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Topic: Acoma

	Native Americans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Acoma pueblo village, located at the top of a 350-foot steep mesa that was carved from a huge plateau thousands of years ago by fast-moving river water.
		The Acoma culture exists today despite the fact half the population was eliminated in 1599 by a Spanish explorer who did so to avenge the death of a brother who had been murdered in the area.
		The Acoma did not resist, and although some conversion and missionary work took place, the missionairies worked the Acoma hard to produce crops and arts and crafts which was then sold in Europe and Mexico for large profits, not for the Acoma, but for the Spanish.
	www.thewildwest.org /native_american/society/Acoma.html (546 words)

	ABQjournal's @VENUE: The legendary walls of Acoma
		Acoma, however, was not as impregnable as it seemed, as later events would demonstrate -- events that triggered one of the most amazing feats of arms in the annals of the Southwest.
		Acoma legend relates that when Fray Ramirez first came to Acoma, he was met with hostility and was denied entrance to the pueblo.
		Acoma leaders believed the painting had brought prosperity to the pueblo and was responsible for a number of years of bountiful harvests.
	www.abqjournal.com /venue/day/heritage6.htm (2001 words)

	Acoma - DesertUSA
		As the centuries passed, the people of Acoma and their village of stone and mortar, burnished by age, became an expression of Mother Earth, with lives attuned to the rhythm of the seasons, as natural and enduring as the wind on the mesa top.
		The Acomas could not have known what Onate planned for retribution, that "penalty of death." They could not have known that Onate, with the support of his colonists, declared guerra de sangre y fuego, war by blood and fire—war without quarter, without mercy.
		A few years after the disastrous defeat, Acoma men and women began to slip the bonds of slavery and return in a trickle to their village on the mesa, that place to go back to.
	www.desertusa.com /mag01/mar/stories/acoma.html (1994 words)

	Acoma - New Mexico Ghost Town
		The capture of acoma, in a siege lasting from jan.21 to 23, 1599, is reported by gaspar perez de villagra in his 'history of new mexico (1610).
		A number of celebrated stories dealign with early days at acoma are to be found in willa cathers 'death comes for the archbishop (1926).
		Acoma revolted again in 1692 during the big indian revolt led by "Pope" of Taos.
	www.ghosttowns.com /states/nm/acoma.html (363 words)

	Acoma, New Mexico, America's Oldest Continually Inhabited City
		ACOMA, NEW MEXICO -- Having been born and raised in New England, I was well aware of the old Pilgrim homes dating back to the 1600's which are still inhabited near Plymouth, Massachusetts.
		Acoma Pueblo predates them by at least 450 years and I had never heard of it until my wife and I were driving home to Southern California after visiting Albuquerque.
		Legend describes Acoma as a "place that always was" but native verbal history says it was first inhabited about 700 A.D. Archeologists agree that it has most certainly been continuously occupied from at least 1150 A.D. to the present.
	www.fabuloustravel.com /usa/acoma/acoma.html (1186 words)

	Acoma History / Infromation
		The Acoma people were introduced to Catholicism and were slowly forced to take the religion on as their only religion.
		Acoma men and women were taken prisoner and tried in court at the Pueblo of Santo Domingo.
		The Acoma were dealt a sever sentence, men over 25 years of age were sentenced to have one foot amputated and were sentenced to serve 20 years of slavery.
	www.geocities.com /laceone2k2/acomahist.html (887 words)

	Art of the Southwest: Native American Indian pottery, jewelry, rugs, Kachinas, baskets, and art from Native American ...
		These shapes are patterned after the ollas used by the Acoma women in past centuries to carry water to their dwellings on the top of the mesa at Acoma.
		This is a classic Acoma olla with the indented bottom, put there by the Acoma potters so that the olla is easier to balance on the head of the water carrier.
		Caution—Some Acoma potters are resorting to a speed-up of traditional methods, and use store-bought clays, slip-casting with plaster of paris molds to form the shapes, and electric kilns.
	www.canyonart.com /acoma.htm (2970 words)

	DEBORAH A. ROSEN \| Acoma v. Laguna and the Transition from Spanish Colonial Law to American Civil Procedure in New ...
		In reaction, Acoma Pueblo sued Laguna Pueblo in the closest court, the U.S. District Court for the Third District, in the county of Valencia.
		For example, in Acoma's Petition, the drawing of lots was described as intended to settle the question of "the right and possession" of the painting; and when Laguna took the painting back, Acoma complained in the Petition, the other pueblo was "wholly disregarding the rights" of Acoma.
		Because Acoma claimed that the painting of San José was in danger of being destroyed by the people of Laguna, Benedict decreed that Laguna surrender the painting to the Valencia County sheriff, who was to place it in the custody of Fray Vicente Saturnino Montaña, the cura, or parish priest, in Tomé.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/19.3/rosen.html (12969 words)

	Traditional Acoma Pottery
		Acoma "Sky City" in New Mexico, is one of the oldest continuously occupied cities in North America.
		The clays, vegetable binders, and mineral pigments for the distinctive Acoma polychrome, including those derived from certain plants, are dug or gathered locally, and are ground and mixed by the potter to achieve the intended colors.
		Designs on traditional Acoma pottery include polychrome rainbow bands, birds (parrots or macaws), deer (adapted from the Zuni deer motif, with the distinctive "heartline"), fl or dark brown and white abstract stylized adaptations of ancient Anasazi, Mogollon, and Mimbres ware (including geometric shapes, spirals, stepped forms, clouds, dragonflies and butterflies--which are water and rain images).
	www.migrations.com /traditionalacoma.html (1721 words)

	Indian Art - Acoma Pottery at IndianTraders.com
		Prior to firing and decorating Acoma pottery it is painted with a kaolin clay slip.
		Acoma pottery can be plain with a smooth white slip, white with indentations (thumbnailing), white on fl, or fl on white.
		Beginning in the mid to late 80’s some Acoma potters began to resort to the use of commercial greenware and mold to make their pottery.
	www.indiantraders.com /aboutart/pottery/acoma.htm (493 words)

	Acoma Sky City, general information about the Acoma Indians.
		Acoma (pronounced eh-Ko-Ma or Ah-Ko-Ma) is derived from the Keresan word Hak'u.
		Acoma tradition draws people back to old Acoma at intervals throughout the year.
		Pueblo of Acoma, Sky City Tours are privileges granted by the Acoma Tribal Council and Tribal Administration.
	www.acomazuni.com /acoma.cfm (858 words)

	New Mexico Magazine \| Acoma Pueblo
		Known as Sky City, Acoma Pueblo was strategically built on top of a 357-foot sandstone mesa many hundreds of years ago for effective defense against raiders.
		Acomans claim that their 70-acre village is the oldest continuously inhabited city in the U.S. Acoma was nearly destroyed when Gov. Juan de Oñate and 70 of his men retaliated for the killing of 13 Spanish soldiers by the Acomas when they tried to take grain from the pueblo storehouses in 1598.
		Guided tours of the pueblo are available, as is original white, orange and fl Acoma pottery.
	www.nmmagazine.com /NMGUIDE/acoma.html (302 words)

	San Esteban del Rey Church and Convent, Acoma Pueblo - Cornerstones Project
		Begun in 1630, only 32 years after Juan de Oñate took possession of New Mexico in the name of King Philip II of Spain, San Esteban del Rey Church was one of the few Spanish missions to survive the Pueblo Revolt of 1680.
		The quantity of water hauled by burros and carried on the heads of Acoma women during the 14 years of construction is difficult to estimate; the amount of labor required to transport the numerous 40-foot vigas the necessary 20 mountainous miles is hard to imagine.
		In this way, the Acoma people will be able to restore their sacred buildings today and.
	cstones.org /projects/Acoma_Pueblo (367 words)

	Acoma Pueblo Pottery Collection
		Prior to 1700 Acoma Pueblo was noted for its magnificent glazed ware with convex jar bases.
		Acoma was nearly destroyed when Governor Juan de Oñate and 70 of his men retaliated for the killing of 13 Spanish soldiers by the Acomas when they tried to steal grain from the pueblo storehouses in 1598.
		In the legends of the Acoma (OCK-o-ma) peoples, a story is told of the sacred twins leading their ancestors to Ako, the magical white rock which became their permanent home.
	www.clayhound.us /sites/acoma.htm (497 words)

	Isleta and Acoma Pueblos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The missions of Isleta and Acoma are the oldest remaining missions and were the only ones to survive the Pueblo Rebellion of 1680 without extensive damage.
		The Indians of Acoma were the last to submit to the Spaniards.
		It is felt that this was a factor in the location of the mission away from the housing clusters.
	media.graniteschools.org /Curriculum/anasazi/isleta.htm (113 words)

	AllRefer.com - Acoma, United States (U.S. Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Acoma or Acoma[both: ak´umu] Pronunciation Key, pueblo (1990 pop.
		The Acoma people joined in the Pueblo revolt of 1680, were forced to submit to Diego de Vargas in 1692, joined in the later uprising of 1696, and were subdued again in 1699.
		They were later Christianized; the pueblo is dominated by the mission church of San Estevan del Rey.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/A/Acoma.html (282 words)

	THE COLLECTOR’S GUIDE: ACOMA PUEBLO - SKY CITY
		Acoma Pueblo, Sky City, is the oldest continuously inhabited city in the United States.
		He described the Acoma fortress as: "One of the strongest ever seen, because the city was built on a high rock.
		Tours of Old Acoma Pueblo, Sky City are open daily with some exceptions in July and October.
	www.collectorsguide.com /ab/abfa22.html (252 words)

	EPA Brownfields Assessment Pilots, Pueblo of Acoma, NM
		The Acoma Reservation is 591 square miles, and is located in the northwest corner of Cibola County, approximately 65 miles west of Albuquerque.
		The Acoma Pueblo is one of 19 Pueblo Indian reservations in New Mexico.
		Indian Health Services indicates that two-thirds of Acoma youth under eight are afflicted with a number of different ailments, including tuberculosis, that are related to environmental contamination on the reservation.
	www.epa.gov /docs/swerosps/bf/html-doc/pblacoma.htm (568 words)

	Route 66 Association Directory - Acoma Pueblo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Pueblo of Acoma is located about 60 miles west of Albuquerque and approximately 13 miles South of I - 40, on a road that travels along buttes and mesas.
		It is also known as Sky City because the Ancient Pueblo of Acoma sits atop a Mesa.
		Acoma claims to be the longest continuously inhabited Pueblo in New Mexico at the same location, dating its earliest inhabitants to over 900 years ago.
	www.rt66nm.org /CONTACT/acoma.html (101 words)

	Acoma on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Tigua and Acoma poets celebrated at Poetry Crawl: Where poetry is always enough
		PMI Mortgage Insurance Co. and Fannie Mae Announce Housing Investment for Pueblo of Acoma.
		First Ever-Private Sector Investment - Acoma Pueblo to Get $125,000 Revolving Fund From PMI to Build 2 Houses and Help Families Become Homeowners.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/Acoma.asp (717 words)

	Images of Acoma and San Estevan, Acoma, New Mexico.
		Acoma Pueblo, sometimes known as "Sky City," is probably the oldest continuously inhabited town in the United States.
		Acoma, which means the People of the White Rock, has been inhabited since the 12th century.
		This is not the mesa on which Acoma Pueblo is located but a nearby similar stone outcropping.
	www.bluffton.edu /~sullivanm/acoma/acoma.html (286 words)

	Side Canyon: New Mexico Guide - Acoma Pueblo to Bluewater Lake State Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although the location may have been chosen for defensive purposes, Acoma is beautifully situated in a dramatic landscape of mesas and valleys with far views in all directions.
		Most of the people of Acoma now live off the mesa-top in more modern housing but several families still live in "Sky City" and care for the San Estevan del Rey Mission Church, which was established in 1629.
		The Spanish explorer Coronado first saw Acoma in 1540 and reported that the residents "have abundant supplies of maize, beans, and turkeys" and fifty years later most of New Mexico's Pueblo people had submitted with great reluctance to Spanish authority.
	www.sidecanyon.com /attraction/nmexico1.htm (3762 words)

	ICT [2005/07/12] Legacy of Acoma Pueblo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. - The legacy of Acoma Pueblo is one of survival and reverence for the sacredness of life and land, C. Maurus Chino told participants at the recent Huaba Hanu Listening Conference in Albuquerque.
		Acoma is part of the Keresan people which include the present day tribes of Santa Ana, Zia, Cochiti, Santo Domingo, Laguna and San Felipe Pueblos.
		This city of Acoma sits atop a 350-foot rock mesa with sheer sides, situated in the middle of a fertile valley 6,300 feet above sea level.
	www.indiancountry.com /content.cfm?id=1096411217 (611 words)

	Acoma Pueblo : Introduction \| Frommers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The spectacular Acoma Sky City, a walled adobe village perched high atop a sheer rock mesa 367 feet above the 6,600-foot valley floor, is said to have been inhabited at least since the 11th century--it's the longest continuously occupied community in the United States.
		When Coronado visited in 1540, he suggested that Acoma was "the greatest stronghold in the world"; those who attempt to follow the cliff-side footpath down after their guided tour, rather than take the bus back down, may agree.
		Most of Sky City's permanent residents make their living off the throngs of tourists who flock here to see the magnificent church, built in 1639 and containing numerous masterpieces of Spanish colonial art, and to purchase the thin-walled white pottery, with brown-and-fl designs, for which the pueblo is famous.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/acomapueblo/1583010001.html (326 words)

	Acoma Township, Minnesota -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		For the pueblo in New Mexico, see (Click link for more info and facts about Acoma Pueblo) Acoma Pueblo.
		Acoma Township is a township located in (Click link for more info and facts about McLeod County, Minnesota) McLeod County, Minnesota.
		Out of the total population, 5.0% of those under the age of 18 and 5.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ac/acoma_township,_minnesota.htm (460 words)

	Albuquerque Area Office - Acoma-Canoncito-Laguna Service Unit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Acoma-Canoncito-Laguna (ACL) Service Unit serves the three Tribal groups in the immediate area: the Acoma Pueblo (population 3,500), the Laguna Pueblo (5,500) and the Canoncito Navajos (1,100).
		The Acoma-Canoncito-Laguna Service Unit serves three Tribal groups in the immediate area: the Acoma Pueblo (population 3,500), the Laguna Pueblo (5,500) and the Canoncito Navajos (1,100).
		Acoma is one of the oldest of the pueblos, continuously occupied since 1075.
	www.ihs.gov /FacilitiesServices/AreaOffices/Albuquerque/abq-acoma-canoncito-laguna-service-unit.asp (908 words)

	Tribal Utility and Environmental Services Ordinance Pueblo of Acoma Indian Tribe
		The Pueblo of Acoma Utility and environmental Services Department is hereby authorized by the Tribal Council to collect fees for services and to shutofff all services for nonpayment.
		The Pueblo of Acoma Utility and environmental Services Department shall not seek to attach customer's property, no seek to have fines assessed by Tribal Court, except in limited cases of blatant or continued abuses or destruction of property.
		It shall also be the policy of the Pueblo of Acoma Indian Tribe that the operation maintenance and management of the public utilities and environmental services shall be carried out through an efficient program and in a financially responsible cost effective and self-sufficient manner.
	www.nplnews.com /toolbox/tribal/84.html (11634 words)

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