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Topic: Accessed randomly

	Random access - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer science, random access is the ability to access a random element of a group in equal time.
		The term random access memory (RAM), however, is used for semiconductor chip memory circuits used in computers.
		Random access is critical to many algorithms such as quicksort and binary search.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Random_access (197 words)

	Guide to OpenVMS File Applications
		Also, there are cases in which records are accessed randomly but may be reaccessed (random with temporal locality), and cases in which records are accessed randomly but adjacent records are likely to be accessed (random with spatial locality).
		When accessing indexed files, it is important to remember that the index portion of the file must be read by RMS to locate the desired record.
		When attempting to access a record, RMS looks first in the global buffer cache for the record before looking in the local buffers; if the record is still not found, an I/O operation occurs.
	www.cuis.edu /doc_vms_html/000000/731final/4506/4506pro_022.html (3638 words)

	Performance Management Guide - Performance Overview of Fixed-Disk Storage Management
		If the file is accessed randomly, a placement that is widely dispersed requires longer seeks than a placement in which the file's blocks are close together.
		Thus, frequently accessed pages tend to stay in memory longer, and logical file accesses to the corresponding blocks can be satisfied without physical disk accesses.
		This means that normal file access bypasses traditional kernel buffers and block I/O routines, allowing files to use more memory when the extra memory is available (file caching is not limited to the declared kernel buffer area).
	www.ncsa.uiuc.edu /UserInfo/Resources/Hardware/IBMp690/IBM/usr/share/man/info/en_US/a_doc_lib/aixbman/prftungd/2365c23.htm (1581 words)

	[No title]
		To access records in an indexed file randomly, we move the transaction record's key field to the ____.
		With relative files, the key field is converted to an actual disk address so that there is no need for an index or for a search to find the location of a record.
		When using a relative file as input, ACCESS IS either ____ or ____.
	www.towson.edu /users/bshumate/resources/fall00/cis212/lectures/chpt15.ppt (637 words)

	OpenVMS User's Manual
		random access: A method for retrieving or writing data in which the location of the data to be retrieved or written is not dependent on the location of previously retrieved or written data.
		Random access refers to memory or mass storage devices on which all information is equally accessible.
		The RFA allows previously accessed records to be accessed randomly at a subsequent time.
	www.uni.edu /connelly/vmsos731/vmsos731/6489/6489pro_051.html (1576 words)

	Quiz 11 - Section 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		When a file is accessed it is always accessed in its entirety and always in a sequential manner.
		The access between files is very random (in other words, accessing file A does NOT mean the user is likely to access file B).
		The reason for this is because most files are a single sector in size and they are accessed in their entirety.Buffering more data than this would do little good since files are accessed randomly.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /~mattmcc/cs537/archives/quizzes-f01/q11-s2.html (459 words)

	Large Blocks and Oracle Instance Caching
		Tables containing small rows that are accessed randomly should be placed into tablespaces with smaller block sizes.
		Smaller block sizes are appropriate for randomly accessed small rows while larger blocks are more suitable for rows that are sequentially accessed.
		Since the rows are randomly accessed, it is safe to assume that no two rows exist on the same block, implying that it is necessary to read 100 blocks to fulfill the task.
	www.rampant-books.com /t_oracle_large_blocks_caching.htm (582 words)

	PCTH: A Multimaterial Eulerian Shock Physics Code
		Memory locations may be accessed sequentially for structured meshes.
		For unstructured meshes, however, memory locations are accessed randomly.
		They randomly access memory, so some form of very efficient gather-scatter capability would be very useful.
	www-fp.mcs.anl.gov /petaflops/95_workshop/case-studies/shock/shock.html (1373 words)

	Guide to OpenVMS File Applications
		For random access, you may want to choose a small bucket size; for sequential access, a large bucket size; and for mixed access, a medium bucket size.
		If you intend to access the file randomly, EDIT/FDL sets the bucket size equal to four records because it assumes that four records are a reasonable amount of data for a random access.
		Also, there are cases in which records are accessed randomly but may be reaccessed (random with temporal locality) and cases where records are accessed randomly but adjacent records are likely to be accessed (random with spatial locality).
	www.cuis.edu /doc_vms_html/000000/731final/4506/4506pro_008.html (3182 words)

	STORAGE MAGAZINE \| Optimize database storage
		A randomly accessed lookup table, for example, won't be treated the same as large binary objects which have a sequential access pattern.
		The different objects comprised have different access patterns, so different kinds of storage should be used to optimize performance and keep costs down.
		This means concatenating or striping across all the drives on separate controllers to gain as much parallel access as possible, while avoiding striping back on the same drive and creating hot spots of high access density.
	whatis.techtarget.com /magPrintFriendly/0,293813,sid35_gci877978,00.html (2136 words)

	Managing the Performance of DB2 for z/OS and OS/390 by Craig S. Mullins, Director, Technology Planning, BMC ...
		Objects that are accessed randomly should be put together and separated from objects that are accessed sequentially.
		If only randomly accessed objects are in a pool, memory will be better used by retaining pages for longer periods of time, and the likelihood of a subsequent hit in the pool for a GETPAGE request will increase, thus avoiding I/O processing.
		As new objects are accessed, changes could be made to create a match between the objects being accessed and the pool sizes for those objects.
	documents.bmc.com /products/documents/06/10/20610/20610/index.htm (8301 words)

	Using SAS Files : Choosing between Disk and Tape Storage
		Accessing tapes is usually slower and more cumbersome than accessing files on disk because the tapes must be mounted by the operator.
		For unlabeled tapes, you must position the tape to the correct file unless you are accessing the first file on the tape.
		SAS data sets in tape format cannot be accessed randomly with the POINT= and NOBS= variables in the SET statement.
	www.asu.edu /sas/sasdoc/sashtml/cms/zhoosing.htm (560 words)

	Ashby Dean * Home Plate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		These barriers limited access to everyone but people who had a driving interest in obtaining a document.
		A single mother who couldn't afford a lawyer might skip a day of work to go down to the court before a custody hearing and look for the criminal record of a violent ex-husband.
		But she was less likely to miss work to look through her neighbors' divorce records.
	ashbydean.com (66 words)

	Using SAS Engines : Using the CONCUR Engine
		When deciding on the bucket size to use, consider whether the file is usually accessed randomly (small bucket size), sequentially (large bucket size), or both (medium bucket size).
		Support of DECnet access means you can now specify a node name in the physical pathname of your SAS data library, as long as you do not plan to update the data sets stored in the data library.
		Finally, there are cases in which records are accessed randomly, but then adjacent records are likely to be accessed.
	www.asu.edu /it/fyi/dst/helpdocs/statistics/sas/sasdoc/sashtml/vms/z-concur.htm (3441 words)

	RAM - Webopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Pronounced ramm, acronym for random access memory, a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes.
		RAM is the most common type of memory found in computers and other devices, such as printers.
		Describes memory technology types, memory speed, access and timing, DRAM technologies, memory size and packaging, errors, detection and correction, and logical memory layout.
	systems.webopedia.com /TERM/R/RAM.html (437 words)

	Glossary
		Any byte of memory can be accessed without accessing the surrounding bytes.
		A database in which the data are organized and accessed according to relations.
		An IBM-licensed program that provides for access control by identifying and verifying the users to the system, authorizing access to protected resources, logging the detected unauthorized attempts to enter the system, and logging the detected accesses to protected resources.
	www.its.state.nc.us /information/glossary/Glossr.asp (610 words)

	Spansion samples 1GBit NOR-based embedded Flash memory
		According to Ian Williams, corporate vice president of marketing for the Spansion Embedded Memory Division, the 90-nanometer MirrorBit-based device is designed for reliable code execution and data storage in a wide range of embedded applications including automotive navigation systems, communications infrastructure equipment, gaming and industrial control.
		But because it is accessed in blocks, it is not as fast as NOR gate alternatives and cannot be used for execute in place applications.
		In addition to the new 1 Gb GL device, said Williams, Spansion is also working on a 1 Gb device based on its ORNAND architecture, which combines the fast read capabilities of NOR based flash with the fast write erase capabilities of NAND, designed to meet the data storage needs in wireless applications.
	www.embedded.com /shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=172301377 (444 words)

	Utilizing DB2 to give transactional process priority over data processing
		Try to put DB2 objects that are accessed similarly into the same buffer pool(s).
		For example, put sequentially accessed objects in one BP and randomly accessed objects into another BP.
		With conditional table access, every invocation of the program does not cause that section of code to be executed.
	whatis.techtarget.com /ateQuestionNResponse/0,289625,sid13_cid462199_tax285651,00.html (724 words)

	Analyze the Statistical Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The indexes and tablespaces that are Randomly Accessed Mostly (RAMO).
		The end result of our analysis is to group similarly accessed objects together.
		Additionally, we must know specifically how they are accessed, and the average and maximum number of pages they had resident in a pool at any point during the collection period.
	responsivesystems.com /present/bptune/sld034.htm (104 words)

	Pool Usage Suggestions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		RAMO..S,M,L - Randomly Accessed ‘Mostly’ SAMO..S,M,L - Sequentially Accessed ‘Mostly’
		Most installations should be able to optimize performance with 5 to 8 pools.
		While segregating them on an application basis might be nice for the application, it is unlikely this approach will provide the most efficient usage of pool and memory resources.
	responsivesystems.com /present/bptune/tsld052.htm (102 words)

	International Spectrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Flashback is the first personal voice recorder that utilizes solid state, non-mechanical flash memory recording technology, according to its developer, Norris Communications.
		Introduced last July, the three-ounce Flashback provides 30 to 60 minutes of high-quality, randomly accessed voice recording on removable, PCMCIA-compatible SoundClips for quick and easy indexing.
		SoundClips are memory cartridges that will initially hold up to 30 minutes of high-quality voice recording, which is 30 times the memory capability of competing digital recorders, the company said.
	www.woodynorris.com /Articles/InternationalSpectrum.htm (214 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The analysis indicates that with today's technology, five minutes is a good lifetime for randomly accessed pages, one minute is a good lifetime for two-pass sequentially accessed pages, and 16 KB is a good size for index pages.
		If the next access is on another tape and so one must rewind the current tape, put it away, pick the next one, scan to the correct position, and then read.
		More generally, the cost of accessing an index page is either the storage cost in main memory if the page is cached there, or the access cost if the page is stored on disk.
	research.microsoft.com /~gray/5_min_rule_SIGMOD.doc (3635 words)

	Technical FAQ (3051) How do I optimize I/O performance when using direct access bound libraries on OS/390?
		The first step is to determine whether the primary pattern of access will be sequential or random.
		Because the library block size is fixed when the library is created, achieving optimal performance may require creating new libraries with special block sizes and/or segregating members accessed sequentially and those accessed randomly into separate libraries.
		The elapsed time for such operations is dramatically reduced by IMF because all the member pages that need to be accessed only need to be read into memory once.
	support.sas.com /faq/030/FAQ03051.html (534 words)

	Best practices for tuning DB2 UDB v8.1 and its databases
		Sharing a buffer pool with tables that are accessed randomly or infrequently can cause "polluting" of your buffer pool, by consuming space and possibly pushing a frequently accessed row to disk, for a row which may never be accessed again.
		For OLAP applications that access large numbers of consecutive rows at a time, a larger page size is usually better because it reduces the number of I/O requests that are required to read a specific number of rows.
		The SQL explain facility is part of the SQL Compiler that is used to show the access plan of a statement and the environment in which it was compiled.
	www-106.ibm.com /developerworks/db2/library/techarticle/dm-0404mcarthur/index.html (13006 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The purpose of the Network Common Data Form (netCDF) interface is to allow you to create, access, and share scientific data in a form that is self-describing and network-transparent.
		Collections of named multidimensional variables can be randomly accessed, without knowing details of how the data are stored.
		The netCDF software implements an abstract data type, which means that all operations to access and manipulate data in a netCDF file must use only the set of functions provided by the interface.
	www.nodc.noaa.gov /argo/documents/nc_docs/nc_overview.htm (330 words)

	Data Set Options : POINTOBS=
		causes SAS software to produce a compressed data set that may be randomly accessed by observation number.
		suppresses the ability to randomly access observations in a compressed data set by observation number.
		If you do not need to access data by observation number, then you can improve performance by roughly 10% when creating a compressed data set and when updating or adding observations to it by specifying POINTOBS=NO.
	www.jmu.edu /docs/sasdoc/sashtml/lgref/z1288684.htm (229 words)

	Using SAS Engines : The CONCUR Engine under OpenVMS
		The CONCUR engine is optimized for random concurrent access, while the V9 engine is better suited to sequential access.
		On the other hand, you might access observations in a completely random order when using the FSEDIT procedure to edit or browse observations in a data set.
		There are also cases in which records are accessed randomly but might be reaccessed frequently.
	support.sas.com /91doc/getDoc/hostvms.hlp/alp-engines-concur.htm (3390 words)

	[No title]
		However, we observed that by only passively monitoring the memory traffic, the existing power management techniques are often inefficient, no because the techniques themselves are inefficient but because the memory traffic often does not present the necessary energy saving opportunities.
		The memory ranks in the system are categorized as either hot or cold, and basically for simplicity of illustration, we did a 50-50 split, so in a system with 4 ranks, 2 will be hot ranks and 2 will be cold ranks.
		Every time it is invoked, it checks the page count table in the memory controller to see if there are frequently accessed pages on cold ranks, and if one is detected, it will start the migration process.
	www.research.ibm.com /people/l/lefurgy/Publications/islped2005slides.ppt (667 words)

	Collections Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A collection guarantees the presence of an iterator which can access the elements of the collection, but the iterator need not access elements in any particular order.
		A Collection reference should be used to pass around and manipulate collections when maximum generality is desired.
		The answer depends on whether or not the underlying data structure used to store the elements of the list supports random access.
	www.mathcs.sjsu.edu /faculty/fecteau/cs46b/CollectionsOverview.html (3019 words)

	Previous Tips and Tricks #1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		RAM stands for Random Access Memory because it can be accessed randomly.
		It accesses information as it needs it, then closes and goes on to something else.
		The information in DRAM is not only Dynamic and Randomly accessed, it is also fast.
	www.fortunecity.com /skyscraper/graphical/1221/Previous/prev_tips_1.html (592 words)

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