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Topic: Accommodation reflex

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	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for accommodation
		A reflex adjustment of the eyes for near vision that occurs in response to an object appearing suddenly in front of the face and that consists of pupillary constriction, ocular convergence, and increased convexity of the lenses.
		accommodation (fatigue, synaptic accommodation) The exhaustion of neurotransmitter at the synapse when a stimulus is repeated frequently.
		The distance between the near point and the far point of the eye, the limits within which accommodation (1) is able to adjust the crystalline lens so that an image is sharply focused on the retina.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=accommodation (1238 words)

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	Reflex action Summary
		In the case of a hot object, the voluntary muscle reflex arc begins with the mechanical receptors (thermal receptors) that provide stimulus to the transmitting neuron or neurons that, in turn, pass the neural impulse on to the motor neuron that causes the appropriate muscle movements.
		A reflex is considered a "stereotypical" response, in that it is a mechanical response brought about by the stimulation of a particular neuron, resulting in a particular action which is not varied through the voluntary control of the individual.
		An example is the escape reflex (e.g., the sudden withdrawal of a hand in response to a pain stimulus), or the patellar reflex (the jerking of a leg when the kneecap is tapped).
	www.bookrags.com /Reflex_action (2194 words)

	Characterization of vagal pathways mediating gastric accommodation reflex in rats.
		Characterization of vagal pathways mediating gastric accommodation reflex in rats.
		We investigated the vagal pathways mediating the gastric accommodation reflex in the rat stomach.
		Similar to in vivo studies, gastric distension caused a smaller increase in intragastric pressure in response to gastric distension in the denervated, vascularly isolated, perfused stomach obtained from rats 4 weeks after vagotomies in vitro.
	www.medscape.com /medline/abstract/9365919 (359 words)

	NeuroAnatomy Glossary
		Afferent limb of reflex involves trigeminal ganglion cells whose distal axon branches run in the ophthalmic division of V and central branches which enter the descending tract of V and synapse with cells in the interpolar part of the spinal nucleus.
		This reflex serves the purpose of stabilizing the organism when one limb is withdrawn as in the withdrawal reflex.
		A pattern of motor impairment produced by brainstem lesions (i.e., lesions rostral to the pyramidal decussation) in which there is upper motor neuron paralysis of the arm and leg contralateral to the lesion, and lower motor neuron paralysis involving a cranial nerve motor function ipsilateral to the lesion.
	www.umassmed.edu /strokestop/glossary.html (6641 words)

	Eye - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		This is less accurate than the vestibulo-ocular reflex as it requires the brain to process incoming visual information and supply feedback.
		The optokinetic reflex is a combination of a saccade and smooth pursuit movement.
		While there are many changes of significance in the nondiseased eye, the most functionally important changes seem to be a reduction in pupil size and the loss of accommodation or focusing capability (presbyopia).
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/e/y/e/Eye.html (5175 words)

	Yachigusa Ryu: The Top Ten Principles Of Yachigusa Ryu Aiki Bugei - #3 Reflex Action
		These reflexes are known as myotic (tendon) or stretch reflexes because of the way in which they are evoked; stretching a muscle, or even slightly tapping a tendon.
		In the withdrawal reflex, for example, when you poke your finger on a pin the finger is pulled away from the pain as the muscles contract.
		The first is the reflex action that results when a person is “knocked out.” In this case the lack of consciousness, to whatever degree, is the reflex to the stimulus.
	www.yachigusaryu.com /blog/2006/08/top-ten-principles-of-yachigusa-ryu_18.html (4057 words)

	Yale- Cranial Nerve 3, pg. 16
		As a result of this damage, signals carried by CN II from the retina are not relayed via the pretectal nucleus on the affected side to the Edinger-Westphal nuclei.
		This results in a loss of both the direct and consensual pupillary light reflex when light is shined in the eye on the affected side.
		Because the accommodation reflex pathway is distinct from the pupillary light reflex pathway the accommodation reflex is unaffected.
	info.med.yale.edu /caim/cnerves/cn3/cn3_16.html (87 words)

	Case Based Pediatrics Chapter
		The accommodation reflex is difficult to see on light eyed individuals, it is impossible to see on dark eyed individuals, and it is impossible to accomplish on non-cooperative subjects such as infants and toddlers.
		Reflex placing is seen when the dorsum of the foot is placed against the edge of the examination table.
		Reflex stepping is seen when the sole of the foot is placed on the table, and the infant appears to be walking.
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s18c01.html (3996 words)

	Motor lab protocol for PHSL 410b
		Reflex action is initiated by an input stimulus and results in an output response.
		Reflex activity ranges from the simple reflex, which are mediated by neuronal connections within the spinal cord to the complex reflexes in which higher brain centers are involved.
		Door jam Reflex- This exercise is designed to demonstrate the activity of the muscle spindle by having the subject stand in the doorway and extend both arms to the side, pressing against the door jam.
	www.siumed.edu /~bkinney/cnsprotocol3.html (2880 words)

	eMedicine - Presbyopia and Amplitude of Accommodation : Article by Mounir Bashour, MD, CM, PhD, FRCSC, FACS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The classic measurement of the amplitude of accommodation in a patient of any age is to begin with the distance manifest refraction (emmetropia) in place as a fixed reference point.
		To isolate accommodation from convergence effects, a target Snellen letter is placed at the 40-cm distance, and the patient is asked to respond when a blurred image clears while being alternately presented with plus (inhibition) and minus (stimulation) spheres, monocularly or binocularly.
		Use of facility training to either the juvenile with insufficient or ill-sustained accommodation or to the recent postoperative SRP patient is recommended to improve not only amplitude but also to augment the rehabilitation of voluntary and reflex skills diminished by years of disuse.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic724.htm (3742 words)

	Accommodation (eye) information - Search.com
		Accommodation is the process by which the eye increases optical power to maintain a clear image (focus) on the retina
		Helmholtz - Hermann von Helmholtz proposed his theory of accommodation in the middle of the 19th century.
		When viewing a far object, the circularly arranged ciliary muscle relaxes causing the lens zonules and suspensory ligaments to pull on the lens, flattening it.
	www.search.com /reference/Accommodation_(eye) (179 words)

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	Nicotinic Receptor Mediates Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in the Rat Gastric Myenteric Plexus -- Nakamura et al. 101 ...
		Recently, we demonstrated that the gastric accommodation reflex is mediated by the vagal efferent pathways and nicotinic synapses
		The role of NO in the mediation of the gastric accommodation reflex is well established (17, 63).
		Owyang (1997) Characterization of vagal pathways mediating gastric accommodation reflex in rats.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/101/7/1479 (6400 words)

	Pupillary Abnormalities
		The pupillary light reflex is a four neuron arc.
		Light-near dissociation, refers to a condition where the light reflex is absent or abnormal but the near response is intact.
		There is no clinical condition in which the light reflex is present and the near response is absent.
	www.opt.indiana.edu /riley/homepage/Pupil_Abnormal/1_Saint_Pupil_Abnormal.html (1891 words)

	[No title]
		LIGHT REFLEXES It was mentioned earlier that a few fibers of the optic tract bypassed the lateral geniculate body to be involved in certain reflexes.
		The consensual light reflex is the simultaneous contraction of the other eye, and is usually less than the direct reflex.
		This reflex can be elicited by asking the patient to look at a distant object and then focus on a finger held several inches away from their face.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/04c.wbc (490 words)

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	Special Senses
		A variety of reflexes of the limb musculature, are mediated by activation of the otolith organs and semicircular canals.
		During this condition, an additional feature is added to the vestibulo-ocular reflex: when the eye reaches an extreme position it is rapidly flicked back (re-set) to a starting point (the opposite extreme position), to continue a new cycle of compensatory movement during continuing head rotation.
		Note that in both the myopic and hypermetropic eye, the lens is capable of accommodation, except that the required range is limited in the far or near direction, respectively.
	www.medicine.mcgill.ca /physio/cullenlab/Notes209.htm (7955 words)

	Development of a test to measure gastric accommodation in humans -- Kuiken et al. 277 (6): 1217 -- AJP - ...
		to meal ingestion is a robust reflex in health.
		Role of impaired gastric accommodation to a meal in functional dyspepsia.
		Gastric accommodation in non-ulcer dyspepsia and the roles of Helicobacter pylori infection and vagal function.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/6/G1217 (2772 words)

	Online Dictionary for French English, Spanish English, Italian English, and more.
		Helpful in bringing about a harmonious adaptation; "the warden was always accommodating in allowing visitors in"; "made a special effort to be accommodating"; 2.
		Reflex changes in the eyes that enable an object to be focused on the retina.
		Of or relating to the accommodation of the lens of the eye; "accommodational strain."
	www.ultralingua.com /onlinedictionary/?text=accolade (407 words)

	Dynamic Accommodation and Myopia -- Culhane and Winn 40 (9): 1968 -- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
		reflex and adaptive components of the accommodation response.
		Typical accommodation trace for a far-to-near (2–4 D) step change in stimulus vergence illustrating reaction time (a) and response time (b).
		Kaufman, PL (1992) Accommodation and presbyopia: Neuromuscular and biophysical aspects Hart, WM eds.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/40/9/1968 (3468 words)

	accommodation - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Accommodation : Visionary, for the Study of Vision [home, info]
		Phrases that include accommodation: accommodation reflex, accommodation bill, accommodation paper, accommodation endorser, relative accommodation, more...
		Words similar to accommodation: accommodational, adjustment, fitting, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=accommodation (376 words)

	World J Gastroenterol
		Gastric accommodation is important for the under-standing of the pathophysiology in functional dyspepsia and is also relevant for symptom generation in other disorders.
		The term gastric accommodation has at least three different meanings: The accommodation process, the accommodation reflex, and the accommodation response.
		The gastric accommodation process is a complex phenomenon that describes how the size of the gastric compartment changes in response to a meal.
	www.wjgnet.com /1007-9327/abstract_en.asp?f=2825&v=12 (192 words)

	Neuroscience/Objectives/Lecture 21 - PhysioWiki
		1.3 Discuss the visceral motor component of cranial nerve III and its function in the pupillary light reflex and accommodation.
		Discuss the visceral motor component of cranial nerve III and its function in the pupillary light reflex and accommodation.
		During the accommodation reflex, E-W neurons are activated, resulting in pupillary constriction (contraction of iris) and thickening of the lens (accommodation) to adjust for brightness and focus, respectively.
	diberri.dyndns.org /physiowiki/index.php/Neuroscience/Objectives/Lecture_21 (891 words)

	light reflex intact with absent accommodation reflex - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An absent accommodation reflex with an intact light reflex can be the result of:
		The information provided herein should not be used for diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
		Oxbridge Solutions Ltd® is an independent company owned by the authors which does not receive income from any other organisation or individual.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/87359498.htm (92 words)

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	Adie (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, the pupil constricts in response to accommodation with delayed dilatation (this results in reversal of anisocoria).
		Note: Adie's pupil is bilateral in 15% of cases and in long-standing cases the pupil may be miosed.
		In the clinical examination, light responses are absent in all the three conditions.
	www.mrcophth.com /pupils/Adie.html (258 words)

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