oriented programming programming paradigm Objects computer program objects ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Polymorphism - References to and collections of objects may refer to objects of different types, and invoking an operation on a reference will produce behavior depending on the actual type of the referent.
		The fundamental principle of object-oriented programming is that a computer program is composed of a collection of individual units, or objects which can function like sub-programs.
		Objects' data is generally required to satisfy programmer-defined constraints (e.g.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Object-oriented (2969 words)

	Abstraction (computer science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Roughly speaking, abstraction can be either that of control or data.
		Model checking is generally performed on abstract versions of the studied systems.
		Some design processes specifically generate designs that contain various levels of abstraction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abstraction_%28computer_science%29 (2201 words)

	abstraction - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Abstraction (from the Latin abs, meaning away from and trahere, meaning to draw) is the process of taking away or removing characteristics from something in order to reduce it to a set of essential characteristics.
		In object-oriented programming, abstraction is one of three central principles (along with encapsulation and inheritance).
		In the process of abstraction, the programmer tries to ensure that the entity is named in a manner that will make sense and that it will have all the relevant aspects included and none of the extraneous ones.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci343038,00.html (397 words)

	Object Oriented Programming
		I had only one goal, and it was to make the reader understand of the huge and concrete concept of object oriented programming (or object orientation).
		Probably the most important thing I would like you to take away from this report is the idea that programming in an object oriented concept or language is more than just learning new functions, syntax, etc. Since OOP is more than learning a new language; it requires a new way of thinking.
		Object oriented programming brings this same level of abstraction to programming and helps remove some of the impediments to building larger systems.
	www.oop.esmartkid.com (1097 words)

	ipedia.com: Object-oriented programming Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This is typically done by grouping objects into classes, and defining classeses as extensions of existing classes, thus and grouping classes into trees or lattices reflecting behavioral commonality.
		In the most general sense, object-oriented programming refers to the practice of viewing software primarily in terms of the "things" (objectss) it manipulates, rather than the actions it performs.
		In this model, objects are entities that combine state (i.e., data), behavior (i.e., procedures, or methodss) and identity (unique existence among all other objects).
	www.ipedia.com /object_oriented_programming_1.html (2835 words)

	Object Oriented Fortran 90 Programming
		We have written a variety of object-oriented plasma particle-in-cell programs on sequential workstations and high performance distributed memory computers in Fortran 90 and C++.
		All of our Fortran 90 programs execute more quickly than the equivalent C++ versions, yet the abstraction modeling capabilities that we needed were comparably powerful.
		F is simple, inexpensive, and encourages good programming style compatible with Fortran 90.
	www.cs.rpi.edu /~szymansk/oof90.html (453 words)

	Survey of Object Oriented Programming Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		With all the various ``Object Oriented Programming Languages'' and ``Object Oriented Processes'' and ``Object Oriented Basket Weaving'' in the world today, it seems that establishing a clear definition of what it means to be object oriented, is impossible.
		If the message is not found in one of the objects slots, then the pointer in the slot named ``parent'' (which every object has as a result of cloning) is accessed, and the message lookup on the slots recurses up the parent pointers.
		Object oriented features of C++ include: Virtual (abstract) functions - resulting in virtual classes, public/private/protected access control over individual member functions and attributes, friend classes (for allowing explicitly named classes to access private state), nested classes, multiple inheritance (for sub-typing and code sharing) with method redefinition, and templated (generic) classes and functions.
	www.rescomp.berkeley.edu /~hossman/cs263/paper.html (4325 words)

	What is object-oriented programming? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		A type of programming in which programmers define not only the data type of a data structure, but also the types of operations (functions) that can be applied to the data structure.
		One of the principal advantages of object-oriented programming techniques over procedural programming techniques is that they enable programmers to create modules that do not need to be changed when a new type of object is added.
		Extensive collection of links to object oriented resources along with categories for distributed objects, methods and tools, languages, databases and repositories, advanced topics, and services and companies.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/o/object_oriented_programming_OOP.html (446 words)

	RAPL 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In this talk, we develop a coherent semantic model of objects with state and data abstraction in the style of commonly used object-oriented programming languages.
		He is also interested in programming language semantics, in particular, using Horn Logic as a formalism for expressing semantics of programming languages.
		Uday Reddy is the Professor of Programming Languages at the University of Birmingham in England.
	www.cse.iitd.ernet.in /~fsttcs20/rapl.html (1194 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming explains all the key technical concepts and goes on to explore the "whys" of programming, such as why a program that one programmer could write in two months probably couldn't be written by two programmers in one month.
		This book then goes beyond the basics to show why the object concept is strong in terms of design and economics, allowing readers to grasp more than just the technical aspects of the subject.
		This book is useful if you have some experience in programming, but want to expand your knowledge into object orientation by way of clear examples and technical but far-reaching prose.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0201824191?v=glance (1583 words)

	A Laboratory For Teaching Object-Oriented Thinking
		The most difficult problem in teaching object- oriented programming is getting the learner to give up the global knowledge of control that is possible with procedural programs, and rely on the local knowledge of objects to accomplish their tasks.
		Rather than try to make object design as much like procedural design as possible, we have found that the most effective way of teaching the idiomatic way of thinking with objects is to immerse the learner in the "object-ness" of the material.
		One of the contexts in which we have used CRC cards is a three-hour class entitled "Thinking with Objects," which is intended for computing professionals who have programmed, but whose jobs do not necessarily involve programming every day.
	c2.com /doc/oopsla89/paper.html (2435 words)

	Stroustrup: FAQ
		There are programs that are valid C but not valid C++ and even a few ways of writing code that has a different meaning in C and C++.
		Multiparadigm programming is a fancy way of saying "programming using more than one programming style, each to its best effect." For example, using object-oriented programming when run-time resolution between different object types is required and generic programming when static type safety and run-time performance is at a premium.
		Naturally, the main strength of multiparadigm programming is in programs where more than one paradigm (programming style) is used, so that it would be hard to get the same effect by composing a system out of parts written in languages supporting different paradigms.
	www.research.att.com /~bs/bs_faq.html (8800 words)

	Abstraction (computer science) : Abstraction in object-oriented programming
		Abstraction (computer science) : Abstraction in object-oriented programming
		In computer science, abstraction is a technique to factor out details and ease use of code and data.
		Object-oriented programming can be seen as an attemp to abstract both data and code.
	www.fastload.org /ab/Abstraction_in_object-oriented_programming.html (822 words)

	2.3 Data Abstraction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		C++, as an important part of object-oriented programming, also has significant data abstraction capabilities.
		For computational science much advantage can be obtained from data abstraction without the additional complexities of object-oriented programming, and therefore a slight edge is given to Fortran 90 in this area.
		Both Fortran 77 and C fall far short of both Fortran 90 and C++ here, though C is given the nod over Fortran 77 because of C's support of data structures.
	csep1.phy.ornl.gov /pl/node5.html (101 words)

	Finite Element and Numerical Methods with Object Oriented Programming in C++ -- for Constrained Optimization, ...
		Moreover, vs.lib can even be used as a stand-alone library by other object-oriented finite element programs as a rapid-appication-development tool to develop new elements effectively.
		With fe.lib, students now can be expected to hand in their finite element program assignment at the next class meeting, not at the end of a semester.
		In such a case, fe.lib serves as an example to demonstrate how vs.lib is used in the framework of finite element programming.
	www.vector-space.com (1532 words)

	Stroustrup: C++
		My book The C++ Programming Language (Special Edition) describes C++ as defined by the ISO standard.
		Th standard committee's technical report on implementation issues and programming techniques related to performance.
		High-performance numerical libraries provide excellent tests for interesting new programming techniques: The Object-Oriented Numerics Page is a list of libraries, projects, and mailing lists.
	www.research.att.com /~bs/C++.html (969 words)

	Syllabus for Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The course emphasizes modern software engineering principles and developing fundamental programming skills in the context of a language that supports the object-oriented paradigm.
		Copying a program is like copying a term paper, and may lead to expulsion from the University.
		For example, if you and a classmate are chatting in the hallway about how difficult a programming assignment is and your classmate opens his/her notebook to show you his/her hand written code, you should decline to see it.
	elvis.rowan.edu /~lobo/ioop/syllabus.html (869 words)

	Half Price Computer Books Canada: Data Abstraction and Object-Oriented Programming in C++ - 047192346x (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Explains the C++ programming language and how to use it to write abstract data types and object-oriented programs (OOPs).
		The first part explores the various abstract data types, focusing on their use in conventional procedural programs.
		The NIH (National Institutes of Health) Class Library is introduced and developed by the authors, and specific NIH library classes that support multiprogramming using coroutines are described.
	www.halfpricecomputerbooks.ca /book/047192346x (209 words)

	Joseph Bergin - Home Page
		Object Oriented Extensions to Pascal (ANSI working group report: Bergin et al.)
		KarelFixture -- a Fit/FitNesse fixture for exercising Karel J Robot programs
		"Karel++ A Gentle Introduction to the Art of Object Oriented Programming".
	csis.pace.edu /~bergin (979 words)

Abstraction (computer science) : Abstraction in object-oriented programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)

Abstraction (computer science) : Abstraction in object-oriented programming

Abstraction (computer science) : Abstraction in object-oriented programming
article at Free Euro Online Encyclopedia

It uses material from the wikipedia article Abstraction (computer science) : Abstraction in object-oriented programming.

www.eurofreehost.com /ab/Abstraction_in_object-oriented_programming.html (271 words)

	ECOOP'98 Web Site
		Using Subject-Oriented Programming to Overcome Common Problems in Object-Oriented Software Development and Evolution
		Object Discovery - A Process for Developing Medium-Sized Object-Oriented Applications
		An Object DBMS for Multimedia Presentations including Video Data
	ecoop98.vub.ac.be (323 words)

	Sather home page
		Sather is an object oriented language designed to be simple, efficient, safe, flexible and non-proprietary.
		One way of placing it in the "space of languages" is to say that it aims to be as efficient as C, C++, or Fortran, as elegant as and safer than Eiffel, and support higher-order functions and iteration abstraction as well as Common Lisp, CLU or Scheme.
		If you use Sather or find it of interest, send us a postcard!
	www.icsi.berkeley.edu /~sather (169 words)

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Topic: Abstraction in object oriented programming

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