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	Acanthamoeba -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Acanthamoeba is a genus of (Naked freshwater or marine or parasitic protozoa that form temporary pseudopods for feeding and locomotion) amoebae, one of the most common protozoa in soil, and also frequently found in freshwater and other habitats.
		Diseases caused by Acanthamoeba include amoebic (Inflammation of the cornea causing watery painful eyes and blurred vision) keratitis and (Inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever (`phrenitis' is no longer in scientific use)) encephalitis.
		The latter is caused by Acanthamoeba entering cuts and spreading to the central (The sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells) nervous system.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ac/acanthamoeba.htm (373 words)

	Division of Parasitic Diseases - Acanthamoeba Infection Fact Sheet
		Acanthamoeba are microscopic ameba commonly found in the environment.
		Most commonly, Acanthamoeba are found in the soil and dust, in fresh water sources such as lakes, rivers, and hot springs and in hot tubs.
		Acanthamoeba may also be found in brackish water and in sea water.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dpd/parasites/acanthomoeba/factsht_acanthamoeba.htm (489 words)

	Acanthamoeba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Acanthamoeba is a rear but potentially very serious corneal infection that has been bost frequently associated with contact lens wear.
		Acanthamoeba organisms are ubiquitous, free-living protozoans which are found naturally in soil and fresh water.
		Clinically, acanthamoeba keratitis is characterized by a chronic course with waxing and waning of the infection.
	insight.med.utah.edu /opatharch/cornea/acanthamoeba.htm (144 words)

	Society of Protozoologists: Portal to Protistology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Acanthamoeba life-cycle is comprised of a trophic (actively feeding) stage, and a thick-walled cystic (dormant) stage which forms under conditions of adversity, such as desiccation and lack of food.
		Acanthamoebae have a high degree of resistance to radiation and mutagenic agents, suggesting that they may have a polyploid chromosomal complement or, alternatively, they possess a very efficient DNA repair mechanism.
		In Acanthamoeba keratitis, in which the amebae attack the corneal surface and stroma of the eye, infection occurs as the result of corneal trauma or, more commonly, because of poor hygiene in care of contact lenses, particularly the extended wear variety.
	www.uga.edu /protozoa/portal/acanthamoeba-Band.html (1154 words)

	Acanthamoeba definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Acanthamoeba also occur in brackish water and sea water as well as in heating, venting, and air conditioner units, humidifiers, and dialysis units.
		Acanthamoeba can enter the skin through a cut, wound, or through the nostrils and, once inside the body, can travel to the lungs and through the bloodstream to other parts of the body, especially to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord).
		Acanthamoeba infections occur more frequently in people with compromised immune systems and the chronically ill. Eye and skin infections are generally treatable while infections of the brain are almost always fatal.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=12517 (295 words)

	Acanthamoeba keratitis - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Acanthamoeba is a protozoan which is found ubiquitously, notably in domestic water supplies.
		Acanthamoeba cysts are resistant to antimicrobial agents, including current lens disinfectant solutions.
		Acanthamoeba keratitis should be managed in a specialist unit.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/389349400.htm (208 words)

	Handbook of Ocular Disease Management - Acanthamoeba Keratitis
		Acanthamoeba keratitis occurs from Acanthamoeba castellani, an opportunistic free-living soil amoeba that is most commonly associated with incorrect contact lens handling and exposure to unsanitary conditions.
		Clinicians have mistaken Acanthamoeba keratitis for herpetic, fungal and bacterial keratitis.
		The Acanthamoeba organism nestles in the thickened border of the epithelium.
	www.revoptom.com /handbook/oct02_sec3_2.htm (797 words)

	Induction of Morphological and Electrophysiological Changes in Hamster Cornea after In Vitro Interaction with ...
		Pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba and Corynebacterium in the rat cornea.
		Martínez, A. Is Acanthamoeba encephalitis an opportunistic infection?
		Acanthamoebae bind to rabbit corneal epithelium in vitro.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/6/3245 (3295 words)

	Brain Eating Amoebas by Viera Scheibner Ph.D.
		It was concluded that the isolated amoebas belonged to the genus Acanthamoeba and that the infection occurred via the olfactory route.
		Acanthamoeba specimens were cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid and the boy was given ampicillin.
		Wang and Fieldman (1967) isolated altogether 54 strains of free-living amoebas of the genus Hartmanella (=Acanthamoeba) in tissue cultures inoculated from pharyngeal swabs obtained for the study of viral respiratory diseases from 1958 to 1962 in families residing in two city-operated, low-cost apartment complexes.
	www.whale.to /vaccines/amoebas.html (3732 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 81
		Several species of Acanthamoeba and B mandrillaris can cause lung and skin infections, as well as an insidious encephalitis, in immunocompromised patients.In addition, Acanthamoeba may cause an ulcerative keratitis, which is usually associated with improper sterilization of soft contact lenses.
		Acanthamoeba and B mandrillaris trophozoites may be recognized by the presence of slender, spine-like processes (Fig.
		Acanthamoeba species and B mandrillaris are free-living amebas of soil and of fresh and salt water.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch081.htm (3042 words)

	Acanthamoeba Keratitis: The Role of Domestic Tap Water Contamination in the United Kingdom -- Kilvington et al. 45 (1): ...
		Acanthamoeba Keratitis: The Role of Domestic Tap Water Contamination in the United Kingdom -- Kilvington et al.
		The incidence of acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) in the
		Acanthamoeba griffin: molecular characterization of a new corneal pathogen.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/45/1/165 (3231 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Corneal ulcers and infections
		Bacterial keratitis; Fungal keratitis; Acanthamoeba keratitis; Herpes simplex keratitis
		A corneal ulcer is a non-penetrating erosion or open sore in the outer layer of the cornea, the transparent area at the front of the eyeball.
		Acanthamoeba keratitis occurs in contact lens users, especially those who attempt to make their own homemade cleaning solutions.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001032.htm (520 words)

	Laboratory References: Acanthamoeba and Hartmannella (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		James, T.E., Byers, T.J. The induction of multinuclearity in agitated and in aging cultures of Acanthamoeba sp.
		Seilhamer, J.J., Byers, T.J. Mutants of Acanthamoeba castellanii Resistant to Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, and Oligomycin.
		Byers, T.J. Molecular biology of DNA in the genera Acanthamoeba, Amoeba, Entamoeba, and Naegleria.
	www.biosci.ohio-state.edu /~tbyers/labref.htm (623 words)

	BCLA :: Acanthamoeba keratitis and contact lenses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but very painful and potentially blinding infection of the cornea, the transparent covering at the front of the eye.
		Acanthamoeba is also found in chlorinated swimming pools, hot tubs, domestic tap water and even in bottled water.
		Most cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis are preventable if contact lens wearers follow the instructions given to them by their contact lens practitioner and on their lens care products.
	www.bcla.org.uk /acanthamoeba.asp (805 words)

	Acanthamoeba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Acanthamoeba are microscopic amoeba commonly found in the environment.
		Several species of Acanthamoeba have been found to infect humans, A. culbertsoni, A. polyphaga, A. castellanii, A.
		However, infections of the brain (CNS) with Acanthamoeba are almost always fatal.
	www.reaping-rewards.com /acanthamoeba.html (320 words)

	Fluorescent Oligonucleotide Probes for Clinical and Environmental Detection of Acanthamoeba and the T4 18S rRNA Gene ...
		Acanthamoeba polyphaga keratitis and Acanthamoeba uveitis associated with fatal meningoencephalitis.
		Acanthamoeba as a "transient" in the corneal scrape of a poorly compliant soft contact lens wearer with peripheral keratitis.
		Acanthamoeba infection presenting as skin lesions in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/37/8/2687 (4215 words)

	Patient characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of non-contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis -- Sharma et al. ...
		This is thought to be the largest series of cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis in non-contact lens wearers.
		All patients treated for Acanthamoeba keratitis between January 1996 and June 1998 were included in the study.
		Acanthamoeba keratitis: a masquerade of presentation in six cases.
	www.bjophthalmol.com /cgi/content/full/84/10/1103 (2871 words)

	Role of Contact Lens Wear, Bacterial Flora, and Mannose-Induced Pathogenic Protease in the Pathogenesis of Amoebic ...
		Acanthamoeba trophozoites were cocultured with bacteria for 72 h, and then the cultures were treated with antibiotics (0.7 mg of penicillin/ml and 1.04 mg of streptomycin/ml) to kill extracellular bacteria.
		Impact of oral immunization with Acanthamoeba antigens on parasite adhesion and corneal infection.
		The duration of the cyst stage and the viability and virulence of Acanthamoeba isolates.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/73/2/1061 (4265 words)

	eMedicine - Acanthamoeba : Article by William B Harley, MD
		Background: Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, and Balamuthia constitute the free-living amoebas, which are distinct from other pathogenic protozoa by the nature of their free living existence, the lack of an insect vector or human carrier state, and the limited relationship of poor sanitation with the spread of infection.
		Acanthamoeba causes 2 distinct clinical syndromes constituting keratitis in contact lens wearers and granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE).
		The isolation of Acanthamoeba from swimming pool water is not unusual.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic10.htm (1666 words)

	Standardized Method of Measuring Acanthamoeba Antibodies in Sera from Healthy Human Subjects -- Chappell et al. 8 (4): ...
		Acanthamoebae are free-living protozoans found in the soil worldwide.
		Population studies of serum antibodies to Acanthamoeba are few in number (2, 6) and contradictory in their findings.
		Laboratory diagnosis of pathogenic free-living amoebas: Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, and Leptomyxid.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/8/4/724 (4124 words)

	Acanthamoeba castellanii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Photomicrograph of Acanthamoeba castellanii in the process of killing corneal epithelial cells.
		Acanthamoeba castellanii causes a blinding infection of the ocular surface.
		If untreated, Acanthamoeba keratitis is a progressive blinding infection.
	www3.utsouthwestern.edu /microbiology/pages/faculty/niederkorn-f1.html (64 words)

	Organization and Ligand Binding Properties of the Tail of Acanthamoeba Myosin-IA. IDENTIFICATION OF AN ACTIN-BINDING ...
		We reverse transcribed Acanthamoeba total RNA with primer R and subsequently PCR with three separate pair of primers (primer positions shown in A): lane 1, primers 1 and R; lane 2, primers 2 and R; lane 3, primers 3 and R. products are separated by electrophoresis in 1% agarose.
		Acanthamoeba poly(A) mRNA was separated by electrophoresis and blotted with probe N (shown in A) spanning the IQ motif derived from the genomic BamHI clone.
		The lengths of Acanthamoeba myosin-IB (20) and myosin-IC) tails are approximately 8.3 and 5.5 nm, respectively.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/49/35159 (8235 words)

	Cytotoxic Activities of Alkylphosphocholines against Clinical Isolates of Acanthamoeba spp. -- Walochnik et al. 46 (3): ...
		Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are the causative
		The shorthand designations for the alkyl chains indicate the number of C atoms of the alkyl chain, followed by a colon and the number of double bonds.
		acanthamoebae was used as a measure for cell disruption.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/46/3/695 (3059 words)

	Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis and Pneumonitis in a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Rhesus Macaque due to ...
		the genera Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, and Balamuthia cause infections
		Acanthamoeba organisms are ubiquitous in soil and water, occurring
		A characteristic of Acanthamoeba infection in tissues is the
	www.vetpathology.org /cgi/content/full/41/4/398 (2964 words)

	Phagocytosis Affects Biguanide Sensitivity of Acanthamoeba spp. -- Noble et al. 46 (7): 2069 -- Antimicrobial Agents ...
		Quantification and characterization of phagocytosis in the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii by flow cytometry.
		Inhibition by theophylline of phagocytosis in Acanthamoeba castellanii.
		Retrospective identification of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni in a case of amoebic meningoencephalitis.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/46/7/2069 (3748 words)

	Anti-Acanthamoeba activity of contact lens solutions -- Niszl and Markus 82 (9): 1033 -- British Journal of ...
		Acanthamoeba keratitis among contact lens wearers is being reported with increasing frequency in various parts of the world.
		All 10 strains of Acanthamoeba were tested against each solution.
		Acanthamoeba keratitis: synergy between amebic and bacterial coconta- minants in contact lens care systems as a prelude to infection.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/82/9/1033 (3693 words)

	Arch Ophthalmol -- Abstract: Acanthamoeba Keratitis in Non-Contact Lens Wearers in India: DNA Typing-Based Validation ...
		Arch Ophthalmol -- Abstract: Acanthamoeba Keratitis in Non-Contact Lens Wearers in India: DNA Typing-Based Validation and a Simple Detection Assay, October 2004, Sharma et al.
		Acanthamoeba Keratitis in Non–Contact Lens Wearers in India
		Conclusions Acanthamoeba is one of the causative organisms
	archopht.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/122/10/1430 (312 words)

	Article: Acanthamoeba Infection: DPD - CureResearch.com
		Acanthamoeba have been found in the nose and throat of healthy people as well as those with compromised
		Acanthamoeba infections of the brain (CNS) are almost always fatal.
		Acanthamoeba keratitis associated with soft contact lens wearers—United States.
	www.cureresearch.com /artic/acanthamoeba_infection_dpd_printer.htm (511 words)

	Risk factors for acanthamoeba keratitis in contact lens users: a case-control study -- Radford et al. 310 (6994): 1567 ...
		Risk factors for acanthamoeba keratitis in contact lens users: a case-control study -- Radford et al.
		acanthamoeba keratitis could be avoided by the use of lens disinfection
		Over 80% of acanthamoeba infections could be eliminated by daily disinfection of reused lenses with systems effective against the organism
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/abstract/310/6994/1567 (656 words)

	Arp2/3 Complex from Acanthamoeba Binds Profilin and Cross-links Actin Filaments -- Mullins et al. 9 (4): 841 -- ...
		Acanthamoeba actin filaments in the presence and absence of Arp2/3 complex were negatively stained with freshly prepared 1%
		EDC with NHS cross-links Acanthamoeba profilin to the Arp2 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex.
		Thin sectioned samples: 10 µM Acanthamoeba actin was polymerized in the absence or presence of 1 µM Arp2/3 complex.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/9/4/841 (6286 words)

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