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Topic: Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan

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	Geber - Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan - Crystalinks
		Geber, aka Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan, was a prominent Islamic alchemist, pharmacist, philosopher, astronomer, and physicist.
		Hayyan had supported the revolting Abbasids against the Umayyads, and was sent by them to the province of Khorasan (in present Iran) to gather support for their cause.
		Jabir's interest in alchemy was probably inspired by his teacher Ja'far al-Sadiq, and he was himself called "the Sufi", indicating that he followed the ascetic form of mysticism within Islam.In his writings, Jabir pays tribute to Egyptian and Greek alchemists Hermes Trismegistus, Agathodaimon, Pythagoras, and Socrates.
	www.crystalinks.com /geber.html (1422 words)

	AlShindagah Online
		In particular, Jabir emphasized that definite quantities of various substances are involved in a chemical reaction, thus anticipating by almost a thousand years the principles of quantitative chemistry and the law of constant proportions.
		Jabir is also credited with the invention and development of several chemical instruments that are still used today, such as the alembic, which made distillation easy, safe, and efficient.
		Jabir applied his chemical knowledge to the improvement of many manufacturing processes, such as the making of steel, corrosion prevention, gold lettering, cloth dyeing and waterproofing, leather tanning, and the chemical analysis of pigments and other substances.
	www.alshindagah.com /septoct2004/jabir.html (1589 words)

	Geber
		Jabir Ibn Hayyan and Geber were also pen names of an anonymous 14th century European alchemist, author of the treatise Summa Perfectione and several other books: see Pseudo-Geber.
		Jabir is also credited with the invention and development of several chemical instruments that are still used today, such as the alembic, which made distillation easy, safe, and efficient.
		Ibn Jabir Hayyan at the Iranian J. of Chem.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/g/ge/geber.html (758 words)

	Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan
		Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan (circa 721 - circa 815) Arab alchemist, also known in Latin as "Geber".
		Of the many Arab hermetic philosophers, Jabir ibn-Hayyn of the eighth century was the most noteworthy.
		Thus, Jabir theorized, by rearranging the qualities of one metal, a different metal would result.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ja/Jabir_ibn-Hayyn.html (126 words)

	ipedia.com: Geber Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jabir is also credited with the invention and development of several chemical instruments that are still used today, such as the alembic, which made distillation easy, safe, and efficient.
		Jabir applied his chemical knowledge to the improvement of many manufacturing processes, such as the making of steel and other metals, rust prevention, gold lettering, cloth dyeing and waterproofing, leather tanning, and the chemical analysis of pigments and other substances.
		Ibn Jabir Hayyan at the Iranian J. of Chem.
	www.ipedia.com /geber.html (774 words)

	Thelemapedia: The Encyclopedia of Thelema & Magick \| Geber
		Jabir was born in the year 721 EV as the son of a druggist of the famous Arab-Yemeni tribe of Azd.
		Jabir applied his chemical knowledge to the improvement of many manufacturing processes, such as the making of steel and other metals, rust prevention, gold lettering, cloth dyeing and waterproofing, leather tanning, and the chemical analysis of pigments and other substances.
		Ibn Jabir Hayyan (http://213.176.24.20/chemist/Jabir.htm) at the Iranian J. of Chem.
	www.thelemapedia.org /index.php/Geber (1096 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Ibn Hayyan is widely credited with the introduction of the experimental method in alchemy, and with the invention of numerous important processes still used in modern chemistry today, such as the syntheses of hydrochloric and nitric acids, distillation, and crystallisation.
		Jabir was born in Tus, Khorasan, in Iran, then under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate; the date of his birth is disputed, but most sources give 721 or 722.
		Ibn Hayyan was deeply religious, and repeatedly emphasizes in his works that alchemy is possible only by subjugating oneself completely to the will of Allah and becoming a literal instrument of Allah on Earth, since the manipulation of reality is possible only for Allah.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Jabir_ibn_Hayyan (2149 words)

	Geber - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		Jabir was born in the year 721 CE as the son of a druggist of the famous Arab-Yemeni tribe of Azd.
		In particular, Jabir emphasized that definite quantities of various substances are involved in a chemical reaction, thus anticipating by almost a thousand years the principles of quantitative chemistry and the law of definite proportions.
		Jabir states in his Book of Stones (4:12) that "The purpose is to baffle and lead into error everyone except those whom God loves and provides for!" His works were deliberately written in highly esoteric code, so that only those who had been initiated into his alchemical school could understand them.
	www.egnu.org /thelema/Geber (1103 words)

	Jabir Ibn Haiyan > Jabir Bin Haiyan Muslim Profile \| African Muslims \| Muslims in Civilizations \| Spread of Islam in ...
		Jabir Ibn Haiyan, known as the alchemist Geber of the Middle Ages, is generally known as the Father of Chemistry.
		Jabir died in Kufa in 803 C.E. Jabir's major contribution was in the field of Chemistry.
		Although known as an alchemist, Jabir did not seem to have seriously pursued the preparation of noble metals as an alchemist; instead he gave greater attention to the development of basic chemical methods and study of mechanisms of chemical reactions in themselves and thus helped evolve chemistry as a science from the legends of alchemy.
	www.esinislam.com /Muslims_Profile/Muslim_Profile_Jabir_Ibn-Haiyan.htm (716 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan
		Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan (circa 721 - circa 815) Arab alchemist, also known in Latin as "Geber".
		Of the many Arab hermetic philosophers, Jabir ibn-Hayyn of the eighth century was the most noteworthy.
		Thus, Jabir theorized, by rearranging the qualities of one metal, a different metal would result.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ab/Abu_Musa_Jabir_Ibn_Hayyan (160 words)

	Muslim Woman Discuss Muslim Scientists - Muslim Woman
		Abu Abdullah Mohammad Ibn Musa al-Khawarizmi was born at Khawarizm (Kheva), south of Aral sea.
		Abu Abdallah Muhammad Ibn Jabir Ibn Sinan al-Battani al-Harrani was born around 858 C.E. in Harran, and according to one account, in Battan, a State of Harran.
		Ibn Sina noted the close relationship between emotions and the physical condition and felt that music had a definite physical and psychological effect on patients.The Arabic text of the Qanun was published in Rome in 1593 and was therefore one of the earliest Arabic books to see print.
	muslimwoman.bloghi.com /2006/01/07/muslim-woman-discuss-muslim-scientists.html (4770 words)

	Legacy of Islam - Muslim Contributors to Science and Technology
		Abu Abdallah Muhammad Ibn Jabir Ibn Sinan al-Battani al-Harrani was born around 858 A.D. in Harran, and according to one account, in Battan, a State of Harran.
		Abu Muhammad Abdallah Ibn Ahmad Ibn al-Baitar Dhiya al-Din al-Malaqi was one of the greatest scientists of Muslim Spain and was the greatest botanist and pharmacist of the Middle Ages.
		Ala-al-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali Ibn Abi al-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Damashqi al-Misri was born in 607 A.H. of Damascus.
	www.amaana.org /ISWEB/contents.htm (15397 words)

	Architects of the Scientific Thought in Islamic Civilization
		Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan, sometimes called al-Harrani or al-Sufi, was known in Europe in the Middle Ages under the name of Geber.
		Ibn Nadim stated in his "al-Fahrest" that views were controversial concerning the classification of Jabir in a specific category, such the Shiites, Baramika or the philosophers.
		Jabir was born in Taous around 721AD and died in 813 or 815AD, as historians differ as to the date of his death(3).
	www.isesco.org.ma /pub/Eng/Architects/P2.htm (601 words)

	Picture 11,12
		Abu Ali al-Hussain Ibn Abdallah Ibn Sina was born in 980 A.D. at Afshana near Bukhara.
		Ibn Zuhr was one of the greatest physicians and clinicians of the Muslim golden era and has rather been held by some historians of science as the greatest of them.
		Ibn Zuhr in his works lays stress on observation and experiment and his contribution greatly influenced the medical science for several centuries both in the East and the West.
	www.libyaaa.com /toppage7.htm (1810 words)

	al-Marja.com
		Jabir Ibn Haiyan, known by the name of the alchemist Geber of the Middle Ages, is generally known as the Father of Chemistry.
		Jabir died in Kufa in 803 C.E. Jabir's (Geber's) major contribution was in the field of Chemistry.
		Jabir's major practical achievement was the discovery of minerals and acids, which he prepared for the first time in his alembic (Anbique).
	www.muslimtents.com /almarja/haiyan.html (576 words)

	jabir ibn haiyan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jabir Ibn Haiyan, the alchemist Geber of the Middie Ages, is generally known as the father of chemistry.
		Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan, sometimes called al-Harrani and al-Sufi, was the son of the druggist (Attar).
		His various breakthroughs e.g., preparation of acids for the first time, notably nitric, hydrochloric, citric and tartaric acids, and emphasis on systematic experimenta- tion are outstanding and it is on the basis of such work that he can justly be regarded as the father of modern chemistry.
	www.profcupido.hpg.ig.com.br /jabir_ibn_haiyan.htm (751 words)

	WebSearch - Jabir Ibn Hayyan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jabir Ibn Haiyan, the alchemist Geber of the Middie Ages, is generally...
		Jabir ibn Hayyan, known in the West as Geber, is the reputed author of an...
		Jabir Ibn Haiyan, the alchemist Geber of the Middle Ages, is generally...
	www.seekerbar.com /rl/TB50154te10_sr-1/Jabir-Ibn-Hayyan.html (325 words)

	JABIR IBN HAIYAN
		Jabir Ibn Haiyan, the alchemist Geber of the Middie Ages, is generally known as the father of ehemistry.
		Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan, sometimes called al-Harrani and al-Sufi, was the son of the druggist (Attar).
		His various breakthroughs e.g., preparation of acids for the first time, notably nitric, hydrochloric, citric and tartaric acids, and emphasis on systematic experimenta- tion are outstanding and it is on the basis of such work that he can justly be regarded as the father of modern chemistry.
	members.tripod.com /~wzzz/HAIYAN.html (695 words)

	NBD Ajial Website
		Jabir Ibn Haiyan (Died 803 C.E) Jabir Ibn Haiyan, known by the name of the alchemist Geber of the Middle Ages, is generally known as the Father of Chemistry.
		Jabir was a pioneer in the development of a number of applied chemical processes.
		Ibn Haiyan was a pioneer in the field of applied science.
	www.nbd.com /Ajial/Ajial_CDA/AJ_CDA_Web_Pages/Food_for_thought/born_to_be_wise (420 words)

	JABIR IBN HAYYAN Articles Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan (Arabic ?
		Ibn Hayyan is widely credited with the introduction of the experimental method into alchemy, and with the invention of numerous important processes still used in modern chemistry today, such as the syntheses of hydrochloric and nitric acids, distillation, and crystallisation.
		Jabir was born in Tus, Khorasan, in Iran, then under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate; the date of his birth is disputed, but most sources give 721 or 722.
		Jabir's father's profession may have contributed greatly to his interest in alchemy.
	www.amazines.com /Jabir_ibn_Hayyan_related.html (645 words)

	Geber Summary
		Jabir ibn Hayyan (active latter 8th century), called Geber by Europeans, was reputedly the father of Moslem alchemy and chemistry.
		Jabir is best known for modifying the Greek doctrine of four elements, maintaining that they combine to form sulfur (idealized principle of combustibility) and mercury (idealized principle of metallic properties), from whence all metals are formed.
		Jabir believed that, in principle, it was possible to transmute one metal into another, an idea widely believed until the rise of the phlogiston theory in the late seventeenth century.
	www.bookrags.com /Geber (4307 words)

	Jabir Ibn Haiyan (Geber)
		The fact of early development of chemistry as a distinct branch of science by the Arabs, instead of the earlier vague ideas, is well-established and the very name chemistry is derived from the Arabic word al-Kimya, which was studied and developed extensively by the Muslim scientists.
		Perhaps Jabir's major practical achievement was the discovery of mineral and others acids, which he prepared for the first time in his alembic (Anbique).
		His religious views and philosophical concepts embodied in the corpus have been criticised but, apart from the question of their authenticity, it is to be emphasised that the major contribution of Jabir lies in the field of chemistry and not in religion.
	www.islam4theworld.com /contribution_muslims/muslim_scientists/jabir.htm (748 words)

	Jabir bin Hayyan
		Abu Musa Jabir bin Hayyan (Geber) was one of the most notable Islamic alchemists.
		Jabir bin Hayyan is considered the father of chemistry and he wrote more than two thousand books and treatises on different aspects of science and chemistry.
		Jabir bin Hayyan and Geber were also hin pen names of 14th century European alchemist, author of the treatise Summa Perfectione and several other books.
	users.cjb.net /sufipath/jabir_bin_hayyan.html (728 words)

	Ja'far al-Sadiq at AllExperts
		Ja'far al-Sadiq was born Ja'far ibn Muhammad in Medina on April 20, 702.
		He was the son of Muhammad al-Baqir, the fifth Shi'a imam, and the grandson of Ali ibn Husayn, the fourth Shi'a imam.
		The foremost Islamic alchemist, Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan, known in Europe as Geber, was Jafar's most prominent student.
	en.allexperts.com /e/j/ja/ja'far_al-sadiq.htm (992 words)

	JABIR IBN HAIYAN
		Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan, sometimes called al-Harrani and al-Sufi, was the son of the druggist (Attar).
		Apart from several contributions of basic nature to alchemy, involving largely the preparation of new compounds and development of chemical methods, he also developed a number of applied chemical processes, thus becoming a pioneer in the field of applied science.
		Several technical terms devised by Jabir, such as alkali, are today found in various European languages and have become part of scientific vocabulary.
	www.ummah.net /history/scholars/HAIYAN.html (748 words)

	JABIR IBN HAIYAN
		Jabir Ibn Haiyan, the alchemist Geber of the Middle Ages, is generally known as the father of chemistry.
		He shared some of the effects of the downfall of the Barmakis and was placed under house arrest in Kufa, where he died in 803 C.E. Jabir's major contribution was in the field of chemistry.
		His various breakthroughs e.g., preparation of acids for the first time, notably nitric, hydrochloric, citric and tartaric acids, and emphasis on systematic experimentation are outstanding and it is on the basis of such work that he can justly be regarded as the father of modern chemistry.
	www.al-shia.com /html/eng/shia'/shia/imam-sadiq/imam-student/jabir-ibn-haiyan.htm (748 words)

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