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	Guidance for Industry: Use of Nucleic Acid Tests on Pooled and Individual Samples from Donations of Whole Blood and ...
		However, the workshop fueled interest in developing systems for implementing nucleic acid methodology for testing blood and plasma donations, since the methodology might be used to identify earlier stages of infection, and therefore reduce the window period for donations.
		Testing using the tests for the antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-1 NAT may be performed concurrently.
		Testing using a test for antibodies to HCV and the HCV NAT test may be performed concurrently.
	www.fda.gov /cber/gdlns/hivhcvnatbld.htm (3215 words)

	Uric acid tests
		Uric acid tests are tests that are done to measure the levels of uric acid in blood serum or in urine.
		The uric acid tests are used to evaluate the blood levels of uric acid for gout and to assess uric acid levels in the urine for kidney stone formation.
		The uric acid blood test is performed on a sample of the patient's blood, withdrawn from a vein into a vacuum tube.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/uric_acid_tests.jsp (973 words)

	Uric Acid Tests \| AHealthyMe.com
		The uric acid tests are used to evaluate the blood levels of uric acid for gout and to assess uric acid levels in the urine for kidney stone formation.
		The urine test is used most often to monitor patients already diagnosed with kidney stones, but it can also be used to detect disorders that affect the body's production of uric acid and to help measure the level of kidney functioning.
		Increased uric acid levels due to overproduction may also be caused by gout, by a genetic disorder of purine metabolism, or by metastatic cancer, destruction of red blood cells, leukemia, or cancer chemotherapy.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100587627 (888 words)

	Uric acid tests
		Uric acid tests are tests that are done to measure the levels of uric acid in blood serum or in urine.
		Supersaturated uric acid in the urine (uricosuria) can crystallize to form kidney stones that may block the tubes that lead from the kidneys to the bladder (the ureters).
		The uric acid blood test is performed on a sample of the patient's blood, withdrawn from a vein into a vacuum tube.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/uric_acid_tests.jsp (1003 words)

	Genesis Health System - Detailed Disease Info - Uric Acid Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The urine test is used most often to monitor patients already diagnosed with kidney stones, but it can also be used to detect disorders that affect the body's production of uric acid and to help measure the level of kidney functioning.
		Risks for the blood test are minimal, but may include slight bleeding from the puncture site, a small bruise or swelling in the area, or fainting or feeling lightheaded.
		Abnormally low uric acid levels may indicate that the patient is taking allopurinol or probenecid for treatment of gout; may be pregnant; or suffers from Wilson's disease or Fanconi's syndrome.
	www.genesishealth.com /micromedex/detaileddisease/00069660.aspx (914 words)

	Amino acid disorders screening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Amino acid disorder screening is done in newborns, and sometimes children and adults, to detect inborn errors in metabolism of amino acids.
		The blood plasma amino acid pattern is abnormal in overflow aminoaciduria and is normal in renal aminoaciduria.
		The pattern is abnormal in the urine test, suggesting additional tests need to be done to determine which amino acids are involved.
	www.rwjhamilton.org /Atoz/ency/amino_acid_disorders_screening.asp (995 words)

	Nucleic acid amplification tests in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
		However, these tests have low and variable sensitivity and, therefore, may not be useful in excluding (ruling out) the disease.
		NAA test results, therefore, cannot replace conventional tests; they need to be interpreted in parallel with clinical findings and results of conventional tests.
		The accuracy of in-house nucleic acid amplification tests is poorly defined because of heterogeneity in study results.
	repositories.cdlib.org /postprints/137 (396 words)

	The Body: Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
		Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis
		The test is approved for use in conjunction with culture for respiratory specimens that are positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on microscopy and were obtained from untreated patients.
		For example, information is limited regarding test performance for smear-negative specimens, nonrespiratory specimens, or specimens from treated patients: preliminary results suggest NAA tests are less sensitive for smear-negative specimens (4,5), may produce false-positive results (4,5), and often remain positive after cultures become negative during therapy (6,7).
	www.thebody.com /cdc/tbtest.html (1049 words)

	OpinionJournal - Featured Article
		A particular score is deemed to separate "proficient" from "not proficient." Reach that score, and you've passed the test.
		Any test that meets ordinary standards produces an approximation of what statisticians call a "normal distribution" of scores--a bell curve--because achievement in any open-ended skill such as reading comprehension or mathematics really is more or less normally distributed.
		To illustrate point No. 2, consider a test that has a hundred-point scale with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 15 (the standard deviation, a measure of the variability of the scores, tells you how tall and skinny or how short and broad the bell curve will be).
	www.opinionjournal.com /editorial/feature.html?id=110008701 (1694 words)

	Medical Tests - Uric acid - urine - Detroit, Michigan
		This test measures the amount of uric acid in urine.
		The most common reason for measuring uric acid levels is in the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of kidney stones.
		Patients with gout may also be evaluated using this test, since a significant number of patients with gout develop uric acid kidney stones.
	www.henryfordhealth.org /14430.cfm (492 words)

	(Molecular Diagnostics) Point-of-care nucleic acid lateral-flow tests (IVDT archive, Nov 06)
		Generally, nucleic acid tests fall into three categories: those based on direct hybridization and detection using specific nucleic acid probes; those based on signal amplification, where specific probes bind the target sequence and the resulting signal is amplified; and those involving target amplification, typically achieved through enzymatic means.
		Point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid tests have been an elusive goal until recently, largely owing to the complexity of molecular assays and the technical challenges they present with regard to sample preparation and control of assay reproducibility and reliability.
		In these tests, enzyme-labeled probes are hybridized to complementary nucleic acid target species on the surface of a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane.
	www.devicelink.com /ivdt/archive/06/11/007.html (4193 words)

	Acid Detection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Organisms which produce acid from carbohydrates will produce sufficient acid to exceed the buffering capacity of the substrate medium and cause a color change from red (alkaline) to yellow (acid), e.g., Figure 1.
		Tests to detect acid production from fructose are performed primarily for research purposes or by reference laboratories.
		Note: Because several Neisseria species may give the same acid detection patterns (Table 2), it may be necessary to perform additional tests to confirm the identity of the test strain.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dastlr/gcdir/NeIdent/AcidDet.html (2032 words)

	Responses - Lactic Acid and Biopsy Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Because measurement of lactic acid in blood is not very invasive, we perform this test prior to muscle biopsy.
		Please be aware that although a high level of lactic acid in blood or CSF provides supportive evidence of a mitochondrial disease, by itself, the test result will not lead to the diagnosis of the specific type of mitochondrial disease.
		Muscle biopsies are invasive and costly procedures, therefore, when the test is performed, the samples must be processed correctly and extra samples (including frozen tissue) should be stored in case additional studies are required to make a diagnosis.
	www.mdausa.org /experts/question.cfm?id=2104&disease=97 (582 words)

	Chlamydia Tests - [Medical Test] - Quest Diagnostics Patient Health Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Chlamydia tests involve testing a sample of body fluid or urine to determine whether chlamydia bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis) are present and may be the cause of an infection.
		This common, rapid test detects substances (chlamydia antigens) that trigger the immune system to fight chlamydia infection.
		The chlamydia culture test is usually done when child sexual abuse is suspected or when treatment for infection has failed.
	www.questdiagnostics.com /kbase/topic/medtest/hw4046/descrip.htm (230 words)

	Uric Acid: The Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The uric acid test is used to learn whether the body might be breaking down cells too quickly or not getting rid of uric acid quickly enough.
		Uric acid can cause white crystals of the acid to form in the body joints, which are the cause of the painful signs of gout.
		On the other hand, in high doses (as may be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis), aspirin blocks reabsorption of uric acid by the kidneys to a greater extent than it blocks secretion, leading to lower uric acid.
	www.labtestsonline.org /understanding/analytes/uric_acid/test.html (650 words)

	Worley Labs Acid
		Acid allows a LightWave object to "paint" attributes onto surfaces.
		The Acid plugin can affect all the surface attributes including bump mapping, enabling a huge range of intense effects.
		Acid also applies a variety of fractal noise algorithms.
	www.worley.com /E/Products/polk/acid.html (137 words)

	Medical Tests - Stomach acid test - Hartford, Connecticut
		The stomach acid test is a test that assesses the quantity and acidity of stomach contents.
		To test the capacity of the parietal cells in the stomach to secrete acid, gastrin may be injected subcutaneously (just under the skin), intramuscularly, or intravenously.
		If the test includes injection of insulin, there is a risk of inducing symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
	www.saintfranciscare.com /13868.cfm (522 words)

	Medical Tests - Acid-fast stain - Detroit, Michigan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The acid-fast stain is a test used to examine a specimen for the presence of microorganisms, specifically mycobacteria which include the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.
		The bacteria that retain the first dye are acid fast because they resist the acid wash. Bacteria that wash free of the first dye and take the counterstain are nonacid fast.
		If a tissue biopsy is required for the test, other diagnostic tests may be performed on the same specimen.
	www.henryfordhealth.org /14641.cfm (463 words)

	Erowid LSA Vault : Drug Tests (Lysergic Acid Amide, LAA)
		It is possible to specifically test for the presence of LSA in urine, but we have never heard of such a test.
		LSA/LAA is not one of the NIDA-5 standardly tested for in the basic drug test, nor is it included in the extended drug tests.
		It is also not chemically similar to any of the drugs commonly tested for, so should not trigger the tests as another substance.
	www.erowid.org /chemicals/lsa/lsa_testing.shtml (202 words)

	The ELLAGIC ACID Information Site. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ellagic Acid is astounding cancer researchers worldwide with it's ability to apparently prevent many types of cancer cells from multiplying, thus causing the cancer to die.
		Ellagic Acid, a phenolic compound, inhibits the growth of cancer cells and arrests the growth in persons with a genetic predisposition for the disease.
		A separate study of ellagic Acid indicated that it was effective at inhibiting tumor growth from esophageal cancer cells in mice.
	www.ellagic-acid.org (724 words)

	Medical Tests - Uric acid - Detroit, Michigan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This is a blood test that measures the amount of uric acid.
		The laboratory centrifuges the blood to separate the serum from the cells and the uric acid test is done on the serum.
		An overproduction of uric acid occurs when there is excessive breakdown of cells, which contain purines, or an inability of the kidneys to excrete uric acid.
	www.henryfordhealth.org /14371.cfm (327 words)

	Notices to Readers Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Tuberculosis
		An NAA test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test or MTD {Gen-Probe{Registered}, San Diego, California}) * was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use on processed clinical specimens (1), and others are under development.
		Approved NAA tests are different from NAA tests developed by individual laboratories for in-house use (which have not been reviewed by FDA and may perform differently {8,9}) and from the non-NAA AccuProbe{Registered} approved for use on culture isolates.
		Material from a clinical specimen should not be reserved for NAA testing if this compromises the ability to perform established tests with better-defined implications (e.g., AFB smear as a guide to infectiousness or culture to confirm diagnosis, determine drug susceptibility, and monitor treatment response).
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044313.htm (1078 words)

	Ellagic Acid Information - Ellagic acid cancer alternative
		This is the source of ellagic acid that has been tested as a cancer alternative.
		Ellagic Acid, is a phenolic compound, that apparently inhibits the growth of cancer cells and arrests the growth in persons with a genetic predisposition for the disease.
		Additional studies suggest that one of the mechanisms by which Ellagic acid inhibits mutagenesis and carcinogenesis is by forming adducts with DNA, thus masking binding sites to be occupied by the mutagen or carcinogen.
	www.ellagic-research.org (366 words)

	Medical Tests - Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) - Hartford, Connecticut
		The PAP test is a blood test that measures prostatic acid phosphatase (an enzyme found primarily in men in the prostate gland and semen) to determine the health of the prostate gland.
		As with any blood test, the health care provider may limit certain foods or medications shortly before the test to assure an accurate sample.
		This test is most often performed to determine whether you have prostate cancer, an abnormality of the prostate gland, or to follow the response of prostate cancer to treatment.
	www.saintfranciscare.com /13488.cfm (535 words)

	The Journal of Coatings Technology: New accelerated weathering tests including acid rain.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Aprocedure for the design of reliable accelerated weathering tests for service life prediction of automotive coatings was developed and used in designing an accelerated test based on SAE method J 1960.
		Results from these tests and from Florida exposures were used to optimize test conditions.
		A test cycle that includes acid rain spraying was developed and evaluated by exposing 16 different coating systems using...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:82556102&refid=holomed_1 (188 words)

	3.1.5.4 Nucleic Acid Tests
		These tests are approved for use on urine in men and women, endocervical swabs in women, and urethral swabs in men.
		Specimens from the vagina and eye have been tested with satisfactory results, but only the Aptima test has been FDA approved for vaginal specimens.
		Specificity of some tests suggests that predictive value positive may not be sufficient for screening low prevalence populations.
	www.bu.edu /cme/std/sec03/sec03-1.5.4.shtml (205 words)

	Rocks & Minerals: Doing Acid Tests on Rocks and Minerals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		These tests are so useful and easy to perform that when I do routine mineral identification, I usually take just a magnifier, a nail, and a small dropper bottle of dilute HCl.
		This acid, however, can be dangerous and should not be used by children, even in small, dilute quantities, without adult supervision.
		If you want a cup of dilute acid (which is quite a lot of acid), fill the cup nine-tenths with water.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GDX/is_4_75/ai_63322758 (1372 words)

	AEGiS-FDA: Final Guidance: Use of Nucleic Acid Tests for Blood Screening
		The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued final guidance on the "Use of Nucleic Acid Tests on Pooled and Individual Samples from Donors of Whole Blood and Blood Components (including Source Plasma and Source Leukocytes) to Adequately and Appropriately Reduce the Risk of Transmission of HIV-1 and HCV."
		Nucleic Acid Testing, or NAT, is a nucleic acid amplification technology that includes polymer chain reaction, or PCR, to detect certain viral components.
		Although the blood or plasma could be infectious, the infection may not be detected using current antibody tests because the person may not yet have developed antibodies.
	www.aegis.com /news/fda/2004/FD041102.html (533 words)

	Acid Reflux Tests and Results
		If you have the symptoms of acid reflux disease, you may be pretty sure that's what the diagnosis will be.
		Read this comprehensive guide to learn the basics about the tests your doctor might use to diagnose acid reflux disease.
		Learn about this test, often used to diagnose acid reflux and GERD, with this health encyclopedia guide.
	www.healthcentral.com /acid-reflux/tests.html (250 words)

	May 1, 2002 - Use of Nucleic Acid Tests on Pooled Samples From Source Plasma Donors to Adequately and Appropriately ...
		May 1, 2002 - Use of Nucleic Acid Tests on Pooled Samples From Source Plasma Donors to Adequately and Appropriately Reduce the Risk of Transmission of HIV-1 and HCV
		Nucleic acid tests (NAT) are sensitive and specific, and theoretically, this would be an improvement over older antibody and antigen assays.
		However, the tests must include an amplification control for the detection of inhibitors, which was not addressed in the draft Guidance Document.
	www.asm.org /Policy/index.asp?bid=3978 (293 words)

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