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| | The Hellenic-Ionian Leagues: The First European Confederations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07) |
 | | The third century BCE became a century of confederacies, including the Ionian League; the Boetian League, dominated by Thebes; the Aetolian League, which had a strong primary assembly for the entire confederacy and involved three arenas: cities, tribal districts, and the confederacy as a whole; in effect, a federal constitution. |
 | | The league then expanded for a while, but by the end of the decade Aratus had reached the limits of his powers and the league had failed to absorb either Athens or Sparta. |
 | | The Achaean League was governed by a primary assembly of all male citizens over the age of thirty, which met to deal with major constitutional issues, and an elected council of several hundred, which met regularly and elected the magistrates. |
| www.jcpa.org /dje/articles/hel-ion-eurconfed.htm (1345 words) |
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