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Topic: Acacia ehrenbergiana

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	Part three: The role of Acacia in the rural economy
		Acacia mellifera is also often the dominant shrub of the poorly drained, clayey depressions on the leeward side of some of the major rock outcrops (jebels), again often forming practically impenetrable thickets.
		Acacia senegal, also occurs on clay soils in areas receiving more than 600 mm, the additional rainfall compensating for the lower available soil moisture, which is in agreement with Smith (1949) who postulates that tree species requiring 2x mm annual rainfall on sandy soils require 3x mm on clay soils.
		The importance of Acacia for the various ethnic groups inhabiting the thorn savannas and bushlands of Burkino Faso (Gourmantché, Mossi, Peuhl, Samo, Sonraii and Toureg) and Niger (Beriberi, Hausa, Peuhl, Toureg and Zarma) are discussed by Guinko (1991).
	www.fao.org /docrep/V5360E/v5360e09.htm (3501 words)

	Egypt
		Acacia trees (A. raddiana, A. ehrenbergiana and A. tortilis)form a principal element of desert plant communities in Egypt's South Eastern Desert.
		Acacia trees are of considerable importance as fodder plants in the desert.
		Acacia trees are nutritious and contain high values of protein, ranging between 5% and 14% in young shoots and 21.20% in fruits (Annex XXX).
	www.acacia-world.net /html/egypt.html (425 words)

	NFT Gums: Ancient and Modern Commercial Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is the only acacia gum toxicologically tested to establish its safety as a food additive.
		Acacia senegal is native, to the and Sahelian regions of Africa and the Middle East (NAS 1979).
		Gum Tahla: Acacia seyal Delile, a large, thorny tree of the Sahel, is one of several acacias that produces gum tahla, a water-soluble gum traditionally used for non- food applications such as lithographic formulations, textile and paper manufacture, foundry moulding sands, and explosives.
	www.winrock.org /forestry/factpub/FACTSH/NFT_gums.html (1223 words)

	Acacia albida
		Acacia albida is a widely used tree well documented for increasing the yields of crops grown under it.
		While Acacias cannot be recommended for cold and/or humid or everwet climates, they are suggested by the NAS (1980a) as firewood sources in developing countries.
		Among the species they consider are Acacia arabica, auriculiformis, brachystachya, cambagei, cyanophylla, cyclops, dealbata, decurrens, ehrenbergiana, fistula, heteracantha, holosericea, lysiophloia, mangium, mearnsii, mollissima, nilotica, nubica, raddiana, saligna, senegal, seyal, spirocarpa, tortilis, and verek.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_albida.html (897 words)

	Arab Mab
		The vegetation of the main channel is characterized by sparse and scattered acacia trees.
		In certain localities the plant growth acquires a form that may be described as a desert open forest with many acacia trees and thorny Balanites aegyptiaca intertwined with lianas.
		The vegetation of Wadi Allaqi is of critical importance to the quality of life, and even the survival of its inhabitants, providing food, fodder for livestock, fuel, medicine and construction materials.
	www.arabmab.net /biosflora.cfm?bid=1 (333 words)

	Acacia ehrenbergiana
		Much branched tall shrub or small tree with a green or brown, smooth, shining, peeling bark, resembling that of Acacia seyal with which it has long been confused.
		This is one of the most drought-tolerant among the common African acacias occurring in the rainfall belts 50-400 mm MAR.
		Found in the North Sahel and the Southern and Central Sahara.
	www.fao.org /ag/agp/AGPC/doc/GBASE/data/pf000354.htm (255 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Very extensive woodlands of Acacia tortilis and Prosopis cineraria can be found growing near the large wadis on the southern borders of Jiddat al Harasis.
		Many of these trees which evidently extend their rooting system down to the water table, are very old; a significant number of the trees are dead or dying and very few young trees exist to replace them.
		Serious problems are apparent for important Prosopis cineraria and Acacia tortilis woodlands, they are dying off due to a combination of old age and heavy browsing by livestock.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /protected_areas/data/wh/oryx_san.html (2139 words)

	Yemen’s lush land, rich in wild plant variety (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The most common plants in these areas are Avicenna marina (Shura), Aeluropes lagopoides, Halopyrum mucrontum, Suaeda, vermiculata, Acacia tortilis, Acacia ehrenbergiana, Tamarix apylla, Cadaba rotundifoi, Panicum turgidum, Odyssea mucronata, and Dipterypium glaucum.
		High mountains and plateaus are rich in Acanthus arboreaus, Scabiosa, Rosa abyssinica, Acacia origena, Kniphofia, Micromeria biflora, columbaria, Kniphofia, Micromeria Biflora, columbaria, Rumex Cadia purpurea, Euphorbia ammak, somarea, Rumex, Cadia purpurea, Euphorbia ammak, somarea, Euryops Arabica, Themeda triandra, nervusus, Thymus serphyllum, and Psiadia Arabica.
		The most commonly found here are: Acacia tortilis, Aerva javanica, Dipterygium glaucum, Panicum turgidum, Suaeda aegytiaca, Salsola imbricate, turgidum, Phazia stricta, Caloropis procera, Indigofera spinosa, Aerva, Acacia oerfota, Pergularia tomentosa, spinosa, Salvia mergjamie, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, javanica, Aristida, Desmostachya bipinata, Tamarix Arabica, Pennisetum setaceum, and adscensionis.
	www.yobserver.com /cgi-bin/yobserver/exec/view.cgi/1/7730/printer (925 words)

	OAMC - Welcome to the Oman Airports Management Company (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The al-Saleel park is a nature reserve located in the town of al-Kamil wal-Wafi, in the Interior of Oman, and was established to protect gazelles and plantations of Samr and Ghaf trees (Acacia tortilis and Cineraria).
		There are three main areas to the park: the first is the alluvial plain covered in acacias; the second consists of the wadis in the mountains and the third is the sparsely vegetated hills and rocky outcrops which form the northern boundaries and the higher elevations.
		As well as the acacia trees (acacia tortilis), the reserve also contains Acacia ehrenbergiana, Zizphus spinachristi and the shrub Maresaraas (Maerua oblongifolia) which has cream, scented flowers which bloom in summer.
	www.omanairports.com /home.asp?pid=20 (983 words)

	International trade in non-wood forest products: An overview - V. Plant gums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gum arabic or gum acacia, locally known as gum 'hashab', is the most widely used and traded of the true water soluble gums.
		True gum arabic is produced by Acacia senegal only, but gums obtained from other Acacias are also sometimes, though erroneously, referred to by the same name.
		Efforts on the supply side to breed new varieties of Acacia senegal that fit in agro-forestry systems and provide gum with especially desirable properties should ensure source diversification and a stable supply base to provide new dimensions to the end-uses.
	www.snvworld.org /cds/rgSFB/forest/1.3.2/x5326e08.htm (4617 words)

	Arabian Oryx Project - The Arabian Oryx - Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During drought lasting more than 18 months oryx will begin to lose body condition and the weakest animals (usually the oldest and the youngest) may die.
		Seasonal fogs and dews stimulate some fresh growth of some plants and support the larger species of shrubs and trees such as Acacia ehrenbergiana and A.
		Since rainfall is largely unpredictable, both in terms of time (when it will fall) and space (where it may fall) the oryx must be able to move to those areas where rain has fallen most recently in order to take advantage of the best possible grazing.
	www.oryxoman.com /movement.html (320 words)

	Country study on the Biodiversity of Burkina Faso (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In the north of the fourteenth parallel, the north Sahelian sector stands out alone characterised by a batch of Saharan and Sahelian species which are found very rarely in the sectors further south.
		The most common ligneous species of this sector are: Acacia laeta, Acacia nilotica adansonii variety, Acacia senegal, Boscia salicifolia, Commiphora africana, Dalbergia melanoxylon, Pterocarpus lucens and Grewia flavescens.
		Despite their small extent, it is important to note the presence of dry pockets of dense forests constituting "sacred woods".
	bch-cbd.naturalsciences.be /burkina/bf-eng/implementation/doc/monography/chap2.htm (2030 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		ehrenbergiana growing in shallow sandy depressions, rock fissures and in drainage swales on the gravel plains.
		Over the surrounding areas a sparse cover of low shrubs and ephemeral grasses develops after rain and is used by the wildlife in the cool season.
		In addition Prosopis cineraria and Acacia tortilis woodlands are dying from old age and heavy browsing by livestock and there are few young trees to replace those lost.
	sea.unep-wcmc.org /sites/wh/oryx_san.html (2316 words)

	(palaeoecological atlas of northern and western africa) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A good example is given by the large scale brakedown of the flat rooted tree populations like Commiphora or Maerua in the northern Sahel or southern Sahara during the drought of the mid80ies of the last century.
		In contrast to them Acacia -trees may reach deeper ground water levels by their twofolded root system which is composed by lateral and tap roots.
		The passage for desert to savanna in Chad (4) is situated in the same latitude but it shows a different picture.The repeated change of clay/diatomite plains and sand ridges causes that this change into a diffuse tree -tussock grass formation covers a more extended region before it follows the copmparable scheme of Niger (Schulz 2000).
	www.geographie.uni-wuerzburg.de /institut/pal_atlas_afrika/desertification.htm (2499 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Acacia aroma Gillies ex H. and A. Acacia aspera Lindl.
		Acacia cavenia (Mol.) H. and A. Acacia celastrifolia Benth.
		Acacia flexuosa H. and B. Acacia floribunda (Vent.) Willd.
	www.winrock.org /forestry/factpub/nftlist.htm (203 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Return of the Oryx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A stony limestone plain measuring 50,000 square kilometers (19,300 square miles), the Jiddat al-Harasis stretches from the edge of the Empty Quarter in the west and north to the shore of the Indian Ocean, and, deep in the interior, offers something that the oryx and other desert creatures very much need: vegetation.
		In the patois of the ecologist, this vegetation is referred to as a "woodland" and though occasional clusters of sparse grayish-green vegetation and the occasional acacia tree hardly qualify as "woodland" to visitors brought up near, say, the forests of Maine and New Hampshire, Stanley-Price is very serious.
		To him - and the oryx - this is woodland and its existence on the "Jiddah" (the plain) is the reason that the area once teemed with wildlife: the Arabian Gazelle (Gazella arabica), the goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturose) and such other creatures as wolves, hyenas, lynx, foxes, reptiles, lizards, and birds.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198204/return.of.the.oryx.htm (3098 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Other common species are Acacia ehrenbergiana and Salvadora persica.
		On the wind-blown sands near the beach tussock grass associations Lasiurus hirsutus and Panicum turgidum occur.
		Along the escarpment rim, montane juniper associations of Juniperus procera and Acacia seyl are common, some being covered in lichens, with an understorey of Rosa abyssinica, Artemesia judanica, Dodonaea viscoa, Lavandula dentata, Conyza incana, Euphorbia pephus, Earyops arabicus, Bromus spp.
	sea.unep-wcmc.org /sites/pa/0439v.htm (1602 words)

	[No title]
		Information about the constituents of the studied species Acacia ehrenbergiana is very limited The phytochemical screening (1) of A.
		Acacia saligna Wendl is an ornamental plant belonging to the family Leguminosae.
		In this work the chemical composition of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the leaves and flowers of Acacia saligna Wendl were investigated for the first time by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
	www.biologie.uni-erlangen.de /pharmbiol/Abstract/Phytochemistry.html (9747 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- South Saharan steppe and woodlands (PA1329)
		Delineated by White’s regs, hamadas and wadis vegetation type, the northern border of the ecoregion lies several hundred kilometers north of the 100 mm rainfall isohyet, which is the northern limit of summer grassland pasture composed of the grasses Eragrostis, Aristida, and Stipagrostis spp.
		In the south, the vegetation of the ecoregion grades into the Sahelian Acacia Savanna ecoregion, and includes steppes of Panicum turgidum perennial tussock grass.
		The Mediterranean flora that are characteristic in the Northern Sahara are almost completely absent from the Southern Sahara, where tropical flora dominate (White 1983).
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa1329_full.html (1035 words)

	4.2: Geology, Phenology, Changes in Land-Use at Jebel Bura'
		It is a bit astonishing that this is valuable as well for the highland species, as Acacia gerardii.
		It is due to the fact that acacias bear pods all the year round, and it is difficult to assign them to a specific year.
		So we may guess that in opposition to the trend 1987 was a good year for that area with lush vegetation.
	www.brainworker.ch /reports/yemen/42PLNTS.HTML (5745 words)

	[No title]
		There is a further akacia species, the low bush-like Akacia ehrenbergiana growing at the sandy bottom of wadis.
		Probably the solitary group of bushes in a small depression near the airfield at Wadi Sora, and the low dome shaped akacias encountered in the main wadi of the "Unnamed Plateau" belong to this species.
		Aside the akacias Maerua crassifolia lives in the upper reaches of the wadis of both Uweinat and the Gilf Kebir, and we have noted a single tamarisk Tamarix nilotica (?) growing near the spring at Jebel Arkenu.
	www.fjexpeditions.com /desert/florafauna/florafauna.htm (2691 words)

	The Global Compendium of Weeds: Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Global Compendium of Weeds: Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne
		Synonyms/other Latin names: Acacia ehrenbergii Nees, Acacia flava (Forssk.) Schweinf., Acacia flava var.
		(Hayne) Roberty, Acacia seyal sensu A.Chev., Mimosa flava Forssk.
	www.hear.org /gcw/html/autogend/species/141.HTM (134 words)

	US (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Toothbrush plant Salvadore persica has long been used to provide greenery along roadsides - being a plant that attracts many butterflies and so has the Leptadenia pyrotechnica, the sweet smelling Fireworks bush.
		The palm tree, Phoenix dactylifera and the Acacias - Acacia tortilis and Acacia ehrenbergiana as well as the willow like ghaf tree Prosopis cineraria have played a role in providing shade in parks.
		In Al Ain, Tecomella undulata, a tree with a profusion of yellow trumpet - shaped flowers has been used near Hili Park and Buraimi.
	www.middleastlogistics.com /bloom1_flow1.htm (724 words)

	4.3: The Natural Forests of Yemen
		Two of the species that are growing there, Acacia gerardii and Commiphora kataf, while not rare, are endemic.
		While in Guma'at al Ameri the stands are almost pure Acacia mellifera, the areas around Taiz, with its high rainfall, show a rich mix of different Acacias and Commiphoras with Ziziphus, Dobera, Balanites, Jatropha, Ficus, Terminalia brownii, Ceratonia siliqua, Tamarindus indica.
		The plots are mainly at Jebel Lawz (30 Juniper forests) and Jebel Bura' (19 valley forests, acacias and shrublands + 26 riverain woodlots of Wadi al Aswad with Ziziphus, Dobera, Grewia).
	www.brainworker.ch /reports/yemen/43FOR.html (5468 words)

	TAXONOMY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The vegetation is clearly influenced by climate and altitude.
		Statistical methods (ordination and classification techniques) recognise two groups of species (helophytes and xerophytes).The helophytic species are Phragmites australis, Juncus rigidus, Alhagi graecorum and Desmostachya bipinnata, and the xerophytic species are Acacia tortilis subsp.
		raddiana, A. ehrenbergiana and Zygophyllum coccineum.The applied methods indicate that the distribution of the species is strongly related to the moisture gradient.
	www.egsz.org /BiologicalCurrentContent/Botany/TAXONOMY.htm (2791 words)

	[No title]
		The genus Acacia ehrenbergiana belongs to Leguminosae family.
		The previous studies of the chloroform extract of Acacia ehrenbergiana revealed anti-inflammatory activity (1).
		Here, we investigate Acacia ehrenbergiana collected in Qatar to identify the anti-inflammatory principle.
	www.biologie.uni-erlangen.de /pharmbiol/Abstract/Effects.html (9956 words)

	Tanzania Conservation Corporation Circuit (Lake Manyara, Serengeti, Ngorongoro Crater) - AfricanAdrenalin
		The small forest patches on the crater floor, are home to monkey, baboon, bushbuck, waterbuck, elephant and rhino.
		The name Olduvai Gorge is derived from the mispronunciation of the Masai word "Oldupai" which is the word for Sanseviera ehrenbergiana (commonly known as wild sisal), which is commonly found in this area.
		Olduvai Gorge is rich in history and the discovery of Laetoli here by Mary Leaky (world renowned archaeologist/palaeontologist) showed that at least three hominids wandered these plains.
	africanadrenalin.co.za /utc/tc02.htm (1305 words)

	HOLOCENE PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF YEMEN RECONSTRUCTED FROM FOSSIL HYRAX MIDDENS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One midden, dated to 2159 yr B.P., contains linen cloth, hand-carved amber beads, and a human finger bone suggesting that a human burial took place within the cave.
		While the first two have been present since 5239, the third was not found until 2159 yr B.P. This late Holocene appearance of Acacia ehrenbergiana, widespread throughout Yemen today, indicates a return to moister climates following an extremely arid late-middle Holocene.
		When considered with other geophysical and archaeological results from this site of a moist early-to-middle Holocene, these midden deposits suggest that the period of maximum Holocene aridity in southern Arabian highlands may have been between 5000 and 2500 yr B.P., during which time archaeological evidence also suggests that people abandoned the area.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_79526.htm (423 words)

	ECOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Ten perennial species indicated the different vegetational groups as follows: group A, was indicated by Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T. Anderson; group B, indicated by Salvadora persica L.; group C, co-indicated by Panicum turgidum Forssk.
		And Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne; group D, indicated by Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton and Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst.; group E, co-indicated by Zygophyllum coccineum L. and Z.
		The relationship between some soil variables and the abundance of nine common plant species distributed in three raudhas in Riyadh area, Central Saudi Arabia, indicates that some species have decreased abundance along gradients of sodium (Alhagi maurorum and Zilla spinosa), potassium (Pulicaria crispa) and organic matter (Pennisetum divisum).
	www.egsz.org /BiologicalCurrentContent/Botany/ECOLOGY.htm (5418 words)

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