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Topic: Accessory pigment

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	Chlorophyll - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In addition, there are many non-chlorophyll accessory pigments, such as carotenoids or phycobilins which also absorb light and transfer that light energy to the photosystem chlorophylls.
		The different chlorophyll and non-chlorophyll pigments associated with the photosystems all have different spectra, either because the spectra of the different chlorophylls are modified by their local protein environment, or because the accessory pigments have intrinsically different absorption spectra from chlorophyll.
		Chlorophyll is a chlorin pigment, which is structurally similar to and produced through the same metabolic pathway as other porphyrin pigments such as heme.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Accessory_pigment (1006 words)

	Photosynthetic Pigments
		In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, pigments are the means by which the energy of sunlight is captured for photosynthesis.
		However, since each pigment reacts with only a narrow range of the spectrum, there is usually a need to produce several kinds of pigments, each of a different color, to capture more of the sun's energy.
		One very visible accessory pigment is fucoxanthin the brown pigment which colors kelps and other brown algae as well as the diatoms.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss3/pigments.html (610 words)

	MODIS Website
		Accessory pigments versus chlorophyll a concentrations within the euphotic zone: A ubiquitous relationship.
		Nearly 7,000 (high performance liquid chromatography) pigment samples, collected within the euphotic zone, were measured to test the consistency of the relationship between accessory pigments and Chl a.
		Despite a wide range of environments sampled, the overall slope of the log accessory pigments:log TCHLA was found to be 0.934 with a relative-difference root-mean-square error of 28% in log accessory pigment concentrations.
	modis.gsfc.nasa.gov /sci_team/pubs/abstract.php?id=616 (253 words)

	Photosynthetic Pigment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Photosynthetic pigment is a pigment present in chloroplasts or photosynthetic bacteria which provides the energy necessary for photosynthesis.
		The photosynthetic pigments are responsible for absorbing and trapping light energy in the early steps of photosynthesis.
		Phycobilins are water-soluble pigments, and are therefore found in the cytoplasm, or in the stroma of the chloroplast.
	greatvistachemicals.com /dyes_and_pigments/photosynthetic_pigment.html (790 words)

	Photosynthesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plants capture light primarily using the pigment chlorophyll, which is the reason that most plants have a green color.
		Both chlorophyll and accessory pigments are contained in organelles (compartments within the cell) called chloroplasts.
		In the non-cyclic reaction, the photons are captured in the light-harvesting antenna complexes of photosystem II by chlorophyll and other accessory pigments (see diagram at right).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Photosynthesis (3852 words)

	Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic Plant Pigments
		Photosynthetic plant pigments have the capability to absorb certain wavelengths (colors) of light and change the light energy to chemical energy.
		The plant pigments are found in chloroplasts on the thylakoids.
		Accessory pigments absorb other colors of light (green) that chlorophyll a can't absorb.
	ghs.gresham.k12.or.us /science/ps/sci/soph/energy/photosyn/pigments.htm (100 words)

	Lab 9 - Autotrophic Protists - The Eukaryotic Algae
		The other chlorophylls transfer their light energy to chlorophyll a and are therefore called accessory pigments.
		Accessory pigments absorb light at a different wavelength than chlorophyll a, usually at slightly shorter wavelengths and transfer the energy via fluorescence.
		In addition to some of the chlorophyll pigments, other groups of pigments are considered accessory, and include carotenoid pigments (usually yellow and orange in color), xanthophylls (yellow-green and brown colors), and phycobilins (either bluish or red in color).
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~biol240/labs/lab_09algae/pages/09algalclass.html (1781 words)

	lab 4 AP sample 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In the light-dependent reactions pigments trap energy from light, and this energy is used to split water molecules (photolysis).
		Carotenoids are a type of accessory pigment that absorb blue and blue-green light.
		Plants contain several different pigments, and the rate of photosynthesis in plant cells is directly related to light and temperature.
	sps.k12.ar.us /massengale/lab_4__ap_sample_2.htm (1187 words)

	Fluorometers, Luminometers, and oil in water monitors from Turner Designs
		Chlorophyll a - the green photosynthetic pigment contained in all living algae that can be directly measured and used as the primary indicator of algal biomass.
		Chlorophyll c - an accessory pigment found in some algae that can effect the accuracy of chlorophyll a determinations.
		Phycocyanin - the accessory pigment found primarily in fresh water cyanobacteria species such as Anabaena, Microcystis, and Spirulina.
	www.turnerdesigns.com /t2/esupport/definitions.html (341 words)

	Plant Pigments
		Additional pigments such as chlorophyll b and carotenoids, known as "accessory pigments", capture different wavelengths of light and pass the energy to the chlorophyll a for use during photosynthesis.
		These accessory pigments often have additional functions such as acting as a "sunscreen" to protect plant cells from sunlight damage.
		Many of these pigments are found exclusively in one class of phytoplankton and can easily be used to determine if specific groups are present.
	www.coexploration.org /bbsr/classroombats/html/body_plant_pigments.html (1232 words)

	Excitation Energy Transfer and Energy Migration : Some Basics and Background
		In the case of bacteriochlorophyll in photosynthetic bacteria, the light quanta absorbed by two forms of this pigment (those with absorption bands at 800 nm and 850 nm) are transferred to the third one, with the absorption band at about 890 nm, and practically all fluorescence is emitted from the latter.
		The main conclusion from this study is that transfer of excitation energy (or excitons) occurs from the accessory pigments to the reaction center chlorophyll a or bacteriochlorophyll depending upon the system we are investigating.
		In the case of chlorophyll a in vivo, the apparent similarity of the absorption spectrum of the pigment in vivo with its spectrum in solution (in which absorption occurs in isolated molecules), suggests that conditions in photosynthetic units may not be those of "strong interaction" in which individual molecules are combined into a supermolecule.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /govindjee/biochem494/foerster.htm (3711 words)

	Inter Research » MEPS » v180 » p51-64
		Between June and September, the relative amounts of accessory pigments increased suggesting that inputs of material from the water column occurred during this period.
		Although benthic and water column pigments were found in the surface layers of silty and sandy sites, there were pronounced differences in biomass and vertical distribution.
		An increase in relative contributions of accessory pigments both at the surface and in deeper layers between spring and autumn suggest that silty sites are a sink for sedimenting algae from the water column during this time.
	www.int-res.com /abstracts/meps/v180/p51-64 (481 words)

	PHOTOSYNTHESIS
		Pigments have their own characteristic absorption spectra, the absorption pattern of a given pigment.
		Accessory pigments absorb energy that chlorophyll a does not absorb.
		The photosynthetic pigment that is essential for the process to occur is ___.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPS.html (4324 words)

	Lab 9 - Autotrophic Protists - The Eukaryotic Algae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The pigment common to all algae is chlorophyll a.
		In addition, individual species may vary in the production of accessory pigments depending upon their location in the intertidal or their stage of growth.
		emonstrate the presence of chlorophyll a within the brown and red algae by taking a piece of each one and dipping it in boiling water to extract the accessory pigment.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~biol240/labs/lab_09algae/pages/09photopigs.html (442 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		The accessory medulla with its associated pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neurons appears to be the pacemaker that controls the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae.
		The pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) is produced in the eyestalks of Crustacea where it induces light-adapting movements of pigment in the compound eye and regulates the pigment dispersion in the chromatophores.
		The cDNAs encoding the precursors of a chromactive crustacean hormone, Pigment Dispersing Hormone (PDH) of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei, were studied by PCR and molecular cloning.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/hjmuller/pigdsf2.htm (1931 words)

	Appendix I
		The pigment calculations by both labs were carefully checked and found to be correct, thus eliminating the first explanation.
		This result is not surprising since, in contrast to accessory pigments, chlorophyll a is readily available and routinely used for instrument calibration.
		Thus, the poorer agreement for the accessory pigments shown in Table 2 probably results from infrequent HPLC calibration for these pigments.
	www1.whoi.edu /mzweb/tsorapp.htm (1039 words)

	photosynthesis
		Chlorophyll a is the pigment in plants and algae that can drive the reactions of photosynthesis.
		When a pigment absorbs light, electrons are boosted to a higher energy level.
		Whether or not a pigment can cause a chemical reaction depends on its structure and on its relationship with neighboring molecules.
	www.gpc.edu /~vmicheli/biol107/107photo.htm (1159 words)

	[No title]
		Red Algae -multicellular- films and filaments -oldest form -mostly tropical oceans -red color from accessory pigment- allows growth in deep water 4.
		Brown algae - multicellular and large - kelp -brown pigment from accessory pigment 5.
		Green algae -most diverse unicellular to multicellular -freshwater F. Significance -major food sources- phytoplankton diatoms in cold oceans dinoflagellates in warm tropical oceans -carbohydrates used as thickeners red algae: carageenin, agar (puddings, soups, toothpaste) brown algae: algin (jelly beans, beer, marshmallows) -food- asian -iodine from brown algae II.
	www.life.umd.edu /classroom/bsci124/straney/combined.doc (780 words)

	YaHooka Forums - FAQ: A
		Pigment other then the primary pigment (clorophll) which collects solar energy.
		Oriented toward the shoot meristem, the upper surface of the leaf.
		Anthocyanin pigments are responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors of many fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, and flowers.
	www.yahooka.com /forum/faq.php?faq=glossary_a (230 words)

	Re: What does Chlorophyll a do, comparred to chlorphyll b?
		Chl b is, technically, an accessory pigment - its job is to absorb light and transfer it to the reaction centres.
		The purpose of slight differences in absorbed wavelengths of the two chlorophylls can be explained by considering that different photosynthetic organisms will have different wavelengths of light available in their ecological niches.
		Even a slightly better pigment for capturing light at one wavelength or another would give an appreciable advantage to an organism that used it.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/nov99/942078916.Bc.r.html (183 words)

	Bay of Fundy Species List Search - Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Accessory pigment – any photosynthetic pigment that absorbs light and transfers the energy to a reaction center of chlorophyll “a”
		Cortex – the outer tissue regions of a thallus, containing photosynthetic pigments and usually characterized by dense compacting or loose arrangement of its component branchlets, filaments or cells
		Phaetophyta – a division of multicellular algae possessing the brown accessory pigment fucoxanthin along with chlorophyll a and c and storing excess photosynthate as chrysolaminarin and mannitol
	gmbis.marinebiodiversity.ca /BayOfFundy/glossMA.html (4500 words)

	YaHooka Forums - Glossery of terms part 1 A - E (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Accessory Cannabinoids- cannabinoids (CBC, CBD, CBN) which probably interact with the primary cannabinoids (THC) to alter their effect
		Accessory Pigment- pigment other then the primary pigment (clorophll) which collects solar energy
		Carotenoid Pigment- an accessory pigment, usually yellow, orange, red or brown
	www.yahooka.com /forum/showthread.php?t=83252 (2580 words)

	Light
		Chlorophylls - absorb red, blue - in grana of chloroplasts, fat soluble; B and C are accessory pigments,
		accessory pigments, protects Chlorophyll from superoxide by photo-oxidation
		B and C are accessory pigments, A is primary photosynthetic pigment
	www.resnet.wm.edu /~mcmath/bio431/unit4.html (398 words)

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	accessory-computer.com /Pigment-Yellow-ink-cartridge-Epson-96007600-... (162 words)

	Chapter Outline
		Pigments are molecules that absorb light, carotenoids and chlorophylls
		Carotenoids are also accessory pigments that expand energy capture
		Antenna complex of 130 chlorophyll a and accessory pigment molecules
	www.mhhe.com /biosci/genbio/biolink/student/olc2/chap10outline.html (1712 words)

	PBIO 420 LECTURE OUTLINES SZE
		Pigments are organized into light-harvesting complexes (LHC) on the thylakoid membrane.
		A) Excitation Energy Transfer: Light energy absorbed by pigments is transferred (funneled) to neighboring pigments and to a reaction center pigment Chl a.
		b) Photochemical reaction: The reaction center pigment chl a gives up an electron.
	www.life.umd.edu /classroom/BSCI442/lec13.htm (92 words)

	Photosynth
		Other pigments which serve as accessory pigments in LHC’s (19-37)
		Analogous to accessory pigments, antenna molecules in higher plants
		Energy available to nearby antenna molecule or accessory pigment
	www.clt.astate.edu /agrippo/photosynth.htm (521 words)

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