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Topic: Acetylcholine receptor

Related Topics

Ionotropic receptor

Metabotropic receptor

Acetylcholine

Muscarine

Neurotransmitter

Choline

Acetic acid

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	Acetylcholine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Acetylcholine (ACh) was first identified in 1914 by Henry Hallett Dale for its actions on heart tissue.
		Acetylcholine is synthesized in certain neurons by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase from the compounds choline and acetyl-CoA.
		Nicotinic AChRs are ionotropic receptors permeable to sodium, potassium, and chloride ions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Acetylcholine (751 words)

	Acetylcholine receptor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An acetylcholine receptor (abbreviated AChR) is an integral membrane protein that responds to the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
		Like other transmembrane receptors, acetylcholine receptors are classified according to their "pharmacology", or according to their relative affinities and sensitivities to different molecules.
		Drugs such as the neuromuscular blocking agents bind reversibly to the nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction and are used routinely in anaesthesia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Acetylcholine_receptor (359 words)

	Acetylcholine
		Acetylcholine was one of the first neurotransmitters to be discovered, (originally called "vagusschtuff" because it was found to be the substance released by stimulation of the vagus nerve that altered heart muscle contractions).
		Acetylcholine is produced by the synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase which uses acetyl coenzyme A and choline as substrates for the formation of acetylcholine.
		Acetylcholine release can be excitatory or inhibitory depending on the type of tissue and the nature of the receptor with which it interacts.
	www.neurosci.pharm.utoledo.edu /MBC3320/acetylcholine.htm (3098 words)

	Acetylcholine receptor antibody Encyclopedia Search - Drug Price Search
		Acetylcholine receptor antibody is an antibody found in the blood of people with myasthenia gravis.
		No acetylcholine receptor antibody (or less than.05 nmol) in the bloodstream is normal.
		Acetylcholine receptor antibody testing can confirm a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis for those suspected of having this disease.
	www.drug-price-search.com /encyclopedia/?encyclopedia_name_url=87&level=2 (435 words)

	Bioreagents.com: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		MA3-043 detects nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gamma and delta subunits in torpedo and the delta subunit in mouse, rat, chicken and frog.
		Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) mediate synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction.
		The muscle-type receptor is a pentameric glycoprotein of five membrane spanning subunits, (2 alpha 1’s, beta 1, gamma or epsilon and delta) which form a ligand gated ion channel.
	www.bioreagents.com /dev/index.cfm/fuseaction/products.detail/CatNbr/MA3-043 (309 words)

	ARUP: Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The use of soluble receptor measures not only antibody directed against the extracellular region of the receptor, presumably the portion involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, but intracellular determinants of the receptor not normally exposed to immunoglobulins.
		Specificities of antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in sera from myasthenia patients measured by monoclonal antibodies.
		Acetylcholine receptors from normal human muscle: concentrations, purification, and use in radioreceptor assays for autoantibodies.
	www.aruplab.com /guides/clt/tests/clt_al20.jsp (722 words)

	Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the Human M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene
		The M1 receptor is involved in many processes, including the initiation of seizures, learning and memory, and regulation of the force and rate of heart contractions.
		It is thought that stimulation of the M1 receptor would alleviate some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's by several pathways, including increased secretion of the nontoxic α-amyloid peptide and decreased secretion of the toxic β-amyloids generated from the amyloid precursor protein.
		Although the muscarinic receptors are thought to contribute to certain neurological and psychiatric disorders, no sequence variations or alleles have been found that affect susceptibility to these diseases or response to muscarinic agonists.
	www.aapspharmsci.org /view.asp?art=ps030431 (2027 words)

	Biochemistry of Neurotransmitters
		Two main classes of ACh receptors have been identified on the basis of their responsiveness to the toadstool alkaloid, muscarine, and to nicotine, respectively: the muscarinic receptors and the nicotinic receptors.
		receptors are suspected in control of food intake as mice lacking this gene become obese from increased food intake and are also subject to fatal seizures.
		receptors are present in the gastrointestinal tract and are related to vomiting.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/nerves.html (1674 words)

	acetylcholine receptor antibody (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The acetylcholine receptor antibody test is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis, a condition in which the muscles become tired and weak.
		In normal people, no acetylcholine receptor antibodies are present in the blood.
		The presence of more than.05 nM (nanomoles) of acetylcholine receptors in the blood indicates the person may have myasthenia gravis.
	www.northmemorial.com /healthencyclopedia/content/1013.asp (144 words)

	Semiconductor Devices in Measuring the Acetylcholine Receptor
		Alpha-bungarotoxin inhibits the opening of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by forming three disulfide loops in a leaf-like structure which then binds to an extended surface area that is mainly encompassed by the alpha-subunit [3].
		The number of acetylcholine at the axon hillock is normal; however, the number of acetylcholine at the post-synaptic membrane is decreased, causing a decrease at the endplate potentials in response to a nerve stimulation.
		al, paper is used in measuring the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, the noise would dominate due to the uncertainties of the resistors and capacitors.
	www.csua.berkeley.edu /~yakura/stuff/mcb165/m165a.html (2305 words)

	nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor antibody [88B] (ab2804) datasheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Detects nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gamma and delta subunits in torpedo and the delta subunit.
		If nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor antibody [88B] (ab2804) does not perform as described on this datasheet, notify us within 90 days of delivery using this form, so that we can help you or offer you a replacement or a refund.
		Association of acetylcholine receptors with peripheral membrane proteins: evidence from antibody-induced coaggregation.
	www.abcam.com /?datasheet=2804 (602 words)

	Conformation of Ligands Bound to the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor -- Furukawa et al. 62 (4): 778 -- Molecular ...
		The muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
		Lu ZL and Hulme EC (1999) The functional topography of transmembrane domain 3 of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, revealed by scanning mutagenesis.
		Lu ZL, Saldanha JW and Hulme EC (2001) Transmembrane domains 4 and 7 of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor are critical for ligand binding and the receptor activation switch.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/62/4/778 (4970 words)

	OriGene - Antibodies - Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M4
		Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4 is an Acetylcholine Receptor.
		Unlike muscarinic receptor M2, the M4 receptor is not involved in smooth muscle contraction.
		The clinical relevance of this receptor is unknown.
	www.origene.com /antibody/TA200234.aspx (182 words)

	Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Express Multiple Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subtypes -- Genzen et al. 86 (4): 1773 ...
		Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the rat and primate nucleus tractus solitarius and on rat and human inferior vagal (nodose) ganglia: evidence from in vivo microdialysis and [125I] alpha-bungarotoxin autoradiography.
		Baccaglini PI, and Cooper E. Influences on the expression of acetylcholine receptors on rat nodose neurons in cell culture.
		Diversity and distribution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the locus ceruleus neurons.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/86/4/1773 (5587 words)

	Activation of the Recombinant Human alpha 7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Significantly Raises Intracellular Free ...
		Horch, H. and Sargent, P. Perisynaptic surface distribution of multiple classes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on neurons in the chicken ciliary ganglion.
		Luetje, C. and Patrick, J.: Both alpha- and beta-subunits contribute to the agonist sensitivity of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
		Zhou, Z. and Neher, E.: Calcium permeability of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels in bovine chromaffin cells.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/280/1/428 (6102 words)

	Image Of The Week - Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some members of this family of receptors in the brain bind nicotine and are targets for the addictive activity of this drug.
		The receptor is composed of five subunits with similar amino acid sequences encircling a central channel.
		Neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine bind at two of the five subunit interfaces, gating, or opening, the channel to allow sodium ions to enter from outside the cell.
	www.sdsc.edu /IOTW/week19.96/iotw.html (240 words)

	The Effects of Isoflurane on Acetylcholine Receptor Channels: 3. Effects of Conservative Polar-to-Nonpolar Mutations ...
		Auerbach A and Akk G (1998) Desensitization of mouse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels.
		Dilger JP and Liu Y (1992) Desensitization of acetylcholine receptors in BC H-1 cells.
		Filatov GN and White MM (1995) The role of conserved leucines in the M2 domain of the acetylcholine receptor in channel gating.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/60/3/584 (5574 words)

	Mutations affecting agonist sensitivity of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor -- Tomaselli et al. 60 (3): 721 -- ...
		Mutations affecting agonist sensitivity of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor -- Tomaselli et al.
		Mutations affecting agonist sensitivity of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
		The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is a pentameric transmembrane
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/abstract/60/3/721 (877 words)

	NEJM -- Cellular immunity in myasthenia gravis. Response to purified acetylcholine receptor and autologous thymocytes
		To determine the potential importance of an immune response directed against the acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis, we studied cell-mediated immunity to receptor as measured by lymphocyte stimulation in 21 myasthenic patients and 21 controls, including five with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
		Peripheral blood lymphocytes from one of three young female myasthenic patients responded to autologous thymocytes but not to receptor; peripheral blood lymphocytes from the other two responded to receptor but not to autologous thymocytes.
		Our findings are further evidence that autoimmunity to the acetylcholine receptor plays a central part in myasthenia gravis.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/294/13/694 (232 words)

	Regulation of Acetylcholine Receptor Gene Expression in Human Myasthenia Gravis Muscles . Evidences for a Compensatory ...
		Popot, J.L., and J.P. Changeux (1984) The nicotinic receptor of acetylcholine: structure of an oligomeric integral membrane protein.
		Vincent, A. Immunology of acetylcholine receptor in relation to myasthenia gravis.
		Satyamurti (1973) Neuromuscular junction in MG: decreased acetylcholine receptor.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/102/1/249 (7222 words)

	Enhanced Inhibition of a Mutant Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by Agonists: Protection of Function by ...
		Note that nicotine is an efficacious agonist for the mutant receptor, and we have shown that the inhibitory effects of tetracaine on the mutant receptor are decreased with high levels of agonist activation (Papke et al., 2001
		Galzi JL, Revah F, Bouet F, Menez A, Goeldner M, Hirth C and Changeux JP (1991) Allosteric transitions of the acetylcholine receptor probed at the amino acid level with a photolabile cholinergic ligand.
		Wilson G and Karlin A (2001) Acetylcholine receptor channel structure in the resting, open, and desensitized states probed with the substituted-cysteine-accessibility method.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/301/2/765 (5276 words)

	Internalization of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor proceeds through an atypical pathway in HEK293 cells that ...
		Internalization of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor proceeds through an atypical pathway in HEK293 cells that is independent of clathrin and caveolae -- Roseberry and Hosey 114 (4): 739 -- Journal of Cell Science
		Internalization of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor proceeds through an atypical pathway in HEK293 cells that is independent of clathrin and caveolae
		acetylcholine receptor appears to be atypical in that it exhibits an
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/114/4/739 (658 words)

	Differences in the interaction of acetylcholine receptor antibodies with receptor from normal, denervated and ...
		Differences in the interaction of acetylcholine receptor antibodies with receptor from normal, denervated and myasthenic human muscle -- Lefvert 45 (1): 70 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
		Differences in the interaction of acetylcholine receptor antibodies with receptor from normal, denervated and myasthenic human muscle
		receptor antibodies was strongest with receptor from a patient with
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/45/1/70 (142 words)

	Characterization of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Rat Sertoli Cells -- Borges et al. 142 (11): 4701 -- ...
		Risley PL, Skrepetos CN 1964 Histochemical distribution of cholinesterases in the testis, epididymis and vas deferens of the rat.
		In: The IUPHAR compendium of receptor characterization and classification.
		muscarinic receptors in the urinary bladder of rats in vitro and in vivo.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/142/11/4701 (6583 words)

	Dr. Koop - Acetylcholine receptor antibody
		The acetylcholine receptor antibody attacks receptors for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which sends signals from nerves to muscles and from nerve to nerve in the brain.
		The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
		You should promptly seek professional medical care if you have any concern about your health, and you should always consult your physician before starting a fitness regimen.
	www.drkoop.com /ency/93/003576.html (275 words)

	A Mutational Analysis of the Acetylcholine Receptor Channel Transmitter Binding Site -- Akk et al. 76 (1): 207 -- ...
		Auerbach, A. A statistical analysis of acetylcholine receptor activation in Xenopus myocytes: stepwise vs. concerted models of gating.
		The role of conserved leucines in the M2 domain of the acetylcholine receptor in channel gating.
		The contributions of aspartyl residues in the acetylcholine receptor gamma and delta subunits to the binding of agonists and competitive antagonists.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/76/1/207 (5143 words)

	Acetylcholine Receptor Pathway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The sight, smell, and taste of food cause salivation and the stimulation of the vagus nerve to release acetylcholine.
		When acetylcholine binds to its receptor, the parietal cell's permeability to calcium ions (Ca) is altered so that the ions move into the cell.
		The intracellular increase in Ca activates the intracellular protein phosphokinases.
	www.gerd.com /intro/noframe/arp.htm (173 words)

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