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Topic: Acceptance angle

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Numerical aperture of optical telecommunication fiber

Numerical aperture

	Angle
		Acceptance angle In optical fibers the acceptance angle is the half-angle of the numerical aperture of the fiber.
		Angle of refraction Angle of refraction is the angle between the beam refracted at the boundary between two media of dif...
		Castor angle Castor angle is the angular measure from the vertical of the vehicle, measured in the longitudinal directio...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/angle.html (595 words)

	Numerical Aperture :: Numerical Aperture for Fiber Optics
		This is because the fiber tends to preserve the angle of incidence during propagation of the light, causing it to exit the fiber at the same angle it entered.
		Angle B (45 degrees) is the incident angle from the bulb.
		Angle C (83 degrees) is the acceptance angle of a N.A..66 fiber.
	www.fiberoptix.com /technical/numerical-aperature.html (633 words)

	Parissa's Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The relationship between the angle from the normal, the incident angle and the angle of refraction, which is the angle the light bends away from normal, is known as Snell’s Law n i sin(θ i) = n t sin(θ t).
		Acceptance angle is described as “the maximum semi-angle of the vertex of a cone of rays entering a fiber” (Fowles, 46) figure 3 is shown below defining the acceptance angle of an optical waveguide.
		The acceptance angle of the waveguide depends on the index of refraction of the fiber and the surrounding material.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~pfa (1775 words)

	Acceptance angle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In optical fibers the acceptance angle θ is the half-angle of the cone within which incident light is totally internally reflected by the fiber core.
		It is equal to arcsin(NA), where NA is the numerical aperture of the fiber.
		Acceptance angle of a fiber is the maximum angle the ray may make with the axis and still propagate down the fiber by total internal reflection.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Acceptance_angle (91 words)

	HFAN-02.0.2: Laser Diode to Single-Mode Fiber Coupling Efficiency: Part 1 - Butt Coupling - Maxim/Dallas
		For this fiber, the numerical aperture (equivalent to the acceptance angle in units of radians) is 0.14, the core index of refraction is 1.650, the cladding index of refraction is 1.644, the core diameter is 8.2µm, and the cladding diameter is 125µm.
		Recalling that the acceptance angle for the example optical fiber is 8.1°, we can see from Figures 5 and 6 that a butt-coupled optical fiber will accept most of the laser output power in the horizontal direction, but only a fraction of the power in the vertical dimension.
		The divergence angles of the intensity patterns are calculated by observing that the radial expansion of the intensity pattern divided by the propagation distance is equivalent to the tangent (in radians) of the divergence angle.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm?an_pk=1816 (2775 words)

	X-ray Lab Template
		The acceptance angle of the analyzer crystal is 12 arc sec.
		Diffracted beam collimator is an optical module used in the quasi-parallel beam geometry to define acceptance angle of the diffracted beam seen by the detector.
		The distance between the plates defines the acceptance angle of the collimator.
	lam.stanford.edu /xlab/MRD/DiffBeam.htm (486 words)

	Acceptance
		Increasing one's acceptance of oneself and one's life was part o...
		Acceptance cone In an optical fiber the acceptance cone is the cone within which optical power is coupled into the guide...
		Fat acceptance movement The fat acceptance movement is a grass-roots from effort to change societal attitudes about peop...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/acceptance.html (163 words)

	Fiber Optics and Light Guides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The acceptance half-angle (actually a cone of acceptance), is set by the refraction of light going from the air into the light guide and by the critical angle of the core-cladding interface.
		Where n0 is the refractive index of the surrounding medium, usually air, and (i is the acceptance angle.
		This output pattern is defined by the numerical aperture: the angle is twice the acceptance half-angle.
	www.visual-lighting.com /education/gen_info02a.html (1559 words)

	Definition: acceptance angle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		acceptance angle: In fiber optics, half the vertex angle of that cone within which optical power may be coupled into bound modes of an optical fiber.
		Note 2: The acceptance angle is measured with respect to the fiber axis.
		Note 3: Rays entering an optical fiber at angles greater than the acceptance angle are coupled into unbound modes.
	www.atis.org /tg2k/_acceptance_angle.html (129 words)

	Using the Microscope: Basic Tutorial: Part 6: Numerical Aperture, etc. Page 2.
		This implies an acceptance angle for the frontlens of the objective of 180°.
		In practice, the largest angle of acceptance of glass lenses in any medium is around 140°, so the N.A. of an objective is always less than the theoretical maximum.
		The acceptance angle of this objective is 144° in air, which becomes 77° in the coverglass, and 91° in the water containing the specimen.
	www.micrographia.com /tutoria/micbasic/micbpt06/micb0601.htm (691 words)

	Visual Lighting Technologies For A New Millennium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Acceptance Angle: The angle of light that can be accepted into an optical fiber from the light source.
		The wider the angle of acceptance, the more light can be accepted and transmitted through the fiber.
		Output Angle: The angle of light as it exits the optical fiber.
	www.visual-lighting.com /education/gloss.html (2268 words)

	Definition Of Terms
		· Angular Acceptance: The angular acceptance is a measure of the response of the detector as a function of the angle.
		As the angle of acceptance increases, the probability of detecting a spark increases.
		Furthermore, a large angle of acceptance reduces the amount of detectors necessary for an application.
	www.hendersonindustrial.com /terms.htm (305 words)

	Tech. Note - Fiber Optic Beam Delivery Systems
		The acceptance half-angle of the fiber is often expressed in terms of numerical aperture (NA), which is the sin of the angle
		To avoid confusion, it should be noted that the critical angle (which is referenced to the surface normal of the core-clad interface) is a minimum angle for total internal reflection, while the acceptance angle (which is referenced to the surface normal of the fiber end face) is a maximum angle.
		Therefore, the cone angle of the input beam (determined by the size of the beam at the focusing lens, and the focal length of the lens) must be less than the acceptance angle of the fiber.
	www.uslasercorp.com /envoy/fobd.html (1650 words)

	Coupling Considerations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		For a monochromator, the etendue are calculated by multiplying both the width and height of the smallest slit by the convergent cone (f/#) angle.
		For a fiber bundle, the etendue is calculated by multiplying the core area by the acceptance angle (NA).
		If the image at the exit slit is taller then the entrance to the fiber bundle, yet the acceptance angle of the fiber bundle is larger, the extra etendue of the fiber can be collected and demagnified by a faster focusing lens, reducing the image size to the bundle diameter.
	www.pti-nj.com /obb_fiber5.html (935 words)

	acoustic detection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One transducer property is the angle of acceptance.
		Currently the transducers we are using have an angle of acceptance of approximately 50 degrees, therefore with the other geometry associated with the tissue analysis we've done, only 3 to 4 transducers of the 12 element array can give useful data on a given tumor.
		Related to the angle of acceptance is the lateral weighting of the transducer.
	www.ee.duke.edu /~jshorey/Mammography/page7.html (282 words)

	Introduction to Fiber Optics Part 1 (including video transmission for a/v)
		When the proximity type of coupling is employed, the amount of light that will enter the fiber is a function of one of four factors: the intensity of the LED or LD, the area of the light emitting surface, the acceptance angle of the fiber, and the losses due to reflections and scattering.
		Acceptance Angle: The acceptance angle of a fiber is expressed in terms of numeric aperture.
		The numerical aperture (NA) is defined as the sine of one half of the acceptance angle of the fiber.
	www.commspecial.com /fiberguide-pt2.htm (2568 words)

	Antiference. The First Name in Sound & Vision Quality. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This measure is quoted as the Acceptance Angle, which is the angle from the centre line to the point where the signal falls to half power (-3dB) and is quoted in degrees.
		Note: the acceptance angle will vary at different frequencies within the range of the aerial.
		Acceptance Angle is normally quoted at peak gain.
	www.antiference.co.uk /def.htm (1938 words)

	Bluebell Opticom Ltd - broadcast fibre optic solutions \| fibre optics glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		For graded-index fibres, acceptance angle is a function of position on the entrance face of the core.
		The angle between an incident ray and the normal to a reflecting or refracting surface.
		This angle lies in a common plane with the angle of incidence.
	www.bluebellcomms.co.uk /glossaryA.html (860 words)

	Systematic Uncertainties
		The uncertainty in the angle of the scattered proton also breaks down into an overall offset (identical for both forward and backwards angles) and an offset that can vary randomly as the spectrometer angle is changed.
		While the survey gives the mechanical axis (as determined by the magnet positions) rather than the true optical axis, the difference is the same at all angles, and is taken as part of the constant offset in the angle reconstruction uncertainty.
		Because we use software cuts to define the scattering angle acceptance, uncertainties in the central angle come from the HRS pointing and uncertainties in the VDC position, which have a much smaller effect than a comparable uncertainty in the collimator position.
	www.jlab.org /~johna/gegm/gegm_pac19/node8.html (1050 words)

	Chapter 9
		Selection of Concentrator Rim Angle - It is interesting to study the impact of receiver type on the preferred concentrator rim angle. The whole idea of a concentrator is to reflect the light energy incident on the collector aperture onto as small a receiver as possible in order to minimize heat loss.
		Prototype Performance - The performance of the Concentrating Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) varies with the acceptance angle. An acceptance angle of 180 degrees is equivalent to a flat-plate collector, and an acceptance angle of 0 degrees is equivalent to a parabolic concentrator.
		A computed tracking angle is used for coarse tracking and fiber optic sensors located on the receiver are used for closed loop fine tracking. The fiber optic sensors are located at the receiver aperture and provide feedback information to the tracking system to center the reflected beam on the cavity aperture area.
	www.powerfromthesun.net /Chapter9/Chapter9new.htm (3589 words)

	Chapter 5 - Light Processing Theory -- Optical Through the Air Communications Handbook
		It is almost always described as a half angle or the angle from the center axis of the illumination cone.
		As illustrated in Figure 5b, the incoming angle is called the "acceptance angle" that is also defined as a half angle.
		Fortunately, most light detectors have wide acceptance angles, so you can be use them with a much larger variety of lens shapes, than those required by a light emitter.
	www.imagineeringezine.com /ttaoc/lightpro.html (2307 words)

	Propagation of light along a fiber
		The acceptance angle is related to the refractive indices of the core, cladding, and medium surrounding the fiber.
		The acceptance angle for skew rays is larger than the acceptance angle of meridional rays.
		Skew rays are often used in the calculation of light acceptance in an optical fiber.
	www.tpub.com /neets/tm/106-9.htm (1235 words)

	ECE 532, 1. Radiometry
		The angle of incidence is bent by refraction at the air/glass interface into a new angle
		The situation with the optical fiber is equivalent to the aperture with restricted solid angle of collection which was discussed earlier.
		The angle of reflectance is equal in magnitude to the incident angle.
	omlc.ogi.edu /classroom/ece532/class1/collect_fiber.html (330 words)

	Fiber-Optic Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Because the angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection, the reflected light continues to be reflected.
		This angle is measured from the cylindrical axis of the core.
		As illustrated in Figure 3-3, the size of the acceptance cone is a function of the refractive index difference between the core and the cladding.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=170740&seqNum=3 (995 words)

	[No title]
		The models were used to generate large numbers (3000-4000) of trajectories that varied randomly across the acceptance.
		Relative acceptance of MAD at 12° in 10% bins in delta.
		The effect of each source on position and angle determination at the detector package is evaluated separately and then all sources are added in quadrature.
	www.jlab.org /~lerose/madat12deg/madat12d.htm (857 words)

	Optical Fiber Properties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The sine of the acceptance angle in air is known as the Numerical Aperture (NA).
		The NA of a fiber, and therefore the acceptance angle, is determined by the ratio of the refractive indices of the optical fiber core and its cladding.
		Rays entering a fiber at an angle equal to or less than the acceptance angle will be reflected internally, and will propagate down the length of the fiber.
	www.pti-nj.com /obb_fiber3.html (1225 words)

	Stommer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Their period can be matched laterally to the incidence angle so that for all points on the reflector, the Bragg condition is fulfilled for the same wavelength.
		In the scattering plane, the lateral acceptance width of the mirror is 0.8 mm for a paraxial beam.
		Within the range of the Bragg-limited acceptance angle, an off-axis displacement of the slit or an aberration in the curvature or a grading error of the mirror may add to the slit-limited acceptance angle.
	www.sif.it /cimento/tocd/019.020304/42/42.html (2496 words)

	Optical Sources - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		ACCEPTANCE ANGLE - The maximum angle to the axis (centre line) of an optical fibre at which a light ray will enter the core and be propagated.
		Light striking the optical fibre at an angle greater than the Acceptance Angle will be lost.
		NUMERICAL APERTURE (NA) - The sine of the acceptance angle of a fibre multiplied by the refractive index of the medium from which the light is entering (air = 1).
	www.opticalsources.co.uk /glossary.asp (1735 words)

	X-ray Lab Template
		In HR rocking curve measurements the resolution is determined by the incident beam monochromator and the sample.
		In these applications the receiving slit is used to reduce the background radiation or to reduce the acceptance of the detector in the 2 q direction.
		The TA/RC attachment uses two detectors: one (Detector 1) is situated at TA path, another (Detector 2) is shared between RC path and Parallel Beam Collimator attachment.
	lam.stanford.edu /xlab/XPert/DiffBeam.htm (579 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Note: The acceptance cone is derived by rotating the acceptance angle about the fiber axis.
		Note: An acceptance test may be performed at the factory or user premises by the user, vendor, or a third party.
		@@ href="http://www.atis.org/tg2k/_angle_of_incidence.html" target="main1">angle of incidence angle of incidence: The angle between an incident ray and the normal to a reflecting or refracting surface.
	www.its.bldrdoc.gov /~bing/pub/t1gd_00.txt (16167 words)

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