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Topic: Acetobacter

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Acetobacteraceae

Acetic acid

Weak acid

PKa

Acidity constant

Carbon

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Strong acid

Carbon monoxide

Proteobacteria

Rickettsia

Stop bath

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Lactobacillus bulgaricus

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	Acetobacter aceti Final Risk Assessment \| Biotechnology Program Under Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) \| US EPA
		Acetobacter aceti is a benign microorganism that is ubiquitous in the environment, existing in alcoholic ecological niches such as flowers, fruits, honey bees, as well as in water and soil.
		Acetobacter aceti is a Gram negative bacterium which is motile by peritrichous flagella.
		Acetobacter aceti is ubiquitous in the environment occupying alcoholic niches such as flowers, fruits, honeybees, as well as soil and water.
	www.epa.gov /oppt/biotech/pubs/fra/fra001.htm (3878 words)

	Acetobacter - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Acetobacter is a genus of acetic acid bacteria characterized by the ability to convert alcohol (ethanol) to acetic acid in the presence of air.
		The growth of Acetobacter in wine can be suppressed through effective sanitation, by complete exclusion of air from wine in storage, and by the use of moderate amounts of sulfur dioxide in the wine as a preservative.
		Acetobacter can be easily distinguished in the laboratory by their growth of colonies on a medium containing about 7% ethanol, and enough calcium carbonate to render the medium partially opaque.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Acetobacter (225 words)

	ACETOBACTER
		Acetobacter is a genus of bacteria characterized by the ability to convert alcohol (ethanol) to acetic acid in the presence of air.
		Acetobacter are of particular importance commercially, because a) acetobacter are used in the production of vinegar (intentionally converting the ethanol in the wine to acetic acid), and because b) acetobacter can destroy wine which it infects by producing excessive amounts of acetic acid or ethyl acetate, both of which can render the wine unpalatable.
		Acetobacter can be easily distinguished in the laboratory by their growth of colonies on a medium containing about 7% ethanol, and enough calcium carbonate to render the medium partially opaque.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/english/Ac/Acetobacter.html (475 words)

	Wikinfo \| Acetobacter
		Acetobacter is a genus of bacteria characterized by the ability to convert alcohol (ethanol) to acetic acid in the presence of air.
		Acetobacter are of particular importance commercially, because a) acetobacter are used in the production of vinegar (intentionally converting the ethanol in the wine to acetic acid), and because b) acetobacter can destroy wine which it infects by producing excessive amounts of acetic acid or ethyl acetate, both of which can render the wine unpalatable.
		The growth of acetobacter in wine can be supressed through effective sanitation, by complete exclusion of air from wine in storage, and by the use of moderate amounts of sulfur dioxide in the wine as a preservative.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Acetobacter (275 words)

	Acetobacter
		Acetobacter Beijerinck 1898) aceti (Pasteur 1864) Beijerinck 1898, comb.
		Gluconoacetobacter Yamada and Kondo 1985) liquefaciens (Asai 1935) Yamada and Kondo 1985, comb.
		1925, "Acetobacter xylinoides" (Henneberg 1906) Shimwell 1948, "Acetobacter xylinum var.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /a/acetobacter.html (3947 words)

	Acetobacter - MicrobeWiki
		Acetobacter aceti; Acetobacter syzygii; Acetobacter tropicalis; Acetobacter sp.
		Acetobacter is an obligatory aerobic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that is known for producing acid as a result of metabolic processes.
		Acetobacter bacteria can be found in symbiotic relationships with many different plants, such as sugarcane and coffee plants, as well as in fermenting vinegar.
	microbewiki.kenyon.edu /index.php/Acetobacter (615 words)

	Acetobacter (subgen. Acetobacter)
		Acetobacter Beijerinck 1898) aceti (Pasteur 1864) Beijerinck 1898.
		Acetobacter Beijerinck 1898) is automatically created by the valid publication of the subgenus ¤ Acetobacter (subgen.
		1947, "Acetobacter lafarianum" (sic) Janke 1950, "Acetobacter aceti var.
	www.bacterio.cict.fr /a/acetobacteraceto.html (390 words)

	Atomic-resolution crystal structure of thioredoxin from the acidophilic bacterium Acetobacter aceti -- Starks et al. 16 ...
		Atomic-resolution crystal structure of thioredoxin from the acidophilic bacterium Acetobacter aceti -- Starks et al.
		Atomic-resolution crystal structure of thioredoxin from the acidophilic bacterium Acetobacter aceti
		The crystal structure of thioredoxin (AaTrx) from the acetic
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/abstract/16/1/92 (204 words)

	Acetobacter pasteurianus
		Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to make various types of vinegars.
		Alcohol is first formed by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and the ‘must’ is then inoculated with acetic acid bacteria (Acetobacter pasteurianus).
		Acetobacter pasteurianus is found in the environment inhabiting fruits and vegetables.
	www.thelabrat.com /restriction/sources/Acetobacterpasteurianus.shtml (66 words)

	Acetobacter xylinum
		Acetobacter xylinum is a gram negative bacterium and is unique in its prolific synthesis of cellulose.
		Acetobacter is the model system for study of the enzymes and genes involved in cellulose biosynthesis.
		The organism also promises to be an important future source for cellulose in the textile, paper, and lumber industries, provided its fermentation can be effectively scaled up.
	www.botany.utexas.edu /facstaff/facpages/mbrown/aceto.htm (104 words)

	Acetobacter aceti
		Acetobacter aceti is a common contaminant in all industrial fermentation facilities and is responsible for generating turbidity, ropiness, discoloration, and off-flavors in beer.
		Acetobacter aceti is ubiquitous in the environment, wherever sugar fermentation is occurring.
		Acetobacter aceti has not been reported as a human pathogen.
	www.thelabrat.com /restriction/sources/Acetobacteraceti.shtml (82 words)

	Cytochrome a1 of Acetobacter aceti is a Cytochrome ba Functioning as Ubiquinol Oxidase -- Matsushita et al. 87 (24): ...
		Cytochrome a1 of Acetobacter aceti is a Cytochrome ba Functioning as Ubiquinol Oxidase -- Matsushita et al.
		is a classic cytochrome that in the 1930s had already been detected in Acetobacter strains and in the 1950s was identified as a terminal oxidase.
		The cytochrome was solubilized from membranes of the strain with octyl ß-D-glucopyranoside and was purified by single column chromatography.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/short/87/24/9863 (374 words)

	Acetobacter, - Vinegar Bacteria
		Cytochromes a1590, b560, c1554 and c1552 were isolated and purified from a strain of Acetobacter suboxydans.
		To the Editor: The genus Acetobacter belongs to the group of acetic acid bacteria that oxidize alcohols or sugars incompletely, leading to the accumulation
		Identification of Acetobacter strains isolated from Indonesian sources, and proposals of Acetobacter syzygii sp.
	askultra.com /?q=acetobacter (211 words)

	Libros
		Molecular characterization of the levansucrase gene from the endophytic sugarcane bacterium Acetobacter diazotrophicus SRT4.
		Influence of N fertilisation on the isolation of Acetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum spp.
		Interacction of Glomus clarum with Acetobacter diazotrophicus in infection of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), and sweet sorghum (Sorghum vulgare).
	biblioweb.dgsca.unam.mx /libros/microbios/Cap9/c9bi.html (1922 words)

	Cellulose-producing microorganism transformed with a gene for an enzyme involved in sucrose metabolism - Patent 5792630 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Acetobacter strain of claim 1, wherein the foreign gene is selected from the group consisting of a sucrose phosphorylase gene, a variant-type levan sucrase gene, a sucrose synthetase gene, a sucrose permease gene, an invertase gene, and a sucrose phosphotransferase gene.
		The Acetobacter strain of claim 1, wherein the foreign gene is a sucrose phosphorylase gene from Leuconostoc mesenteroides.
		The Acetobacter strain of claim 1, wherein the foreign gene is a sucrose synthetase gene from Vigna radiata.
	freepatentsonline.com /5792630.html (4382 words)

	Modification of cellulose normally synthesizied by cellulose-producing microorganisms - Patent 4950597
		Acetobacter xylinum (now classified under A. pasteurianus and A. hansenii in De Ley et al., 1984) is a gram negative aerobic bacterium that produces an extracellular ribbon of cellulose (Brown et al., 1976).
		Wild type Acetobacter cellulose (NQ5 strain) was used as a standard for cellulose I and rayon obtained from Unitaka Co., Japan was the standard for cellulose II.
		In Vitro synthesis of cellulose II from a cytoplasmic membrane fraction of Acetobacter xylinum.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4950597.html (9470 words)

	Dr. R. Malcolm Brown, Jr.: Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Faculty Profile
		The substrate directed the orientation of the motion due to the inverse force of the secretion during biosynthesis, and the microfibrils were aligned along the orientation of the molecular template.
		Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicates that the cyanobacterial cellulose synthases share a common branch with CesAs of vascular plants in a manner similar to the relationship observed with cyanobacterial and chloroplast 16s rRNAs, implying endosymbiotic transfer of CesA from cyanobacteria to plants and an ancient origin for cellulose synthase in eukaryotes.
		Assuming that the revised acsAB gene (Saxena et al., 1994) encoding the 83 and 93 Kd polypeptides as a single polypeptide holds true for all A. xylinum strains, it is proposed that the cellulose synthase is conserved in A. xylinum but with varying degrees of homology.
	www.biosci.utexas.edu /mgm/People/faculty/profiles/brown.htm (2471 words)

	article content
		Acetobacter strains can further oxidise acetic acid to CO and water through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (De Ley et al., 1984; Drysdale and Fleet 1989b).
		An increase in the activity of acetyl-CoA synthethase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthethase occurs in the presence of acetic acid (Saeki et al., 1997a).
		Acetobacter strains were able to significantly decrease the malic and citric acid concentrations in must (4.7 to 1.8 g/l and 230 to 147 mg/l, respectively), while the succinic acid concentration increased, especially in the must in which Gluconobacter had grown.
	www.newworldwinemaker.com /article_content.asp?id=51 (3509 words)

	The Future Prospects of Microbial Cellulose in Biomedical Applications
		Although chemically identical to plant cellulose, the cellulose synthesized by Acetobacter is characterized by a unique fibrillar nanostructure which determines its extraordinary physical and mechanical properties, characteristics which are quite promising for modern medicine and biomedical research.
		Acetobacter cells which are highly aerobic organisms tend to gather in the oxygen-rich zones near the inner wall of the silicon tube where they produce and deposit cellulose (B).
		As mentioned before, since Acetobacter is an aerobic bacteria, the cells tend to approach the well-aerated zone located near the inner surface of the container where they ultimately produce and deposit cellulose.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/sample.cgi/bomaf6/2007/8/i01/html/bm060620d.html (9340 words)

	Cornell Food Science Kombucha Study
		Acetobacter xylinum has been shown to be the primary bacterium in the colony (6).
		Glucose is used by the yeasts to yield ethanol and carbon dioxide.
		The secondary biochemical activity of Acetobacter is the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid (11).
	www.happyherbalist.com /analysis_of_kt_cornell.htm (2994 words)

	There's Vinegar In My Wine
		During the fermentation the acetobacter is not able to produce
		acetobacter is to store the wine in a container that has next to
		available to the acetobacter is to use sulfites.
	www.eckraus.com /home-wine-making-vinegar.html (1388 words)

	Vinegar Making
		This kills the acetobacter which will eventual turn the acetic acid to CO2 and water if the vinegar is exposed to oxygen (e.g.
		Continued action of the acetobacter will also form vinegar "eels" which are small trub particles which have the appearance of tiny eels when the vinegar is disturbed.
		Aeration is necessary for acetobacter to turn alcohol to acetic acid.
	hbd.org /cdp/vinegar/vinegar.htm (1939 words)

	Acid-resistant bug doesn't give in to alcohol either
		The bacterium Acetobacter aceti makes unusually acid-resistant enzymes in spades, which could make the organism a source for new enzyme products and new directions in protein chemistry.
		Kappock is a little surprised that relatively few others have studied Acetobacter, given the common and widespread nature of the organism.
		Fortunately, in the case of Acetobacter, any useful enzymes it may provide should be completely harmless, just as it is to humans (besides ruining their wine).
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-11/wuis-abd112204.php (642 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Ribitol was oxidized to L-ribulose by microbial bioconversion with Acetobacter aceti IFO 3281; L-ribulose was epimerized to L-xylulose by the enzyme D-tagatose 3-epimerase and L-lyxose was produced by isomerization of L-RI.
		L-ribose and L-arabinose were prepared biochemically from ribitol by oxidation using Acetobacter aceti IFO 3281 and isomerization using L-RI and L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI), respectively.
		Acetobacter suboxydans, in particular, can perform quantitatively very specific oxidations of this type and has been used for the preparative scale to obtain previously unknown or rare substances, i.e.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?ej01015 (4103 words)

	Food Resource [http://food.oregonstate.edu/], Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
		The aceA gene from Acetobacter xylinum was identified and cloned from a genomic DNA library.
		Genetic analysis of the acetan biosynthetic pathway in Acetobacter xylinum:Nucleotide sequence analysis of aceB, aceC, aceD and aceE genes.
		Sequence analysis of a 5.323 kb chromosomal DNA fragment from Acetobacter xylinum involved in biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide acetan, revealed the presence of four ace genes designated aceB, aceC, aceD and aceE.
	food.oregonstate.edu /ref/gum/gum_griffin.html (491 words)

	Cellulose Biosynthesis in Acetobacter xylinum: Visualization of the Site of Synthesis and Direct Measurement of the in ...
		In vivo synthesis of cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum was monitored by darkfield light microscopy.
		Cellulose is synthesized in the form of a ribbon projecting from the pole of the bacterial rod.
		The process of cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter is compared with that in eukaryotic plant cells.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/73/12/4565 (542 words)

	Acetobacter
		Acetobacter is an organism commonly found in alcoholic beverages, vinegar, cider, fruits, flowers, and even soil.
		Sampling from some of these sources should yield Acetobacter as well as many other types of bacteria.
		However, as some organisms do metabolize ethanol, the selective ingredient of Hoyer's media, various tests should be performed on the isolated colonies to determine whether or not they are Acetobacter.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~asmith/emsarapay/intro.html (81 words)

	Acetobacter isolieren (Site not responding. Last check: )
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		A bailiff acetobacter isolieren tones to The now veteran (stain of the) of Phoebus either cheek caressingly limit.
	acetobacter-isolieren.gohde.co.uk (316 words)

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