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Topic: Acetate discs

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	Ch34
		Disc and cylinder recordings are machine readable artifacts; they are documents whose physical well being is essential to preserve the integrity of the information that they contain.
		Acetate discs showing signs of palmitic acid deposits (a white, greasy substance on the disc surface) should be cleaned the same way as vinyl discs.
		Acetate discs decompose continuously and, over a period of time, react with water vapour or oxygen to produce acids that in turn act as catalysts for several other chemical reactions.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/ramp/html/r9704e/r9704e10.htm (4057 words)

	Acetate disc - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In sound recording, an acetate disc (or lacquer in the United States) is an audio disc used in the production of a gramophone record (for example, a LP record).
		Listening to the acetate disc may prompt an engineer to adjust the recording, ensuring optimal audio transfer to the masterdisc.
		Acetate discs were also used for making copies of recording sessions allowing musicians to take a copy home, before the widespread use of 1/4" reel-to-reel magnetic tapes and later cassettes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Acetate_disc (403 words)

	Music Division - National Library of Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Remove grooved discs from the jacket (with the inner sleeve) by bowing the jacket open by holding it against the body and applying a slight pressure with a hand.
		To hold a disc, place the thumb on the edge of the disc, and the rest of the fingers of the same hand on the centre label for balance.
		Acetate discs decompose continuously, and over time react with water vapour or oxygen to produce acids that in turn act as catalysts for several other chemical reactions.
	www.collectionscanada.ca /6/28/s28-1019-e.html (2631 words)

	History Of Vinyl
		The chemical makeup of these discs, therefore, had to be a compromise between ease of engraving and the quality of the recording that resulted.
		ince the 1930s, most blank acetate discs have been manufactured with a base, usually aluminum (although glass was used during the war years and cardboard for inexpensive home recordings), that was coated with nitrocellulose lacquer plasticized with castor oil.
		Grooved discs are best cleaned using a record cleaning machine such as the Keith Monks, VPI or Nitty Gritty, using 0.25 part of Tergitol 15-S-3 and 0.25 parts of Tergitol 15-S-9 per 100 parts of distilled water.
	home.intekom.com /restore/History_Of_Vinyl.html (6750 words)

	2001-10R: Definition of Additional Codes in Field 007/10 (Type of material) for Sound Recordings in the MARC 21 ...
		Many of these discs are acetate on paper and are prone to water and humidity damage.
		Acetate - The material onto which the sound signal carrier has been applied is an acetate tape with a ferrous oxide coating.
		Early discs were made of wax, aluminum, acetate, or shellac.
	www.loc.gov /marc/marbi/2001/2001-10R.html (1518 words)

	Formats - CBC Archives Virtual Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Recordings were made by carving a groove in the acetate with a needle; a tiny vacuum was mounted on the end of needle arm to remove the acetate residue.
		Very durable, discs were usually recorded at one of two speeds - 33- or 78-rpms - and could be engraved either from the outside in or the inside out (a small icon on the disc indicates which direction was used).
		Acetate tape was first introduced for recording in the 1950s.
	archives.cbc.ca /info/281g_en4.shtml (515 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		All other kinds of instantaneous disc should be accorded a high priority for transfer because of uncertainty about their stability (and because of their unique content).
		Acetate tapes can be identified by their brand and type (list forthcoming from the IASA TC), but also by relative simple investigation.
		Aged acetate tapes can also be identified by their warped edges or polygonal appearance when hanging down from a reel.
	www.iasa-web.org /content/tech_selection.htm (3752 words)

	The Acetate Animal Hunt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Use the entire floor area of the classroom as a habitat for a population of acetate "animals." These "animals" are all of the same species.
		The variation in the color of the discs representing the "animals" is due to different genetic inheritance.
		When the time is up, reassemble and count the total number of acetate discs found by all members of the class.
	www.iit.edu /~smile/bi8703.html (448 words)

	The Care and Handling of Recorded Sound Materials
		Since the 1930s, most acetate discs have been manufactured with a base, usually aluminium (although glass was used during the war years and cardboard for inexpensive home recordings), that was coated with nitrocellulose lacquer plasticized with castor oil.
		Vinyl discs are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a small percentage (usually less than 25 percent) of "fillers", stabilizer, pigment, anti-static substances, etc. Internal plasticization, through a copolymerizing of vinyl acetate with vinyl chloride, is needed to achieve the required properties for the desired application.
		The average shellac content in a shellac disc is approximately 19 percent with the remaining 81% composed of aggregates.
	www.clir.org /pubs/reports/child/sound.html (5791 words)

	Irish Folklore: Audio & Video; acetate disks and wire recordings
		In 1948, an acetate disc-cutting machine was purchased by the Irish Folklore Commission for the purpose of creating quality sound-recordings of folklore materials, particularly oral narrative.
		As a result 1,160 sixteen-inch and 2,330 twelve-inch discs of recordings were made between 1948 and 1952, many of them in the field.
		A Webster wire recorder was used briefly in the early 1950s by the folklore collectors, but the resulting sound quality was found to be unsatisfactory.
	www.ucd.ie /folklore/english_html/acetate.htm (102 words)

	Andy Lanset - Full Sound Preservation Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Restoration of a disc or tape is key to an accurate reproduction of the original material.
		Acetate discs, for example, are notorious for exhibiting a greasy white overcoat that signals a breakdown in the nitrocellulose acetate and requires a cleaning that also replenishes some of the elements that have leached out of the disc in the aging process.
		In another instance, tape suffering from a breakdown of the binder that holds the oxide particles to the paper, acetate or polyester tape backing may squeal mercilessly as it passes over the metal tape guides and heads of the playback recorder, leaving a sticky residue.
	members.aol.com /alanset/restore.html (300 words)

	etchings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sound recordings of the installation space, played through a razor blade, are inscribed into acetate discs spinning on a turntable.
		The playback of the disc through the record needle is recorded and then mixed through 10 speakers distributed throughout the second and third floors of the Davenport Campus Center.
		The acetate discs are displayed in along with the sound sources.
	www.artic.edu /~dstcl/pages/etchings.html (69 words)

	Cutting Archives
		All grooved discs (78s, 45s, LPs, Audograph and acetate discs) should be handled with gloves preferably by the center of the disc and label areas only.
		Discs should be stored in Medium-Term Storage and storage rooms should be kept at a constant 65 to 70° F and 45 to 50% Relative Humidity (RH), as widely fluctuating temperatures or RH can severely shorten the life span of recordings.
		Discs recordings should be kept away from light, especially sunlight and unshielded fluorescent lights.
	www.cuttingarchives.com /recording.htm (139 words)

	Rediscovering the Remnants of Yiddish Radio: History of Yiddish Radio
		They were transcriptions: single-cut, acetate-coated aluminum discs the stations were required to have on hand in case the Federal Radio Commission showed up with a complaint.
		The vast majority of these discs were melted down during World War II scrap metal drives or simply disappeared over the decades.
		The thousand-plus discs Sapoznik succeeded in rescuing were found mostly in attics, storerooms, and dumpsters.
	www.yiddishradioproject.org /exhibits/history/history.php3?pg=2 (355 words)

	acetate1
		Audiodisc, made by Audio Devices Inc. They offered yellow, blue and red label discs as well as fiber base discs and slightly larger than standard diameter mastering blanks which were used for recordings that were used to dub off additional copies.
		During World War II aluminum was being sent for the war effort and disc makers tried to meet demand with steel base discs.
		Richelain provided an economy line of 6 inch cardboard base discs, and the Rock-Ola is a mastering disc made of thicker aluminum, 11 inches in diameter with a green additional rim around the outside edge to facilitate clamping to a machine from which copies would be dubbed.
	www.uslink.net /~hepcats/acetate1.html (603 words)

	5. Mechanical Carriers
		Unfortunately, the largest group of these instantaneous discs, the "acetate discs", are at the greatest risk.
		These discs are laminates consisting of a core plate, usually of aluminium but plates of glass, steel and card are also known, with a lacquer coating of nitrate or acetate cellulose which is soft enough to be cut by a recording machine, but hard enough to withstand several replays.
		While shellac and vinyl discs are less prone to hydrolytic instability, most kinds of instantaneous discs are extremely endangered by hydrolysis.
	www.unesco.org /webworld/mdm/administ/en/guide/guide007.htm (1069 words)

	WNYC - About WNYC Preservation and Archive Process
		Discs and cylinders have grooves of varying size; tape formats also have variables of speed, track configuration and tape thickness.
		Acetate discs, for example, are notorious for exhibiting a greasy white overcoat that signals a breakdown in the nitrocellulose acetate and requires a cleaning.
		Tape suffering from a breakdown of the binder that holds the oxide particles to the paper, acetate or polyester tape backing may squeal mercilessly as it passes over the metal tape guides and heads of the playback recorder, leaving a sticky residue.
	www.wnyc.org /about/preservation/index.html (1127 words)

	Equipment - CBC Archives Virtual Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is equipped with a microscope and a tiny vacuum designed to remove the thin strip of acetate cut from the discs during recording.
		It will also allow for the playing of the discs from the centre of the disc to the outer edge.
		There's one more catch: unlike newer records, some of these discs were recorded to play from the inside out.
	archives.cbc.ca /info/281g_en5.shtml (313 words)

	Inventory of the Highlander Research and Education Center Collection, 1937-1948 and undated
		The collection of acetate and transcription discs from the Highlander Research and Education Center near Knoxville, Tenn. (formerly the Highland Folk School in Monteagle, Tenn.) documents the struggle for justice through political and social activism.
		Electrical transcription discs contain a variety of radio programs on issues related to the work at the Highlander Folk School (e.g., the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) worked closely with the Highlander Folk School on labor issues and is represented in the transcription disc collection).
		Acetate discs consist of radio programs, recorded songs, and voices of leaders from the civil rights movement, including Esau Jenkins, Septima Clark, Rosa Parks, Miles Horton, and Zilphia Horton.
	www.lib.unc.edu /mss/inv/htm/20361.html (1834 words)

	2001-10: Definition of Addition Codes in Field 007/10 for Sound Recordings
		Because the current descriptions in field 007/10 do not accurately or fully describe the materials used, it is proposed that 007/10 be updated and expanded to include codes for additional materials used in the manufacture of sound recordings in the Twentieth Century.
		Prior to the establishment of codes g (Glass with lacquer), i (Aluminum with lacquer) and r (Paper with lacquer or ferrous oxide), all lacquered-coated discs were coded a (Unknown with lacquer).
		Code r indicates that the item is a paper disc with a lacquer coating or a paper tape with a ferrous oxide coating.
	www.loc.gov /marc/marbi/2001/2001-10.html (1358 words)

	Transfer your LP albums, 78's, tapes, wire recordings, and more to CD.
		The earliest disc recordings were recorded without electricity, with the musicians in front of a large horn, and the "brute force" of the sound pressure cutting the groove.
		Popular in the 1940's and 1950's were the so-called "acetate" discs, replacing the previous method of making records at home, which was cylinders.
		They were made to be cheap and disposable, and 60 years later, these discs present many challenges to the restorationist, such as shrinkage, delamination, alligator surface, and so on.
	www.deepskyaudio.com /restore.htm (464 words)

	The Complete Benedetti Recordings of Charlie Parker (#129)
		When flat discs were introduced (as a manufacturing and storage boon, not as an audio improvement), the problem of torque emerged for both recording and playback.
		If a disc is played the common way, then the worst that can happen to an unattended disc in play is that the needle will nuzzle up side-to-side with the center pole though not blunt its point.
		This resulted in another disc cutter being introduced, a machine that was used to record the end of Sunday night March 2, 1947 on 12" 78 RPM acetate discs, the only discs of this diameter in the Benedetti holdings.
	www.mosaicrecords.com /discography.asp?number=129-MD-CD (9296 words)

	Restoring the Discs: History of Yiddish Radio
		Even under the best storage conditions, acetate discs are notorious for exuding a greasy white film, the most apparent sign of nitrocellulose acetate decomposition.
		Sometimes, the acetate's hold on the aluminum disc becomes so fragile that the acetate coating lifts off as it is being played.
		After transfer, each acetate disc was given a fresh acid-free sleeve and reshelved in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment.
	www.yiddishradioproject.org /exhibits/history/history.php3?pg=3 (368 words)

	Music Electrically Transcribed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Radio networks were in their infancy, and programs could be sent via discs to individual radio stations in all parts of the country to be played at optimum times for the local markets.
		The discs were filed according to the type of music on the disc.
		Most of the transcriptions tracked from the outside edge to the center of the disc; but there were some which tracked from the center to the outside.
	otrsite.com /articles/artwb006.html (1888 words)

	Marston - Rosa Ponselle
		The quality of sound on these discs was not as high as a commercial recording but was quite remarkable for the time, and by 1934, musical artists were beginning to request radio stations to provide them with recordings of their broadcasts.
		This type of disc was soon replaced by an improved aluminum disc coated with acetate, which was capable of capturing much higher frequencies.
		Owing to the novelty of these recordings, most were completely ruined by repeated playback with blunt needles, and relatively few broadcasts from this early period exist in listenable sound.
	www.marstonrecords.com /ponselle2/ponselle2_ward.htm (537 words)

	BIRD LIVES! THE BIRTH OF BEBOP CAPTURED ON DISC - The Cyber Boxing Zone Message Board
		The trove consisted of seven 12-inch acetate discs, on which was recorded a 40-minute concert by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker at Town Hall in New York on June 22, 1945.
		The acetates were brought to light by Uptown's proprietor, Dr. Robert E. Sunenblick, an internal physician who splits his practice between Montreal and Plattsburgh, N.Y. - and splits his life between seeing patients in the afternoons and running a one-man record company in the mornings and at night.
		A disc jockey in Pittsburgh, another acquaintance from the used-records circuit, told him about a trumpeter named Danny Conn, who had played in a local nightclub with Dodo Marmarosa - a brilliant pianist who in the 1940's had accompanied every jazz giant who came to Los Angeles.
	www.cyberboxingzone.com /cbzforum/showthread.php?t=1031 (1213 words)

	Violin Concerto played by Albert Sammons
		A private recording of this broadcast was made, from which an unknown but very limited number of copies were later created, all on 78 rpm acetate discs.
		The discs are in quite reasonable playing condition given their delicate nature and age; it is not known how many times they might have been actually played.
		The four Moeran discs were somewhat dirty, and despite careful cleaning the original sound quality was less than perfect.
	www.moeran.com /sammons.html (426 words)

	Cleaning vinyl records: the laughing papillon
		Handle all grooved discs (78s, 45s, LPs, and acetate discs) by their edge and label areas only.
		We analyzed the white deposits commonly found on acetate discs and determined that they consist of fatty acids which are formed as a result of degradation of the plasticizers that were introduced in their manufacture.
		Concludes that such a disc almost as good after 200 plays as when new, but that a dirty, neglected disk may be badly damaged in less than twenty plays.
	www.thelaughingpapillon.com /cleanvinyl.php (2692 words)

	WhiteHouseTapes.org: About the Truman Tapes
		Originally, the sound scribed acetate film was duplicated by the National Archives onto sixteen 16-inch disks in 1947 and the original film was then destroyed.
		The discs, containing both Roosevelt’s and Truman’s recordings, were sent to the Roosevelt Library.
		Eventually, ten of the discs were then sent to the Truman Library in 1973 after it was determined that they were recordings of Truman’s voice.
	www.whitehousetapes.org /pages/tapes_hst.htm (774 words)

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