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Topic: Accident fallacy


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In the News (Sun 27 May 12)

  
  Fallacy - LoveToKnow 1911
This fallacy has been illustrated by ethical or theological arguments wherein the fear of punishment is subtly substituted for abstract right as the sanction of moral obligation.
The purely Logical or Formal fallacies consist in the violation of the formal rules of the Syllogism.
Of other classifications of Fallacies in general the most famous are those of Francis Bacon and J. Mill.
www.1911encyclopedia.org /Fallacy   (1105 words)

  
 Accident
Abstract: The fallacy of Accident is based upon the limited applicability of a "glittering generality"--from a generalization as a premiss, an atypical particular conclusion is claimed to follow.
Accident: the fallacy of applying a general rule to a particular case whose special circumstances render the rule inapplicable.
The fallacy of accident arises from believing the general premiss which has a qualified meaning applies in all circumstances without restriction.
philosophy.lander.edu /logic/accident.html   (321 words)

  
 Fallacies [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
It is the converse of the composition fallacy.
Guilt by association is a version of the ad hominem fallacy in which a person is said to be guilty of error because of the group he or she associates with.
This fallacy is a kind of non sequitur in which the premises are wholly irrelevant to drawing the conclusion.
www.iep.utm.edu /f/fallacy.htm   (13659 words)

  
 The Autonomist - Logic Fallacies
Accident fallacy - (See Converse accident fallacy) Applying a general rule or principle to particular cases the generality does not cover or applying a general statement to cases it was not intended to include.
The pathetic fallacy is a subset of this fallacy.
Inconsistency fallacy - Arguing from inconsistent statements, or to conclusions that are inconsistent with the premises.
theautonomist.com /aaphp/permanent/fallacies.php   (14595 words)

  
 A Freeper's Introduction to Rhetoric (Part 8, Accident and Converse Accident)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
The fallacies of accident and converse accident arise as a result of the careless, or deliberately deceptive, use of generalizations.
Accident is the fallacy we commit when we move carelessly or too quickly from a generalization; converse accident is the fallacy we commit when we move carelessly or too quickly to a generalization.
Converse accident is a kind of fallacious reasoning whose error is plain to everyone once that error has been exposed; yet it may serve as a convenient deception, on which many persons are tempted to rely when they argue inattentively or with great passion.
www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-chat/1049374/posts   (1910 words)

  
 [No title]
fallacies of relevance: the first set of fallacies are those in which the argument used is logically irrelevant to the conclusion.
fallacies of ambiguity: these are arguments where certain words or phrases have ambiguous meanings that are shifted or reinterpreted in the course of the argument, rendering them fallacious.
composition: reasoning fallaciously from the attributes of the parts of a whole to the attributes of the whole itself: "all of the parts of this machine are light, therefore the machine itself is light".
www.empowermentzone.com /fallacy.txt   (6108 words)

  
 Topics:  Informal Fallacies
From a psychological point of view, a fallacy is often defined as a mistake in reasoning used for deceptive purposes; however, many fallacies are, in fact, not deceptive to most persons.
The fallacy of Accident is based upon the limited applicability of a "glittering generality"—from a generalization as a premiss, an atypical particular conclusion is claimed to follow.
Converse Accident or hasty generalization is the fallacy of drawing a general conclusion based on one or several atypical instances.
philosophy.lander.edu /logic/fallacy_topics.html   (408 words)

  
 Review-Validity
These fallacies have been grouped together because they can all be considered to be based on the classical structure of argumentation.
LAUDATORY PERSONALITY: a particular type of fallacy of accident that reasons that a person won't do or couldn't have done something bad, or that the person must have done something good, because he or she has some good qualities or occupies a prestigious position.
REPREHENSIBLE PERSONALITY: a particular type of fallacy of accident that reasons that a person won't do or couldn't have done something good, or that the person must have done something bad, because he or she has some negative qualities or occupies a particular position.
www.humboldt.edu /~act/HTML/tests/fallacy1/review.html   (276 words)

  
 Accident (fallacy) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The logical fallacy of accident, also called destroying the exception or a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid, is a deductive fallacy occurring in statistical syllogisms (an argument based on a generalization) when an exception to the generalization is ignored.
It is one of the thirteen fallacies originally identified by Aristotle.
The opposing kind of dicto simpliciter fallacy is the converse accident.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Accident_(fallacy)   (289 words)

  
 Fallacies
Fallacies also can be classified as deductive or inductive, depending upon whether the fallacious argument is deductive or inductive, that is, assessed by deductive standards or inductive standards.
You commit the fallacy of appeal to emotions when someone's appeal to you to accept their claim is accepted merely because the appeal arouses your feelings of anger, fear, grief, love, outrage, pity, pride, sexuality, sympathy, and so forth.
Although many philosophers argue that the naturalistic fallacy is not a fallacy, and although the term is not used entirely consistently, the fallacy is most often meant to apply to any attempt to define good in naturalistic terms.
jmm.aaa.net.au /articles/14956.htm   (12937 words)

  
 The Radical Academy Glossary of Philosophical Terms
A fallacy in which one argues from a statement which is generally true (absolute statement) to a specific case.
The fallacy which confuses the accidental and essential characteristics of a thing, so that what is affirmed of something as adventitious to a thing is also applied to the subject itself.
A fallacy in which the very conclusion (question) to be proved is, in some form or other, assumed to be true; or, one in which the conclusion is proved by a principle whose truth depends on the truth of the conclusion itself.
radicalacademy.com /aipphilglossary1.htm   (1126 words)

  
 Fallacies
Fallacy of argumentum ad baculum (argument from power or force.) The Latin means "an argument according to the stick." "argument by means of the rod," "argument using force." Arguing to support the acceptance of an argument by a threat, or use of force.
The gambler's fallacy rejects the assumption in probability theory that each event is independent of its previous happening.
Linguistic fallacies have to do with defects in arguments such as ambiguity (in which careless shifts of meanings or linguistic imprecisions lead to erroneous conclusions), vagueness, incorrect use of words, lack of clarity, linguistic inconsistencies, circularities.
www.cse.ohio-state.edu /~rountev/fallacies.html   (2587 words)

  
 Fallacies of Presumption
The fallacy of accident begins with the statement of some principle that is true as a general rule, but then errs by applying this principle to a specific case that is unusual or atypical in some way.
The fallacy of converse accident begins with a specific case that is unusual or atypical in some way, and then errs by deriving from this case the truth of a general rule.
The fallacy of false cause infers the presence of a causal connectionsimply because events appear to occur in correlation or (in the post hoc, ergo propter hoc variety) temporal succession.
www.philosophypages.com /lg/e06b.htm   (549 words)

  
 Secondary Assumption and the Fallacy of Accident
a fallacy of accident is committed when an argument uses a conditional whose secondary assumptions generally obtain -- leading us to generally credit the if-then -- but are false under the exceptional circumstances in question
Clarify the argument and identify the fallacy as under the guideline above.
If the argument in your judgment does not commit the fallacy evaluate it as a "sound generalization" or as a sound instance of the appropriate singular argument form.
members.aol.com /wutsamada2/crithink/accident.htm   (579 words)

  
 Logical Fallacies
"The fallacy of accident consists in applying a general rule to a particular case whose 'accidental' circumstances render the rule inapplicable." For instance, while generally one should not exceed the speed limit, it is acceptable for emergency vehicles to do so.
Reasoning fallaciously from the attributes of the parts of a whole to the attributes of the whole itself: "all of the parts of this machine are light, therefore the machine itself is light".
Description: A fallacy of correlation that links events because they occur simultaneously; one asserts that because two events occur together they are causally related, and leaves no room for other factors that may be the cause(s) of the events.
education.gsu.edu /spehar/FOCUS/EdPsy/misc/Fallacies.htm   (2078 words)

  
 Philosophical Dictionary: A proposition-Adorno
An informal fallacy that arises from the ambiguity produced by a shift of emphasis in spoken or written language.
The informal fallacy of applying a generally reliable rule to a particular case without considering the qualifying features that might make it an exception to the rule.
The informal fallacy of supposing that a proposition should be denied because of some disqualifying feature of the person who affirms it.
www.philosophypages.com /dy/a.htm   (1906 words)

  
 Converse accident - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The logical fallacy of converse accident (also called reverse accident, destroying the exception or a dicto secundum quid ad dictum simpliciter) is a deductive fallacy that can occur in a statistical syllogism when an exception to a generalization is wrongly called for.
The inductive version of this fallacy is called hasty generalization.
The opposing kind of dicto simpliciter is accident.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Converse_accident   (135 words)

  
 THE FALLACY OF ACCIDENT   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
The Fallacy of Accident is committed when a general rule is applied to a particular case whose "accidental" circumstances mean that the rule is inapplicable.
It is the error made when one goes from the general to the specific.
This fallacy is often committed by moralists and legalists who try to decide every moral and legal question by mechanically applying general rules.
www.smouse.demon.co.uk /logargnew/laacc.htm   (71 words)

  
 Overview
The names of logical fallacies organized below are linked to more extensive documents made up of examples of the designated fallacy and (occasionally) explanation and discussion of the fallacy.
On the contrary, I have intentionally included an occasional example which may look like the fallacy under consideration, but fails to count as an example of that fallacy for one or more reasons.
Also: remember that fallacies are gregarious, social creatures (which is not to say that gregarious, social creatures are prone to fallacious thinking...) - a given argument may involve more than one fallacy, and so the same argument will sometimes appear in more than one category.
www.drury.edu /ess/Logic/Informal/Overview.html   (230 words)

  
 US Lawyer Locator - Accident Laws
Sailing ships were (and are) frequently put in the way of difficult conditions, whether by storm or combat, and the crew frequently called upon to cope with accidents, ranging from the parting of a single line to whole destruction of the rigging, and from running aground to fire.
A car accident in Yate, near Bristol, England, in July 2004.
Physical examples include an unintended collision (including a person or object unintendedly falling, and including a gun going off unintendedly or pointing in the wrong direction or while unintendedly containing a bullet), getting injured by touching something sharp or getting injured by not properly landing when jumping.
www.uslawyerlocator.com /accidentlawresource.shtml   (474 words)

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