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Topic: Acantharea

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Radiolaria

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	Acantharea
		The Acantharea are a small group of radiolarian protozoa.
		Reproduction is by formation of spores, which may be flagellate, that develop into mononucleate amoebae.
		The Acantharea are distinguished mainly by their skeletons.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ac/Acantharea.html (261 words)

	Palaeos Eukarya: Rhizaria
		All radiolarians secrete strontium sulphate at some point in the life cycle — as the adult shell in Acantharea, and as crystals in ‘swarmer cells’ produced during asexual reproduction in Polycystinea.
		Phaeodarea were traditionally included in Radiolaria, and share with Acantharea and Polycystinea the traits of a glassy shell (formed of a combination of silica and organic material in Phaeodarea) and a capsule dividing the cytoplasm into inner and outer compartments.
		In the Radiolaria as here defined, however, the capsule is thin and perforated by numerous pores — in Phaeodarea, the capsule is much thicker, and usually only three pores pass through it, the astropylum and and usually two parapyla situated at the opposite pole.
	www.palaeos.com /Eukarya/Units/Rhizaria/Rhizaria.html (1587 words)

	Acantharea
		These are composed of strontium sulphate crystals, which do not fossilize, and take the form of either ten diametric or twenty radial spines.
		Reproduction takes place by formation of spores, which may be flagellate, which develop into mononucleate amoebae.
		The axopods of Acantharea are fixed in number, and the mitochondria have tubular cristae.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/a/ac/acantharea.html (264 words)

	Toward the Monophyly of Haeckel's Radiolaria: 18S rRNA Environmental Data Support the Sisterhood of Polycystinea and ...
		the Acantharea with a BP of 100% (not shown).
		with Acantharea in the apical region of the eukaryotic tree
		Zettler L. Sogin, D. Caron, 1997 Phylogenetic relationships between the Acantharea and the Polycystinea: a molecular perspective on Haeckel's Radiolaria Proc.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/1/118 (2091 words)

	CERCOZOAE
		My treatment of Acantharea is about the same as that of Febvre (1990) and Febvre et al.
		However, my taxonomic scheme which has 3 orders for the Polycystinea is quite different from that of Cachon et al.
		(2004) in which Acantharea, Taxopodida, and Polycystina appear to be part of a single clade.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/CERCOZOAE/radiolaria.htm (1057 words)

	Radiolarian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The main class of radiolarians are the Polycystinea, which produce siliceous skeletons.
		They also include the Acantharea, which produce skeletons of strontium sulfate.
		German biologist Ernst Haeckel produced exquisite (and perhaps somewhat exaggerated) drawings of radiolaria, helping to popularize these protists among Victorian parlor microscopists alongside foraminifera and diatoms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radiolaria (428 words)

	Eukaryota (eucaryotes) 30/123
		Acantharea (Free-floating marine protists with mineral skeletons that includes strontium)
		Chaunacanthida (Acantharea having 20 radial spines articulated at bases)
		Symphyacanthida (Acantharea having 20 radial spines fused into a star-like structure)
	www.alysion.org /life/Eukaryota.htm (456 words)

	MavicaNET - Acantharea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Catalogue / Nature / Vie / Protoctists (Protoctistae) / Single Celled Eukaryotes (Protista) / Acantharea
		On-line version of "A GUIDE TO MODERN RADIOLARIA" by Catherine Nigrini and T. Moore, Jr.
		Phylogenetic relationships between the Acantharea and the Polycystinea: A molecular perspective on Haeckel's Radiolaria
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/fra/7227.html (181 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Acquisition of genome information from single-celled unculturable organisms (radiolaria) ...
		In addition to these, Acantharea (11 entries), Phaeodarea (3 entries), Polycystinea (20 entries) have been reported.
		Therefore, although the result could not be reproducibly tested, as the same genome cannot be obtained again, it is very plausible that the DNA sequence we obtained and used for GP analysis was that of a Radiolarian 18S rDNA that had never been sequenced.
		Zettler LA, Sogin ML, Caron DA: Phylogenetic relationships between the Acantharea and the Polycystinea: A molecular perspective on Haeckel's Radiolaria.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2164/7/135 (3889 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| How many novel eukaryotic 'kingdoms'? Pitfalls and limitations of environmental DNA surveys
		This sequence turned out to be closely related to Acantharea and Polycystinea (data not shown), and it corresponds to the previously published environmental 'radiolarian' phylotypes DH145-KW16 [28] and CS_E043 [7].
		Nikolaev SI, Berney C, Fahrni JF, Boliver I, Polet S, Mylnikov AP, Aleshin VV, Petrov NB, Pawlowski J: The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, a new supergroup of amoeboid Eukaryotes.
		López-García P, Rodríguez-Valera F, Moreira D: Toward the monophyly of Haeckel's Radiolaria: 18S rRNA environmental data support the sisterhood of Polycystinea and Acantharea.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1741-7007/2/13 (5537 words)

	Radiolaria - MicrobeWiki
		"Toward the Monophyly of Haeckel's Radiolaria: 18S rRNA Environmental Data Support the Sisterhood of Polycystinea and Acantharea." Molecular Biology and Evolution.
		"Phylogenetic relationships between the Acantharea and the Polycystinea: a molecular perspective on Haeckel's Radiolaria." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Oct 14;94(21):11411-6.
		This page was last modified 19:15, 16 August 2006.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Radiolaria (522 words)

	The early evolution of eukaryotes: a geological perspective -- Knoll 256 (5057): 622 -- Science
		Molecular Evidence for the Early Colonization of Land by Fungi and Plants.
		Phylogenetic relationships between the Acantharea and the Polycystinea: A molecular perspective on Haeckel's Radiolaria.
		The origin of red algae: Implications for plastid evolution.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/256/5057/622 (966 words)

	Diversity and Distribution of Marine Microbial Eukaryotes in the Arctic Ocean and Adjacent Seas -- Lovejoy et al. 72 ...
		(b to d) Expansions to include our partial environmental sequences (750 bp) from the three radiolarian groups: Acantharea (b), Spumellarida (c), and Taxopodida/Spongodiscidae (d) (see text).
		the skeletal Polycystinea and Acantharea, has generated considerable
		Autochthonous eukaryotic diversity in hydrothermal sediment and experimental microcolonizers at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/5/3085 (4607 words)

	[No title]
		Green plants: pair of saguaros, the giant columnar cacti of the Sonoran desert of northwestern Mexico and the southwestern U.S. Photograph copyright © 1994 Katja Schulz.
		A protist: one of the Acantharea - a star-shaped protist that lives in marine habitats - its yellow colour comes from symbiotic algae living inside it.
		Metazoan: ithomiine butterfly feeding on Senecio flowers near Monteverde, Costa Rica.
	ag.arizona.edu /tree/eukaryotes/!!Eukaryotes.nex (4270 words)

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