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Topic: Accessory nerve

Related Topics

Spinal accessory nerve

Trigeminal nerve

Facial nerve

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Trochlear nerve

Abducens nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Oculomotor nerve

Hypoglossal nerve

Olfactory nerve

Vagus nerve

Mandibular nerve

List of muscles of the human body

Optic nerve

Trapezius muscle

	Nerve - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The optic nerve passes through the optic foramen in the skull into the orbit, where it is penetrated by the central artery of the retina, and eventually pierces the scelerotic just internal to the posterior pole of the eyeball.
		Between the two ganglia the accessory part of the eleventh nerve joins the tenth, and it is from this communication that the motor twigs to the pharynx, larynx, alimentary and respiratory tracts are derived, as well as the inhibitory fibres of the heart.
		The anterior tibial nerve is chiefly muscular, innervating the muscles in front of the tibia and fibula as well as the extensor brevis digitorum pedis on the dorsum of the foot, though it gives one small cutaneous branch to the cleft between the first and second toes.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NE/NERVE.htm (5143 words)

	CHAPTER 50: THE NECK
		The tympanic nerve is secretomotor and vasodilator to the parotid gland.
		The ansa cervicalis is a loop on or in the carotid sheath.
		Surgical interruption of the phrenic nerve on the anterior scalene collapses a lung by paralyzing and thereby elevating the hemidiaphragm.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_8/chapter_50.html (9365 words)

	Accessory nerve injury during amateur wrestling: silent but not overlooked -- Özçakar et al. 37 (4): 372 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The superficial course of the spinal accessory nerve in the
		or because of the presence of a divided accessory nerve.
		Anatomy of the accessory nerve and its cervical contributions in the neck.
	bjsm.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/37/4/372 (593 words)

	Spinal Injury
		The cranial nerves are distinguished from the 31-paired spinal nerves, which originate from the spinal cord.
		The accessory nerve is unique in that it is formed by the fusion of cranial and spinal root components.
		Nason, RW, Abdulrauf, BM, Stranc, MF, The Anatomy of the Accessory Nerve and Cervical Lymph Node Biopsy.
	www.tabexperts.com /SpinalInjury.htm (802 words)

	IX. Neurology. 5k. The Accessory Nerve. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The Spinal Part (ramus externus; spinal portion) is firm in texture, and its fibers arise from the motor cells in the lateral part of the anterior column of the gray substance of the medulla spinalis as low as the fifth cervical nerve.
		The nerve then descends obliquely behind the Digastricus and Stylohyoideus to the upper part of the Sternocleidomastoideus; it pierces this muscle, and courses obliquely across the posterior triangle of the neck, to end in the deep surface of the Trapezius.
		In the posterior triangle it unites with the second and third cervical nerves, while beneath the Trapezius it forms a plexus with the third and fourth cervical nerves, and from this plexus fibers are distributed to the muscle.
	www.bartleby.com /107/206.html (449 words)

	AAPM&R - EMG Case No. 60, cont (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Given that the patient’s symptoms coincided with a lymph node biopsy of his neck on the same side of his nerve lesion, an iatrogenic injury to the nerve appears to be the cause of the spinal accessory neuropathy.
		Since the nerve passes through the sternocleidomastoid muscle, it has traction placed upon it when that muscle contracts to turn the head away from the affected side and the shoulder is passively pushed downward.
		Vulnerability of the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck: a cadaveric study.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/emg6003e.htm (524 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In a February 1991 opinion from a VA doctor, it was felt that the subsequent signs of accessory nerve paralysis, supported by electrodiagnostic studies, were most likely due to accidental damage to the nerve that occurred during the May 1989 procedure.
		An Electromyographic study revealed right accessory nerve injury, which because of responses in the trapezius muscle was felt to mostly involve nerve fibers to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and some trapezius muscle fibers.
		A VA examination by a neurologist in April 1992 revealed that the veteran's spinal accessory nerve that supplied the upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid had been severely affected so that he had atrophy in the right supraclavicular area and right lateral neck and his right shoulder drooped.
	www.va.gov /vetapp/files1/9404750.txt (1254 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Accessory nerve pathology - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Accessory nerve pathology: Diseases of the eleventh cranial (spinal accessory) nerve.
		This nerve originates from motor neurons in the lower medulla (accessory portion of nerve) and upper spinal cord (spinal portion of nerve).
		The nerve is commonly involved in MOTOR NEURON DISEASE, and may be injured by trauma to the posterior triangle of the neck.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/accessory_nerve_pathology.htm (242 words)

	Center for Peripheral Nerve Surgery
		When this occurs, the nerves of the arm are pulled so hard that the nerves are actually yanked out of the spinal cord.
		Nerve transfers, in which a normal nerve is taken from its original (less important) muscle, and inserted into a different (more important) muscle whose nerve supply has been damaged.
		Common nerve transfers include accessory-to-suprascapular nerve or triceps branch-to-axillary nerve to regain shoulder abduction, and ulnar-to-musculocutaneous nerve or intercostal-to-musculocutaneous nerve to regain arm flexion.
	www.cumc.columbia.edu /dept/peripheral-nerve/problems/bpai.html (279 words)

	Anatomy of the Spinal Accessory Nerve Plexus: Relevance to Head and Neck Cancer and Atherosclerosis -- Brown 227 (8): ...
		of the spinal accessory nerve plexus, i.e., the lymphatic circulation
		the incidence of supraspinal accessory lymph node metastases
		Reconstruction of the spinal accessory nerve with an anastomosis of the dorsal C3 branch.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/227/8/570 (6242 words)

	Accessory nerve definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The accessory nerve is so-called because, although it arises in the brain, it receives an additional (accessory) root from the upper part of the spinal cord.
		Damage to the accessory nerve can be isolated (confined to the accessory nerve) or it may also involve the ninth and tenth cranial nerves which exit through the same opening (foramen) from the skull.
		Paralysis of the accessory nerve prevents rotation of the head away from that side and causes drooping of the shoulder.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7645 (211 words)

	Congress of Neurological Surgeons - Patient Education Materials
		Interestingly, enough, the taste from the front 2/3 of the tongue is transmitted to the brain from the facial nerve and parts of the facial nerve aids in allowing the salivary glands to secrete their fluid to assist in chewing and digestion.
		Since this nerve controls head turning and is a cranial nerve – as opposed to a spinal nerve, the motion of turning the head is typically preserved in patients who injure their spinal cords.
		The hypoglossal nerve is responsible for the complex movements of the tongue.
	www.neurosurgeon.org /public/pem/anatomy_cranialNerves.asp (1004 words)

	Cranial_Nerves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The second cranial nerve from the brain.Visual impulses from the retnia are sent along the optic nerve.
		The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve.
		The eleventh cranial nerve is primarily responsible for movement of the muscles of the upper shoulders, head, neck, larynx and pharynx.
	www.polychondritis.com /Neurological/CranialNervesAnIntro.html (384 words)

	Nerve Connections
		B) To restore some hand function, the accessory nerve is connected the paralysis-affected median nerve, and a still-functioning cervical plexus nerve branch is connected to a paralysis-affected brachial plexus branch.
		The nerves were routed through the spinal canal and connected to either 1) the distal ends of severed sacral nerve roots or 2) implanted into the conus medullaris.
		Procedurally, two intercostal nerves (again, nerves that lead from the spinal cord around each rib to the sternum) were dissected out and connected to cauda equine nerve roots (the roots descending from the lower cord).
	www.sci-therapies.info /Nerve-Connections.htm (2519 words)

	Spinal Accessory Nerve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The spinal accessory nerve originates from neuronal cell bodies located in the cervical spinal cord and caudal medulla.
		The cranial root of the accessory nerve originates from cells located in the caudal medulla.
		Most consider the cranial part of the eleventh cranial nerve to be functionally part of the vagus nerve.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn11.htm (131 words)

	English Cosmetic Surgery - Staff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Among patients who had modified neck dissection with preservation of the spinal accessory nerve, jugular vein, and sternocleidomastiod muscle (risk factors 2 and 3), the distribution of subjective disability (that is, pain) correlated exceedingly well with decreased objective movement and strength at the neck and shoulder (Table II).
		The most likely possibilty is that near the entrance of the nerve into the sternocleidomastiod muscle, the nerve commonly divides and the branch to the trapezius may continue medially to the muscle which makes it vulnerable to injury during the dissection of the nodes underneath the lower sternocleidomastoid muscle and in the posterior cervical triangle.
		A prospective study of 109 patients who underwent either a radical neck dissection or a modification of it with preservation of the spinal accessory nerve revealed that those patients in whom the nerve, muscle, and vein were preserved had less dysfunction (30%) than those with nerve preservation only (50%) or classic radical neck dissection (60%).
	www.surgeoncosmetic.com /staff/j_function.html (1901 words)

	eMedicine - Schwannoma, Cranial Nerve : Article Excerpt by: Mahesh Jayaraman, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Motor neurons of the oculomotor nerve (ie, CN III) leave the midbrain at the level of the tegmentum and emerge in the interpeduncular cistern.
		In the cavernous sinus, the oculomotor nerve courses along the lateral wall; it is the most superior of all the nerves in the sinus.
		From the trochlear nucleus in the midbrain, fibers of the trochlear nerve (ie, CN IV) cross the midline dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct and exit the midbrain dorsally.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/byname/schwannoma-cranial-nerve.htm (645 words)

	[No title]
		The SCM, the internal jugular vein, and the spinal accessory nerve are removed with the specimen d.
		These studies point out that both the spinal accessory and the hypoglossal nerve do not follow the aponeurotic compartments, but rather run across them; however, their conclusion was that if the tumor did not directly involve the nerves, they could be spared b.
		Involves the same dissection as in the radical neck, but the spinal accessory nerve and internal jugular vein are spared b.
	www.utmb.edu /oto/Grand_Rounds_Earlier.dir/Neck_Dissection_1996.txt (2422 words)

	044
		This nerve is studied when lesions involve the nerve itself, a C5 root, or the posterior cord or upper trunk of the brachial plexus.
		The axillary nerve is especially vulnerable to injury as it winds around the lateral aspect of the humerus where it can be involved either by fractures of the humerus or shoulder dislocation.
		The spinal accessory nerve is most susceptible to injury in its superficial course through the posterior cervical triangle (causing trapezius palsy) and less frequently above the sternomastoid branch (with resulting trapezius and sternomastoid weakness).
	www.teleemg.com /old_web/Chapters/jbr044.htm (411 words)

	Accessory nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The accessory nerve (or "Spinal accessory nerve") is the eleventh of twelve cranial nerves.
		It leaves the cranium through the jugular foramen along with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and vagus nerve (X).
		X: vagus: ganglia (jugular, nodose) - Alderman's nerve - in the neck (pharyngeal branch, superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal) - in the thorax (pulmonary branches, esophageal plexus) - in the abdomen (gastric plexuses, celiac plexus, gastric plexus)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Accessory_nerve (410 words)

	Cranial Nerve Nuclei (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The cranial nerve nuclei (along with other neurons of the brainstem) form in the periventricular zone within medial (motor) and lateral (sensory) regions in the developing brain.
		These fibers project medially and loop around the rostral 2/3 of the abducens nucleus before turning ventro-laterally to join the facial nerve (this particular path is consequential to the embryological origin of the branchiomeric facial nucleus, as illustrated above).
		This ganglion innervates the muscles of the pupil and lens and is thus involved in the control pupillary constriction and accommodation.
	sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca /cns/histo/systems/cranialnerves/main.htm (1334 words)

	eMedicine - Schwannoma, Cranial Nerve : Article by Mahesh Jayaraman, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Once in the IAC, the facial nerve courses in the superior-anterior quadrant of the canal, while the vestibular division of the vestibular nerve courses in the posterior superior and inferior quadrants, and the cochlear division courses in the inferior-posterior quadrant.
		The facial nerve enters the labyrinth (labyrinthine segment), courses anteriorly in the temporal bone to the geniculate ganglion, turns posteriorly to pass beneath the lateral semicircular canal (tympanic segment) and then inferiorly to course through the mastoid (vertical segment), and exits the temporal bone via the stylomastoid foramen.
		The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is formed by the fusion of multiple rootlets that emerge from the ventrolateral sulcus between the medullary olive and pyramid.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic7.htm (4023 words)

	Sensory pathways in the spinal accessory nerve Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Find Articles
		We obtained samples of spinal accessory nerve from patients undergoing radical surgery for tumours or nerve grafting in the neck.
		Each nerve sample was analysed for the size and number of nerve fibres and the presence or absence of myelin.
		The sample obtained from the jugular foramen contained the same proportions of different-sized nerve fibres as the lower samples which supports the idea that dorsal-- root C and AS fibres are inherent to the spinal accessory nerve and do not derive from communications with the cervical plexus.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3767/is_199903/ai_n8846411 (885 words)

	CuteCircuit + Accessory Nerve
		Accessory Nerve is a Bluetooth mono-sleeve accessory for mobile phones that changes pattern (creating pleats on the fabric) when a user receives phone calls.
		A-Nerve started as a collaboration between Ryan Genz of CuteCircuit and Interaction Designer Line Ulrika Christiansen, and continues to be developed at CuteCircuit.
		Accessory Nerve allows users to communicate with friends through a novel textile visual language, combining smart textiles and telecommunication technology.
	www.cutecircuit.com /now/projects/wearables/accessory-nerve (149 words)

	acoustic neuroma glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		CRANIAL NERVE - any one of twelve nerves, which are numbered, originating in the brain or brainstem and conveying information to or from structures in the head, neck, shoulders, or internal organs; the facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve is the eighth cranial nerve.
		This is the highest resolution type of imaging of the brain and cranial nerves within the skull, and x-rays are not used.
		The facial and vestibulocochlear nerves travel through canals in the temporal bone, and removal of portions of the temporal bone is necessary for acoustic neuroma surgery.
	www.ohsu.edu /ent/ear/glossary.html (1508 words)

	Definitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		nerves, that serve to conduct sensory stimuli from the olfactory organ to the
		accessory nerve n : either of a pair of motor nerves that are the 11th
		Tingling is an indication of damage or irritation to the nerves in that area.
	www.dickibus.co.uk /teamwork/definitions.htm (1784 words)

	Cranial Nerves
		The olfactory nerve is composed of axons from the olfactory receptors in the nasal sensory epithelium.
		This cranial nerve originates at the trochlear nucleus located in the tegmentum of the midbrain at the inferior colliculus level and exits the posterior side of the brainstem.
		This cranial branch is accessory to CN X, originating in the caudal nucleus ambiguous, with the fibers of the cranial root traveling the same extracranial path as the branchial motor component of the vagus nerve.
	www.pitt.edu /~anat/Neuro/CranialNerves/CN.htm (962 words)

	Rhytmic activity associated with respiration in both trapezius muscles
		For the accessory nerve, needle EMG recordings revealed that the M-response was 2.5 msec for the left trapezius and 2 msec for the left sternocleidomastoid muscle.
		However during electrical stimulation the spread of current to the accessory nerve was unavoidable due to the proximity of phrenic nerve stimulation site, though their thresholds for motor responses were similar.
		One remarkable common result of injury to the C5 spinal nerve is the presence of motor units in the muscle of the arm which fire rhythmically in time with respiration and can be activated by deep breathing demonstrated by EMG and indicating aberrant regeneration of diaphragmatic motor axons to the arm.
	www.med.ege.edu.tr /~norolbil/2004/NBD26504.htm (2207 words)

	Lab Manual - Posterior Triangle of the Neck
		Locate the vagus and phrenic nerves and describe their relationships to the organs, fascia, vessels, and viscera of the neck.
		The nerve is usually in the superficial layer of deep cervical fascia.
		Trace their course across the phrenic nerve and the anterior scalene muscle and through the posterior triangle to where they have been seen in previous dissections.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/head/postneck.html (1226 words)

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