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Topic: Accumulator (computing)

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Probert Encyclopaedia: Science & Technology (Ac) In computing, the accumulator is a hardware register in the CPU used to receive the results of operations performed by the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). In computing, an access arm or actuator arm, is a mechanical arm that moves the read/write head across the surface of a disk in a manner similar to a tone arm on a record player. In computing, an account is a login name and a password, perhaps a personal directory (certainly on a Unix system) and perhaps a shell (certainly on a Unix system) and perhaps personal settings for a graphical (window) environment. www.probertencyclopaedia.com /SAA.HTM   (2619 words)

The Fetch-Execute Cycle Now the computer adds the number 40 in the memory buffer register with the number in the accumulator. If the X register now contains 0, then the carry flag is set (to indicate that there was an overflow) and the zero flag is set (to indicate that the result of the calculation was 0). For instance, there is a zero flag (which is set to true if the last calculation produced a zero), a carry flag (true if the last calculation produced a carry out i.e. richardbowles.tripod.com /durham/comparch/fetchex.htm   (2476 words)

NIST: Physics Laboratory's - Quantum Information The figure shows memory qubits in a quantum register and an accumulator where the qubits in the quantum register can be moved together to undergo quantum operations. The starting point for quantum information at NIST was in 1995 when the Ion Storage Group demonstrated the first quantum-logic gate. This effort entitled A Scalable Quantum Information Network is led by Carl Williams and includes representatives of the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, the Information Technology Laboratory, and the Physics Laboratory. qubit.nist.gov   (2476 words)

Preliminary discussion of the logical design of an electronic computing instrument Transferring the number to the Selectron via the accumulator is also desirable if the dual machine method of checking is employed, for it means that even if numbers are only checked in their transit through the accumulator, nevertheless every number going into the Selectron is checked before being placed there. This tube is also planned to have a non-amplitude-sensitive switching system whereby the electron beam can be directed to a given spot on the plate within a quite small fraction of a millisecond. Inasmuch as the storage tube is the key component of the machine envisaged in this report we are extremely fortunate in having secured the cooperation of the RCA group in this as well as in various other developments. www.cs.unc.edu /~adyilie/comp265/vonNeumann.html   (2476 words)

The Modern History of Computing In most real machines the process just described would be done by three separate orders, the first bringing [H11] (=content of H11) to a central accumulator, the second adding [H13] into the accumulator, and the third sending the result to H27; thus only one address would be required in each order. The earliest computing machines in wide use were not digital but analog. The term computing machine, used increasingly from the 1920s, refers to any machine that does the work of a human computer, i.e. plato.stanford.edu /entries/computing-history   (2476 words)

register - OneLook Dictionary Search Phrases that include register: federal register, lloyd's register, accumulator register, check register, home location register, more... register : Dictionary of Computing and Digital Media [home, info] register : Free On-line Dictionary of Computing [home, info] www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=register   (615 words)

01Glossary An accumulator is a certain type of register in a computer's processor that is used to store the results of an operation performed by the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU). The Apple line and especially the Apple Macintosh set new directions for home computing and helped skyrocket the interest in the home computing arena. It could be connected to a TV or video monitor, and could display a screen 22 characters by 23 lines long. www.computermuseum.li /Testpage/01HISTORYCD-Glossary.htm   (615 words)

Electronic Computers Within The Ordnance Corps, ENIAC The ENIAC was constructed at the Moore School component by component, beginning with the cycling unit and an accumulator in June 1944. In applying the ENIAC to a particular computation it was first necessary to break down the work into a number of basic computing sequences, the ordering of which was controlled by the master programmer. The ENIAC was built primarily for integration of the equations of external ballistics by a step-by-step process, but it was flexible enough to be applied to a wide range of large-scale computations other than numerical integration of differential equations. ftp.arl.mil /~mike/comphist/61ordnance/chap2.html   (4684 words)

A Chronology of Digital Computing Machines (to 1952) For example, connecting certain sockets would cause accumulator 1 to transmit its contents onto data bus 1 when a pulse arrived on program line 1; meanwhile several accumulators could be adding the value from that data bus to their stored value, while others could be working independently. Each accum- ulator stores a 10-digit number, using 10 bits to represent each digit, plus a sign bit, and also incorporates circuits to add a number from a bus ("digit trunk") to the stored number, and to transmit the stored number or its complement to a bus. Freddie C. Williams (1911-77) and Thomas Kilburn (1921-), working under Newman at Manchester University, complete a new type of digital memory (possibly from an original suggestion by Presper Eckert), which comes to be called the Williams tube or CRT memory. www.davros.org /misc/chronology.html   (4684 words)

Fernando J Corbató Initially the basic system chosen was the newly marketed GE 635.This computer was similar to the IBM 7094's which Project MAC and Bell-Labs already had experience with, both machines had the same 36-bit word, accumulator, quotient register, index registers. The Multics system was developed as part of M.I.T's Project MAC (Multiple Access Computing), the system was a collaborative effort between M.I.T., G.E's Large Computer Products Division and Bell Telephone Laboratories. Due to the significant changes in hardware (The GE 635 became the GE 645) which were needed to implement some of the advanced features which Multics would incorporate there were no assemblers or compilers for the machine available. www.benmeadowcroft.com /reports/corbato   (4150 words)

Patent 4202039: Specialized microprocessor for computing the sum of products of two complex operands The products are obtained through the use of the well-known multiplication algorithm by performing successive additions and shifts of partial products in a 32-bit accumulator consisting of the left and right accumulators LAC 1 and RAC 1 connected in series. The present invention overcomes these difficulties by providing a specialized microprocessor capable of computing the sums of products of two complex operands wherein the real and imaginary parts of the product of the two complex operands are simultaneously computed in a multiplication and accumulation unit. A specialized processor capable of computing a sum of products S=.SIGMA..+-.Pi where every product Pi is the product of two n-bit complex operands Ai+j Bi, the multiplier, and Ci+j Di, the multiplicand, where j=.sqroot.-1. www.freepatentsonline.com /4202039.html   (4150 words)

A Chronology of Digital Computing Machines (to 1952) (There are others on the machine, but less densely used: one contains only an accumulator.) The machine's programs are initially entered in binary on a keyboard, and the output is read in binary from the face of another Williams tube. An innovative feature is that, for greater reliability, numbers are represented in a biquinary format using 7 relays for each digit, of which exactly 2 should be "on": 01 00001 for 0, 01 00010 for 1, and so on up to 10 10000 for 9. Numbers are represented in "plus 3 BCD"; that is, for each decimal digit, 0 is represented by binary 0011, 1 by 0100, and so on up to 1100 for 9; this scheme requires fewer relays than straight BCD. www.davros.org /misc/chronology.html   (4150 words)

Weights and measures approved retail price computing scales The transaction accumulator (provides customer with total for multiple items) is a unique feature typically not found in price computing scales, but is available with the SF/SG Series. The SF-KC is the only retail price computing scale with this recharging circuit. To recall the unit price from memory just price the desired PLU key. www.scalenet.com /and/industrialscales/food-deli/sf.html   (4150 words)

Fast and Accurate Floating Point Summation with Application to (ResearchIndex) Abstract: We present several simple algorithms for accurately computing the sum of n oating point numbers using a wider accumulator. 1 Computer Science Division Technical Report UCBCSD (context) - Hida, point et al. Computational Geometry James Demmel Computer Science Division and Mathematics... citeseer.lcs.mit.edu /675648.html   (4150 words)

Min-Max Principle and Alpha-Beta Pruning Alpha-beta pruning can be expressed in terms of the min-max algorithm using a special kind of accumulator. In computing the min/max value of a game tree node, we can skip ("prune") the evaluation of some of the children nodes using what is known as alpha-beta pruning. Let beta be an upper bound for the value of a min node B, and let C be a child node of B. www.owlnet.rice.edu /~comp212/02-fall/lectures/38   (1176 words)

A Chronology of Digital Computing Machines (to 1952) For example, connecting certain sockets would cause accumulator 1 to transmit its contents onto data bus 1 when a pulse arrived on program line 1; meanwhile several accumulators could be adding the value from that data bus to their stored value, while others could be working independently. It reads data optically at 2,000 characters per second from 2 closed loops of paper tape, each typically about 1,000 characters long. There would also be a form of microcoding: the meaning of instructions would depend on the positioning of metal studs in a slotted barrel, called the "control barrel". www.davros.org /misc/chronology.html   (1176 words)

EarlyBritish-App.html On Mercury, index-register (B-line) arithmetic was faster than main accumulator arithmetic. Campbell-Kelly, M. A series of papers on early British programming systems (EDSAC, Manchester Mark I, etc.) to appear in the Annals of the History of Computing, a quarterly journal published by the American Federation of Information Processing Societies. A contemporary performance evaluation rated the Ferranti Mark I at about the same usable speed as the NPL Pilot ACE, even though the latter had a digit period shorter by ten times. ed-thelen.org /comp-hist/EarlyBritish-App.html   (1176 words)

MADM Mk I Ptototype and Kilburn's Highest Factor Routine The answers can be found in an article titled "Early Programs on the Manchester Mark I Prototype" which appeared in the July - September 1998 issue of the IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. For example to add two numbers, C := A + B, on the Mark I Prototype, you had to load negative A into the Accumulator, subtract B, then negate the answer by storing it at C, doing a load negative then storing it back to C. That is C := - ((-A) - B). The design and implementation of the Manchester Mark I Prototype was primarily due to two men, Fredric C. Williams and Tom Kilburn. www.wittenberg.edu /academics/mathcomp/bjsdir/madmmk1.shtml   (3052 words)

A Programmable Base MDLNS MAC with Self-Generated Look-Up Table This paper presents an new architecture for a programmable second base multi-dimensional Logarithmic Number System (MDLNS) Multiply Accumulator Cell (MAC) using DRAM to store the conversion look-up table (LUT). This results not only in a considerable reduction of DRAM size, but also in the elimination of adders normally required for computing non-binary exponents in a data filtering channel. Archive Page >> Table of Contents >> Abstract dx.doi.org /10.1109/IWSOC.2004.14   (3052 words)

History of computing Antiquity : 1672 - 1769 Leibnitz is the first to use an accumulator (memory alike mechanism). Leibnitz was also taking to the theosophical approach for the binary arithmetic in a way not taken well by many scientists Leibnitz designs the machine on the principle, or purpose, to mechanize the calculations on trigonometric and astronomical tables. www.thocp.net /timeline/1672.htm   (2191 words)

3.text Further on we refer to this algorithm by the notation z = round to staggered(accu) where z is a staggered number and accu is a long accumulator. Unfortunately, the Arnoldi algorithm is expensive in memory and computing time since we need access to all m previous basis vectors and have to perform O(nnz + nm) operations in the mth iteration. That are the scalar variables in various Krylov algorithms (ff and fi) which conflict with scalar coe?cients in the (Bi-)Lanczos algorithm. www.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de /vvv/2000/mathematik/3/3.text   (2191 words)

Lecture 2: Instruction Set Architectures and Compilers The x86 architecture is based on an ancient instruction set that had some aspects of accumulator architecture; it is classifed as a special-purpose register machine. Complex Instruction Computing (CISC) architectures are usually register-memory architectures. The ISA specifies a binary encoding of instructions. camino.rutgers.edu /cs505/lecture2.html   (1505 words)

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