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Topic: Achalasia

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	MGC-Achalasia
		Achalasia is a rare disease of the muscle of the esophagus (swallowing tube) which is usually diagnosed in young adults.
		The term achalasia means "failure to relax" and refers to one of the abnormalities of the esophagus seen in the disease, specifically, the inability of the muscle at the lower end of the esophagus (the lower esophageal sphincter) to open and let food pass into the stomach.
		In achalasia, the video-esophagram shows that the esophagus is dilated (enlarged or widened), with a characteristic tapered narrowing of the lower end sometimes likened to a "bird's beak." In addition, the barium stays in the esophagus longer than normal before passing into the stomach.
	www.midwestgastro.com /patient_education/Achalasia.html (997 words)

	Achalasia
		Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and lack of progressive peristalsis in the esophageal body.
		Achalasia is a motor disorder of the oesopagus characterized by decrease in ganglion cell density in Auerbach's plexus.
		Achalasia is characterized by failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and absence of progressive peristalsis in the esophageal body.
	www.thedoctorsdoctor.com /diseases/achalasia.htm (6594 words)

	s001117a - Esophageal Achalasia
		Abstract: Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder of unknown etiology producing complaints of dysphagia, regurgitation, and chest pain.
		Abstract: Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder of unknown cause, characterized clinically by dysphagia and regurgitation and diagnosed by manometry and/or barium esophagogram.
		Abstract: Achalasia is a disorder of the esophagus characterized by aperistalsis and failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch00/s001117a.html (2037 words)

	Pathophysiology of achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm : GI Motility online
		The most commonly recognized variant of achalasia is known as "vigorous achalasia," variably defined by the presence of normal to high-amplitude simultaneous esophageal body contractions in the presence of a nonrelaxing LES (Figure 4).
		Although these animals manometrically resembled achalasia with hypertension and failed relaxation of the LES, further study is needed to delineate whether the effects of the chemical injury are specific for enteric neurons rather than the result of a mechanical obstruction owing to injury to other structures of the gastroesophageal junction.
		Achalasia of the esophagus: Pathologic and etiologic considerations.
	www.nature.com /gimo/contents/pt1/full/gimo22.html (8357 words)

	Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library - Achalasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Achalasia is a disorder of the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach).
		The main abnormality in achalasia is a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter (a muscular ring at the junction of the esophagus and stomach) to relax during swallowing.
		Achalasia is a rare disorder, may occur at any age, but is most common in middle-aged or older adults.
	www.lifespan.org /adam/healthillustratedencyclopedia/1/000267.html (478 words)

	About Achalasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Achalasia results from the nerves in the esophagus and lower esophageal valve being damaged or destroyed.
		The diagnosis of achalasia is suspected by barium x-rays and confirmed by esophageal manometry.
		All achalasia patients should also have an upper GI endoscopy to exclude the uncommon case of a cancer (usually adenocarcinoma of the stomach) causing a pseudo-achalasia picture.
	www.aboutgimotility.org /achalasia.html (737 words)

	gihealth.com - built for patient satisfaction
		Achalasia is not cancer, but untreated achalasia does increase the risk of squamous cell cancer of the esophagus about ten times above normal.
		In patients with achalasia, manometry typically shows a weakened esophageal muscle and an overly tight LES with a high resting pressure that fails to relax with swallowing.
		A dilated esophagus with a tight LES is characteristic of achalasia.
	www.gihealth.com /html/education/achalasia.html (1454 words)

	Achalasia Information on Healthline
		Achalasia is a disorder of the esophagus that prevents normal swallowing.
		Achalasia affects the esophagus, the tube that carries swallowed food from the back of the throat down into the stomach.
		Achalasia is caused by degeneration of the nerve cells that normally signal the brain to relax the esophageal sphincter.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/achalasia (728 words)

	SSAT - Physician Guidelines - Esophageal Achalasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Esophageal achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by absence of esophageal peristalsis and increased or normal resting pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which fails to relax completely in response to swallowing.
		Achalasia surgery should preferably be performed by surgeons with special knowledge, training and experience in the management of gastroesophageal swallowing disorders.
		Heller myotomy versus Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication for achalasia.
	www.ssat.com /cgi-bin/achalasia.cgi?affiliation=other (1559 words)

	Laparascopic Surgery for Achalasia
		Achalasia is a disease of the esophagus in which that organ's ability to move food down and into the stomach is severely reduced or restricted.
		For patients with achalasia, swallowing is difficult and unpleasant.
		It is felt that patients with primary Achalasia lack a specific nerve complex in the muscular wall of the esophagus that is responsible for relaxation of the LES during meals.
	www.lapsurg.org /achalasia.html (1132 words)

	Laparoscopic Myotomy for Achalasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Achalasia is a disease of the muscle of the esophagus that effects primarily the lower esophageal valve separating the esophagus and stomach.
		Medical therapy for achalasia with drugs that relieve the spasm of the sphincter has largely been unsuccessful and associated with numerous side effects.
		Historically, definitive surgical treatment for patients with achalasia included a formal rib spreading incision to perform an esophageal myotomy or splitting of the abnormally thickened esophageal muscle at the lower sphincter.
	www.nyp.org /masc/myotomy.htm (345 words)

	ACHALASIA AND ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY DISORDERS
		Achalasia is one of several subtypes of esophageal motility disorders.
		It is characterized by the absence of muscular contractions in the lower half of the esophagus and by failure of the valve at the bottom of the esophagus to open and let food into the stomach.
		In patients with achalasia there are nerve cells within the muscle layers of the esophagus that appear to degenerate for reasons that are not currently understood.
	www.sts.org /doc/4120 (1177 words)

	ACHALASIA
		Achalasia, also known as cardiospasm, oesophageal aperistalsis or mega-oesophagus, is a disorder of the oesophagus (the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach).
		Another feature of achalasia is that the normal rhythmic contractions of the oesophagus, which propel food down it towards the stomach (doctors call this peristalsis), are lacking.
		If you have achalasia it’s important that it’s identified as soon as possible, as doctors believe the condition may slightly increase the risk of cancer of the oesophagus so it needs to be monitored for early detection of cancer cells.
	www.mydr.com.au /default.asp?article=3309 (1153 words)

	eMedicine - Achalasia : Article by Michael AJ Sawyer, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Background: Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by increased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, diminished-to-absent peristalsis in the distal portion of the esophagus composed of smooth muscle, and lack of a coordinated LES relaxation in response to swallowing.
		However, with early achalasia, a mixed inflammatory infiltrate of T cells, mast cells, and eosinophils is found in association with myenteric neural fibrosis and with a selective loss of inhibitory postganglionic neurons from the Auerbach plexus.
		Achalasia patients could be discriminated from normal controls on the basis of a dilated esophagus without the presence of a neoplastic lesion.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic6.htm (4681 words)

	Achalasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Achalasia is a disorder in which the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax when food passes down the esophagus to the stomach.
		Achalasia is often associated with chest pain during eating, weight loss, and regurgitation of food.
		Achalasia can sometimes be treated with medication that helps the lower esophageal sphincter relax.
	www.shands.org /health/surgeries/100143.html (751 words)

	Achalasia - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Achalasia is characterized by a grossly contorted and dilated esophagus (megaesophagus).
		Achalasia or acalasia is a failure of a ring of muscle (as a sphincter) to relax (completely).
		It refers most commonly to esophageal achalasia, which is a neuromuscular disorder of the esophagus characterized by (1) the reduced ability to move food down the esophagus (peristalsis), and (2) the inability of the cardia (also called lower esophageal sphincter or "LES")- to relax properly in response to swallowing.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /a/achalasia/intro.htm (499 words)

	Achalasia - My Child Has - Children's Hospital Boston
		Achalasia is a rare and progressive disorder of the esophagus that impairs the ability to swallow.
		Achalasia is characterized by abnormal enlargement of the esophagus, an inability of the esophagus to push food down toward the stomach (peristalsis), and failure of the ring shaped muscle (the lower-esophageal sphincter) to relax and allow food to pass into the stomach.
		The treatment of choice for the condition is a surgical procedure known as a Heller myotomy, in which the muscles surrounding the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter are cut to allow food and liquids to pass to the stomach more readily.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site1238/mainpageS1238P0.html (376 words)

	What Is Achalasia - Resource Center - Digestive Health Center - Health Services - UofL Health Care (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Achalasia is an uncommon motility disorder of the esophagus (swallowing tube).
		Achalasia can be diagnosed only by esophageal manometry.
		Achalasia may be treated with certain medications, however the results are usually temporary if the patient responds at all.
	www.uoflhealthcare.org /digestivehealth/achalasia.htm (338 words)

	UpToDate Patient information: Achalasia
		However, patients with achalasia have two problems in the esophagus (the tube which carries food from the mouth to the stomach).
		Sometimes this test reveals spastic contractions of the esophagus in response to swallowing; this variation of achalasia is known as vigorous achalasia.
		Pneumatic dilation and botulinum toxin injection for achalasia
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=digestiv/4384 (2347 words)

	Achalasia
		Achalasia is the best known primary motility disorder of the esophagus.
		Achalasia is diagnosed by having an upper GI series using Barium which demonstrates a dilated esophagus with an acute narrowing or Birds beak difformity at the lower end of esophagus.
		In order to definitively establish the diagnosis of achalasia, manometry pressure measurments of the esophagus is carried out and demonstrates that there is an elevated pressure at the lower end of the esophagus and incomplete relaxation of the valve.
	www.uphs.upenn.edu /surgery/clin/gi/achalas.html (367 words)

	Achalasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Achalasia is a condition in which the muscles of the esophagus fail to relax during swallowing.
		In achalasia, the esophagus does not contract when swallowing, and the muscle between the esophagus and stomach does not relax.
		In achalasia, it can detect a lack of contraction of the esophagus when swallowing and that the muscle between the stomach and esophagus does not relax.
	www.csmc.edu /pf_5286.html (243 words)

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