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Topic: Accumulated Cyclone Energy

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1950 Atlantic hurricane season

2004 Atlantic hurricane season

	Accumulated cyclone energy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) is a measure used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to express the activity of Atlantic hurricane seasons.
		Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of velocity, and by adding together the energy per some interval of time, the accumulated energy is found.
		Although ACE is a value proportional to the energy of the system, it is not a direct calculation of energy (the mass of the moved air and therefore the size of the storm would show up in a real energy calculation).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Accumulated_Cyclone_Energy (907 words)

	2006 Atlantic hurricane season - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although it spent most of its existence in 2006, it is officially a storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season since it formed during 2005.
		Southwesterly vertical wind shear was a constant companion to this system, but as it moved closer to Florida, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm on the morning of June 11.
		On the morning of July 18, the low pressure area was designated the second tropical cyclone of the season, ending more than a month of inactivity in the Atlantic Basin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2006_Atlantic_hurricane_season (2899 words)

	IRI: Tropical Cyclone Activity Forecasts
		The lowest number of tropical cyclones in the peak season during this historical period was 6 and the maximum was 20.
		The seasonal distribution of these model tropical cyclones in the eastern North Pacific region is similar to that of observed tropical cyclones in the region.
		The amount of tropical cyclone activity of both model and observations in the eastern North Pacific region is influenced by ENSO.
	iri.columbia.edu /forecast/tc_fcst/en_pacific/en_pacific_tc_may2005.html (591 words)

	World Climate Report » Hurricane/Global Warming Linkage Takes Another Hit
		(2006), all present evidence that the tropical cyclone regime, at least in the Atlantic basin, during the past 20-30 years, is a complex combination of the interactions of several different environmental factors that include sea surface temperatures (SST), vertical wind shear, and atmospheric stability, among others.
		Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index values for the ocean basins examined by Klotzbach.
		Sea-surface temperatures and tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin.
	www.worldclimatereport.com /index.php/2006/05/26/hurricaneglobal-warming-linkage-takes-another-hit (661 words)

	CLIMATE: Uncertainty in Hurricanes and Global Warming -- Trenberth 308 (5729): 1753 -- Science
		However, the convective available potential energy (15) is also affected by large-scale subsiding air that increases the stability and dryness of the atmosphere, and is often associated with wind shear throughout the troposphere (16).
		The convective available potential energy appears to have increased in the tropics from 1958 to 1997 (17, 18), which should increase the potential for enhanced moist convection, and thus--conceivably--for more hurricanes.
		The convective available potential energy (CAPE) depends on the vertical profile of moist static energy (the combination of sensible heat, which is related to temperature, and potential and latent energy) and thus on moisture and temperature profiles.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/full/308/5729/1753?ijkey=SEDW/XJl0oHg.&keytype=ref&siteid=sci (1625 words)

	2005_Atlantic_hurricane_season - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) value for the season was predicted to be 120–190% of the median.
		On October 19 it became the strongest tropical cyclone on record in the Atlantic basin, with 185 mph (295 km/h) winds and a central pressure of 882 mbar (hPa).
		The high level of activity and strength was reflected in the accumulated cyclone energy value at the end of July; at 63 it was the highest ever.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=2005_Atlantic_hurricane_season (4849 words)

	Climate Prediction Center - Atlantic Hurricane Outlook - Background Information
		The phrase "total seasonal activity" refers to the collective intensity and duration of Atlantic named storms and hurricanes occurring during a given season.
		The measure of total seasonal activity used by NOAA is called the Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index.
		The ACE index is a wind energy index, defined as the sum of the squares of the maximum sustained surface wind speed (knots) measured every six hours for all named systems while they are at least tropical storm strength.
	www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov /products/outlooks/background_information.shtml (422 words)

	Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years KERRY EMANUEL / Letters / Nature v.436, 4aug2005
		Although the frequency of tropical cyclones is an important scientific issue, it is not by itself an optimal measure of tropical cyclone threat.
		Tropical cyclones do not respond directly to SST, however, and the appropriate measure of their thermodynamic environment is the potential intensity, which depends not only on surface temperature but on the whole temperature profile of the troposphere.
		Owing to changes in measuring and reporting practices since systematic observations of tropical cyclones began in the mid-1940s, there are systematic biases in reported tropical cyclone wind speeds that must be accounted for in analysing trends.
	www.mindfully.org /Air/2005/Cyclone-Increasing-Destructive4aug05.htm (3622 words)

	1986 Atlantic hurricane season - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1986 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1986, and lasted until November 30, 1986.
		These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin.
		The World Meteorological Organization retired no names used in the 1986 season.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1986_Atlantic_hurricane_season (847 words)

	CARIBWX The Caribbean Weather Site
		While the overall Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) may be about 60% to 70% above "normal" for the entire Atlantic Basin, ACE in the Tropical Atlantic may be nearly 90% above "normal".
		Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE is roughly comparable to NTC) 45% (6%) above 50 year average and 27% above (23% below) the 10 year average.
		According to Gray, the period from 1995-2002 comprised the most active hurricane seasons on record and he believes that we are in a multi-decade period of increased tropical cyclone activity, such as that occurred in the 1940’s and 1950’s.
	www.caribwx.com /cyclone1.html (6527 words)

	FAQ : HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES
		The NOAA Seasonal Outlook for Atlantic basin hurricane activity does not predict numbers of tropical storms, hurricanes and major hurricanes directly.
		Rather, the scheme is set up to forecast a range of expected values for the ACE index (Accumulated Cyclone Energy), a measure of overall activity.
		The ranges predicted for numbers of systems are obtained by looking at the years in the historical record which had observed values for ACE in the predicted range for the current year.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /hrd/tcfaq/F5.html (195 words)

	Scholastic.com \| Online Activities: Weather Watch
		The NOAA’s predictions are based on calculations of the amount of energy in the atmosphere that can turn into storms.
		They call this calculation the Accumulated Cyclone Energy, or ACE index.
		According to their forecasts, the predicted ACE index this year might be twice what is normal.
	teacher.scholastic.com /activities/wwatch/news/index.htm (358 words)

	NOAA Seasonal Hurricane Forecasts
		Seasons are classified by a simple combination of their frequency, intensity and duration - called Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE).
		The forecasts are based upon diagnostic and predictive tools (analog years and regression techniques) with a subjective blend of the actual forecasters own interpretation and insight.
		Landsea, C. W., 2000: "El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the seasonal predictability of tropical cyclones".
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /hrd/project2003/seasonal.html (559 words)

	a33b in fm04
		An index of TC activity [accumulated cyclone energy (ACE)] is used, which is shown to be positively correlated with ENSO indices.
		The relationship is consistent over the annual cycle of tropical cyclone activity, and ACE during the peak season (northern summer and fall) is correlated approximately as strongly with ENSO indices up to six months later (northern winter) as simultaneously.
		The influence of western north Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs)on their large-scale environment is also examined by lag-regressing various large-scale climate variables on ACE on a weekly time scale.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm04&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm04/fm04&maxhits=200&="A33B" (2602 words)

	CERO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		It also anticipates a seasonal Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index in the range of 120%-170% of the median.
		Consistent with past above-normal hurricane seasons it is likely that many of these hurricanes will develop over the tropical Atlantic and move generally westward as they strengthen.
		An important measure of the overall seasonal activity is NOAA’s Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index, which accounts for the collective strength and duration of Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes during a given hurricane season (see Background Information).
	www.barbados.gov.bb /cero/ViewNews.asp?ID=22&Dat=8/7/2003 (1027 words)

	Busy tropical seasons can be mild ones - gainesvilletimes.com
		Also called tropical cyclones, hurricanes display an enormous amount of energy that manifests itself as fierce winds and torrential downpours.
		The intensity and duration of tropical cyclones is combined into a number called the Accumulated Cyclone Energy Index.
		Those are the ones that push hurricanes on their slow, wobbly journeys from western Africa to the Caribbean.
	www.gainesvilletimes.com /news/stories/20050724/localnews/124931.shtml (492 words)

	a42b in wp04
		This is presumably indicative of a causal influence of ENSO on tropical cyclone intensity.
		However, on the time scale of a couple of weeks, other signals are apparent, indicative of the immediate effects of tropical cyclones on their environment.
		AB: Tropical cyclones (TCs) generally exist in the data-sparse oceanic belt extending from near the Equator to the subtropics.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=wp04&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/wp04/wp04&maxhits=200&="A42B" (1644 words)

	Cattle Network - Connecting The Beef Industry Worldwide
		Those projections are driven primarily by their forecasts of the seasonal Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index, which measures the collective intensity and duration of all tropical named storms and hurricanes in the
		The first model is based on the forecast Atlantic basin ACE index, while the second model uses the predicted number of Atlantic tropical cyclones.
		Also, NOAA forecasts Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, but does not attempt to predict how many of those storms will reach the Gulf of Mexico, much less where exactly they might strike the coastline.
	www.cattlenetwork.com /content.asp?contentid=43010 (1143 words)

	Read
		Since 1995, ominous temperature and wind patterns have foreshadowed a particularly long run of bad weather.
		A seasonal hurricane forecast typically includes predictions for tropical storms, hurricanes, intense hurricanes, and ACE ("accumulated cyclone energy").
		In a tropical storm, winds measure between 33 and 63 knots; hurricanes reach speeds between 63 and 95 knots, and intense hurricanes swirl at more than 95 knots.
	www.slate.com /toolbar.aspx?action=read&id=2120556 (529 words)

	Cyclone Records on The Skateboard Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Part of The Galveston Cyclone series (Edison films catalog): At the first news of the disaster by cyclone and tidal wave that devastated Galveston on...
		Tropical cyclone "genesis" involves a complicated sequence of atmospheric...
		Figure 1 shows the accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), which is very similar to...
	www.skateboarddirectory.com /srch/?qt=Cyclone_Records (623 words)

	- toledoblade.com - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Called the accumulated Cyclone Energy Index, it takes into account the number of storms that develop, their wind strength, and how long they last.
		The storms move west, and intensify as they pick up energy from warm, tropical ocean waters.
		Studies do hint that global warming can supply the heat and energy to make strong hurricanes even stronger, creating monster storms such as Ivan in September and Isabel in 2003.
	www.toledoblade.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20041003/NEWS12/410030383/-1/NEWS (1469 words)

	2004 U.S. Hurricane Season Among Worst on Record (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Meteorologists have devised several formulas for calculating the energy produced by hurricanes during a season.
		The National Hurricane Center uses a method called the Accumulated Cyclone Energy Index (ACEI) to calculate a season's activity.
		That season produced eight major hurricanes and had an Accumulated Cyclone Energy Index rating of 270, the highest on record.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2004/11/1130_041130_florida_hurricanes_2004.html (476 words)

	JYI.org :: Tropical Storm Zeta Breaks Records (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Besides adding to the busiest hurricane season on record, Zeta made the 2005 season the most active, topping the previous record-holding season of 1950.
		The activity of a hurricane season is calculated with an index called accumulated cyclone energy.
		The strength and duration of storms are key factors of the index, which is considered a better gauge of tropical activity than just the number of storms that occur.
	www.jyi.org /articletools/print.php?id=653 (301 words)

	Wetsand.com : State or our Surf Summer 2006
		As mentioned in recent articles (here and here) this may very well be due to global warming effects, yet this is still under investigation.
		Combine this with a very active ice cap--where so far this year more storms than normal have been spinning off this icy realm--and we have a good chance to see quite a few southern hemi SW swells, yet nothing that would traverse so well to the north that double overhead becomes the norm.
		In techy terms, the ACE index is a wind energy index, defined as the sum of the squares of the maximum sustained surface wind speed measured every six hours for all named systems while they are at least tropical storm strength.
	www.wavecast.com /greenroom/state_of_surf_summer_2006.shtml (2633 words)

	More hurricanes? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Atlantic hurricanes (the ones that come ashore in the south and southeast US) are suppressed in years when an El Nino is active in the tropical Pacific Ocean.
		Trenberth provides statistics on a measure of regional storm activity, accumulated cyclone energy (ACE), over the past 50 years and finds that for the decade of 1995-2004 ACE has been above normal every year except the two El Nino years (1997 and 2002).
		During this period there were 13.6 topical storms, 7.8 hurricanes, and 3.8 major hurricanes per year, compared to 8.6, 5.0, and 1.5 per year, respectively, for the preceding 25-year period.
	www.geology.iastate.edu /gccourse/ocean/more.html (195 words)

	Short-Term Energy Outlook - U.S. Dept of Energy Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Hurricanes Katrina and Rita were particularly damaging to the energy industry, causing widespread shut-in of production.
		The NOAA projections are primarily driven by their forecast of the seasonal Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index, which measures the collective intensity and duration of all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic.
		For 2006, NOAA expects the seasonal Atlantic ACE index to range from 118 to 179 (135 to 205 percent of its normal level).
	communitydispatch.com /artman/publish/article_5189.shtml (995 words)

	Political Animal: Comment on Katrina and Global Warming
		Nuclear energy is on the agenda again, and we've just signed a massive agreement with China to supply them with uranium (again, we have the largest supplies in the world).
		Note that records are considered complete back to 1944 when systematic aircraft reconnaissance began for both tropical cyclones and disturbances that had the potential to develop into tropical cyclones.
		Sea surface temperatures are the chief energy source for hurricanes, but other factors contribute to or limit their formation.
	www.washingtonmonthly.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=8689 (14831 words)

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