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Topic: Abstraction inversion

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	Abstraction (computer science) Summary
		An example of this abstraction process is the generational development of programming languages from the machine language to the assembly language and the high-level language.
		Data abstraction is the enforcement of a clear separation between the abstract properties of a data type and the concrete details of its implementation.
		Object-oriented languages are commonly claimed to offer data abstraction; however, their inheritance concept tends to put information in the interface that more properly belongs in the implementation; thus, changes to such information ends up impacting client code, leading directly to the fragile base class problem.
	www.bookrags.com /Abstraction_(computer_science) (3088 words)

	Abstraction (computer science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		Examples are lambda abstractions (making a term into a function of some variable), higher-order functions (parameters are functions), bracket abstraction (making a term into a function of a variable).
		Data abstraction is the enforcement of a clear separation between the abstract properties of a data type and the concrete details of its implementation.
		Abstraction is the core concept of abstract interpretation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science) (2340 words)

	Encyclopedia: Abstraction inversion
		It is by analogy with abstraction Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalising it so that it has wider applications.
		The mathematical technique of abstraction begins with mathematical definitions definition may be a statement of the essential properties of a certain thing, or a statement of equivalence between a term and that term's meaning.
		When abstraction proceeds into the operations defined, enabling objects of different types to be substituted, it is called polymorphism polymorphism is the idea of allowing the same code to be used with different classes of data (which classes in typed languages correspond to types), resulting in more general and abstract implementations.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Abstraction-inversion (511 words)

	Abstraction inversion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer programming, abstraction inversion occurs when a programmer creates abstract (or simple) constructs on top of concrete (or complex) constructs.
		Abstraction inversion is an example of an anti-pattern.
		The term "abstraction inversion" is also sometimes misused as an insult against a certain architecture or design.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abstraction_inversion (220 words)

	Abstraction Inversion
		An abstraction inversion is therefore when a less abstract (more complicated) thing is used as the basis of a more abstract (less complicated) thing.
		The battery may be a simple abstraction, and there may exist several more complicated kinds of batteries, like electronically managed mobile phone batteries, or electronically controlled directional solar batteries, but nobody said anything about the batteries factory needing to be simpler than the battery itself.
		In this case, the abstraction inversion of using a cellphone to implement a landline is a bad thing, possible only because we're still using obsolete technology.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?AbstractionInversion (3399 words)

	Abstraction inversion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		In Computer programming, abstraction inversion occurs when a programmer creates simple constructs on top of complex constructs.
		Abstraction inversion is an example of an Anti-pattern.
		The term "abstraction inversion" is also sometimes misused as an insult against a certain architecture or design.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ab/Abstraction%20inversion.htm (121 words)

	In Search of the Silver Bullet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		Robert C. Martin seems to be struggling with layers and abstraction.
		Applying the dependency inversion principle seems to lead to higher levels of abstraction at lower layers.
		Higher abstraction does not have to coincode with this, although it usually does.
	jroller.com /page/ehautus?entry=layering_and_abstraction (427 words)

	The Tunes Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		Abstraction is the process of the mind by which an object is "abstracted" from its context, taken out of its context, so that a new context can be applied to it.
		That abstraction be possible is the basis of deductive and inductive thinking, and a well-developed ability of abstraction is what makes man's intelligence superior to all the other known living species.
		Abstraction inversion is what happens when program designers try to build simple things (generally, with respect to implementability) on top of complex "primitives" instead of building the complex things on top of simple primitives.
	www.rz.pp.ru /txt/tunes/papers/Glossary/index.html (16378 words)

	Abstraction inversion - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Abstraction inversion - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 05:45, 2 December 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Abstraction inversion contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Abstraction_inversion (222 words)

	Eunomia · Abstraction, Terrible Simplifiers and Abuses of Language
		An abstraction is something literally drawn out of reality (abstraho, abstraxi, abstractum) by the mind–it is a simplified description derived from a variety of real events, and it corresponds to none of these real things.
		Devotion to abstraction is ultimately devotion to fantasy, or at least a willingness to rely on untested (and untestable) assumptions; it is the man-made faith that the world really is a certain way, in spite of all the evidence telling us it is another way.
		It is the lover of abstractions who attaches arbitrary names to things and pretends that he is describing a reality upon which he is simply imposing empty or nearly-empty labels.
	larison.org /2004/08/19/abstraction-terrible-simplifiers-and-abuses-of-language (1957 words)

	[No title]
		This phenomenon is known as {\it{priority inversion}}, as the rules \index{priority inversion} regarding priority seem to have been turned around: in effect, M is holding up the higher priority task H. \epsffile{/usr/andy/docs/papers/taskingbook/chap12/inversion.ps} \cntr{Figure 12.1: Priority Inversion} \par\vspace{1.0\baselineskip} \par To limit the detrimental effect of priority inversion, some form of {\it{priority inheritance }}must be used.
		Priority inversion cannot be entirely removed as the integrity of the protected data must be ensured.
		This rule follows from the use of ceiling priorities and also the implementation scheme that allows the entry to be executed by the task that lowered the barrier (on behalf of the suspended task).
	www.cs.york.ac.uk /ftpdir/pub/CUP/12.tex (5124 words)

	Dentro la Notizia: uno sguardo oltre l'apparenza. Pensieri, notizie e riflessioni sull'esistenza umana
		Its most controversial issue is the inversion of the original active principle properties: if this inversion took place inside the homeopathic remedy, rather than inside the “patient’s” organism, it would baffle the mechanical laws.
		Hence the urgency of looking for a reasonable justification not only to the classical therapeutic inversion of the original substance but also to the classical therapeutic increase as the dilution of the original solution increases.
		The time-space inversion has to take place in the water solution and is evidently due to the homeopathic dilution-succussion procedure.
	www.dentrolanotizia.com /n/scienza/p/p5.php (2311 words)

	Abstraction inversion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		Abstraction of covariations in incidental learning and covariation bias.
		More generally, incidental covariation abstraction is a case in point in the current literature...
		En Computación, el antipatrón de diseño abstraction inversion o Inversión de abstracción ocurre cuando un programador crea una construcción simple que esconde una construcción muy complicada.
	enciclopedia.cc /Abstraction_inversion (328 words)

	HISTORY
		CLOP never overcame its experimental character, however: it dealt almost exclusively with the inversion of linear operators, and it stored its data in a proprietary and inefficient C++ package (M++).
		(1994) to prototype a new multiple inversion scheme rapidly, a work that might not have been attempted in a more traditional environment.
		Rather than casting the inversion in terms of fundamental algebraic expressions, such as vectors, she concentrated directly on more complex classes, such as objective functions and solvers.
	sepwww.stanford.edu /public/docs/sep93/matt5/paper_html/node2.html (329 words)

	Bakhtin Circle [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		The phenomenological arguments presented by the young Bakhtin are directed against the abstractions of rationalist philosophy and contemporary positivism.
		Worringer saw art history to be marked by an alternation of naturalism (empathy) and abstraction (estrangement) which correlated to the harmony or otherwise in the relationship of man and his environment.
		The activities of the carnival square: collective ridicule of officialdom, inversion of hierarchy, violations of decorum and proportion, celebration of bodily excess and so on embody, for Bakhtin, an implicit popular conception of the world.
	www.iep.utm.edu /b/bakhtin.htm (8222 words)

	floating point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		Inversion of control, dependency injection, service locators, factories are some names used to describe the general principle of decoupling implementation from interface.
		To understand my perspective better, you may wish to read this blog on the tension between transparency and abstraction, and the law of leaky abstraction.
		HTTP is already one abstraction, now we're going to put the Spring remoting abstraction on top of it, just to keep A and B POJOs.
	work.tinou.com (5058 words)

	Introducing Castle - Part I - The Code Project - Design and Architecture
		Inversion of control is a simple principle that dictates that an external entity should send messages to programmer's objects in order to perform some specialized action or to allow the programmer to override some logic.
		Putting off all the hype about Inversion of Control and the wrong meaning some legends of software development try to impose to it, inversion of control is a nice design principle to construct a loosely coupled application.
		So, one of the uses of inversion of control that solves the loosely coupled problem (or one aspect of it) is by inverting how your class obtains external object references or configuration.
	www.codeproject.com /cs/design/introducingcastle.asp (3067 words)

	Jean Piaget Society - New Books
		His theoretical discussions explore the relationships between reflecting abstraction and other central processes in his later theory, such as generalization, becoming conscious, and equilibration, as well as the differentiation of possibilities and their integration into necessities.
		Studies in Reflecting Abstraction will be of interest to developmental and cognitive psychologists, educationalists, philosophers and anyone who seeks to understand human knowledge and its development.
		Abstraction, Differentiation, and Integration in the Use of Elementary Arithmetic Operations.
	www.piaget.org /new-books.html (456 words)

	An Independent Study of Computable Nanotechnology
		Two hydrogen abstraction tools are used to bond to the inner-most pair of carbon atoms of the well-controlled feedstock molecule.
		To the workpiece on the left, a hydrogen abstraction tool is used to remove a hydrogen atom from the carbon atom.
		Of course, higher levels of abstraction would use convex polygons spanning masses of atoms, but at this level we want to be as accurate as possible.
	www.csc.villanova.edu /~bwagner/nano.html (5235 words)

	The conception of man, from German Ideology to Capital
		It is therefore precisely the inversion of the sterile viewpoint of abstract humanism and empty phrases about the human essence understood in the idealist sense, which permits the change to a fruitful scientific view of concrete individuals and their historical development because individuals are now understood by way of their true essence: social relations.
		It is correct in the sense of a rational abstraction which effectively expresses an ensemble of determinations common to all forms of labour, determinations, moreover, which come down to very little.
		Moreover, this is strictly the theoretical result of the whole inversion demanded by the 6th Thesis on Feuerbach: if the human essence is not an abstraction inherent in isolated individuals but in its reality is identifiable with the ensemble of social relations, it is therefore not individuals as such who produce history.
	www.marxists.org /archive/seve/works/1974/ch2/1_2.htm (11685 words)

	Designing Reusable Classes
		Useful abstractions are usually created by programmers with an obsession for simplicity, who are willing to rewrite code several times to produce easy-to-understand and easy-to-specialize classes.
		One sign that a good abstraction has been found is that code size decreases, indicating that code is being reused.
		In general, it seems that an abstraction is usually discovered by generalizing from a number of concrete examples.
	www.laputan.org /drc/drc.html (10176 words)

	Guggenheim Museum - Singular Forms
		In a strange, sculptural inversion, what is invisible becomes visible and what is inside becomes outside.
		Whiteread's work is firmly rooted in the reductive sensibility of 1960s Minimalism, but its clear connection to the empirical world expands well beyond the detached abstraction of the previous movement.
		A grid of unique, semitranslucent units—subtly colored in hues of blue, pink, green, and orange—the sculpture oscillates between abstraction and reference.
	www.guggenheim.org /exhibitions/singular_forms/highlights_15a.html (262 words)

	Nick Gall's Weblog
		Martin's metrics are interesting because they encourage a spanning layer style of abstraction (i.e., an abstraction layer that abstracts implementation as well as application).
		This would enable a diverse set of uses of the pipeline abstraction, beyond just copying; for example filtering, sorting, etc. In fact, this is roughly equivalent to Unix pipes, a spanning layer of great stability.
		Martin calls the switch from a design in which the general (abstraction) depends on (invokes) the specific (instantiation) to a design in which the specific depends on the general a dependency inversion.
	radio.weblogs.com /0126951/2003/08/26.html (595 words)

	Abstraction inversion from LiveJournal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		In the poem's opening, a lack of intelligent motion is attributed to former man: A blisful lyf, a paisible and a swete Ledden the peples in the former age.
		Let us look back for a moment: when Heidegger posits the inversion of the ontic into ontology, of historiography into historicity, as ineluctable, he at the same time makes this reversal, the logical rupture, the refusal of destiny, into the only meaning of...
		Having performed this novel inversion once, however, she curiously did not repeat it at the time, unlike Franz Roh, the German experimental photographer and author who created a strong body of negative imagery in the mid–1920s, and...
	www.ljseek.com /search/Abstraction%20inversion (839 words)

	BitRatchet » Java v. PHP: Database abstraction
		Pear and now PHP 5.1 have various kinds of database abstractions now.
		But there are other high level database abstractions for Java that I was just getting into before my world changed.
		An Introductory article on Spring covers a lot of the concepts there. My favorite concept is Inversion of Control.
	bitratchet.prweblogs.com /2006/09/02/java-v-php-database-abstraction (408 words)

	Layers, Levels, and DIP
		Certainly it is at the highest level of abstraction.
		The infrastructure, for example, seems to be at the same level of abstraction as the UI.
		In other words, the UI, APP, and DOM are traditional layers, with the dependencies pointing in the direction of abstraction.
	www.artima.com /weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=35139 (823 words)

	Dependency Inversion Principle
		The principle states that high level or low level modules should not depend upon each other, instead they should depend upon abstractions.
		The solution to these problems is to modify the design of layers by basing it on a common abstraction.
		All the layers depend upon the abstraction but not on each other.
	www.eventhelix.com /RealtimeMantra/Object_Oriented/dependency_inversion_principle.htm (602 words)

	Abstraction in Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		Just as the conventions of figurative painting were radically transformed by abstraction after the turn of the century, so too were the fundamental forms of music by the twelve-tone system of composition developed by Arnold Schoenberg.
		A composition can be made from this arrangement (known as a tone row) along with its variants, which are derived by invert ing the intervals of the row, reversing the row, or doing both at once in retrograde inversion (see the illustration on the other side of this column).
		All twelve tones must be used before any of them is repeated, but the twelve notes of the row may be presented in succession as a single melodic line, in counterpoint as two or more melodic lines, or combined vertically as chords or tone clusters.
	www.artnetweb.com /abstraction/music.html (244 words)

	High Level Concepts
		A common technique in TDD is to use an interface as a point of abstraction to enable mock objects in order to isolate a class for testing.
		Inversion of Control containers like StructureMap, PicoContainer, and Spring are an attempt to improve OO designs by minimizing the effort necessary to utilize existing OO techniques.
		Simply put, the Dependency Inversion Principle is about creating a firebreak around volatile or simply difficult to test modules.
	structuremap.sourceforge.net /Concepts.htm (1745 words)

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