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Topic: Acoustic homing

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	WHOI Arctic Group \| Projects \| APOGEE Sea Trials
		When the mission is over we use acoustic homing methods to recover the vehicle.
		An acoustic beacon is lowered on a wire through a hole in the ice.
		The nose of the vehicle is equipped with a phased transducer array that receives acoustic signals from the beacon, and allows it to determine azimuth and bearing to the source.
	www.whoi.edu /science/PO/arcticgroup/projects/apogee.html (1516 words)

	Homing device for underwater divers - Patent 5666326
		An underwater homing device as in claim 1 wherein said indicator means is a plurality of Light Emitting Diodes configured such that the number of Light Emitting Diodes illuminated is proportional to the amplitude of the received sound.
		The ratio of acoustic impedances for air-water is approximately 0.0003.
		As illustrated, the indicator (17) is illuminated, indicating the front (20) of the acoustic receiver is directed toward the source (30), and the back (21) of the acoustic receiver is directed away from the source, thus informing the diver that he is facing in the direction of the source.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5666326.html (4144 words)

	AN/SLQ-25 NIXIE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		An onboard generated signal is used by the towed body to produce an acoustic signal to decoy the hostile torpedo away from the ship.
		Modern acoustic towed decoys, such as the AN/SLQ-25 NIXIE and the older T-MK6 FANFAIR, employ electronic or electromechanical means to produce the required signals.
		The system provides an alternate target diversion for an enemy acoustic homing torpedo by stringing on cable a "noise maker", aft of the ship, which has the capability of producing a greater noise than the ship; thereby diverting the incoming torpedo from the ship to the "fish".
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ship/weaps/an-slq-25.htm (376 words)

	Air-to-subsurface missile system
		High speed targets, such as nuclear-powered submarines, are able to escape from the acoustical acquisition range of existing types of acoustic homing torpedoes in the time interval or so-called "blind time" after obtaining the target fix until the torpedo is in the water and begins homing on the target.
		Assuming that the target has escaped the acoustic acquisition range of the torpedo but that the sonobuoy, having relatively high sensitivity, maintains target contact, steering information is transmitted from the TACO station via the sonobuoy to the torpedo for directing it toward the target.
		The present invention thereby effectively extends the acquisition range of an acoustic homing torpedo and increases the probability of "kill" irrespective of the expected operational "blind time" between the air launching and acquisition by the homing torpedo or of the speed of the submarine or surface vessel.
	www.nmbest.biz /scitechcatalog/shaving_system/air-to-subsurface_missile_system.html (2436 words)

	ISE White Paper -
		Field trials of the acoustic telemetry and acoustic homing systems were performed to verify acceptable acoustics in the trials range.
		Since the vehicle's autonomous acoustic homing capabilities were not fully ready in time for the spring arctic trials, human intervention was required for terminal manoeuvring.
		Acoustic telemetry coverage was available throughout the trials range (1-2 km) with a field console located roughly in the middle of the trials range.
	www.ise.bc.ca /auv1002.html (2968 words)

	post
		The passive homing system from FIDO was modified and put into the Mk 27 torpedo which was designed to be launched from submarines for use against surface craft..
		These torpedoes had endurance range but the acoustic homing range was shorter depending on the targets noise and the environment.
		The Mk 21 torpedo was a passive acoustic version of the aircraft launched Mk 13 torpedo developed by HUSL and Bell Labs.
	www.personal.psu.edu /faculty/p/q/pq9/post.html (2010 words)

	Acoustic torpedo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An acoustic torpedo is a torpedo designed for medium-range use, often fired from a submarine.
		In general, acoustic torpedoes are equipped with a mid-grade acoustic sensor designed either to detect the sound of churning water from a moving vessel, or actively to locate targets using SONAR.
		One of the first acoustic torpedoes was the G7es T-5 Zaunkönig torpedo deployed in late World War II by the German U-Boat fleet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Acoustic_torpedo (187 words)

	Homing instincts
		DM2A3 introduced the TOSO acoustic homing head (manufactured by WASS); new two-way wire guidance; a new course attitude reference gyro system; and measures to cut radiated self-noise significantly The latter include new skewed propellers and elastic motor suspension.
		Modifications comprise the integration of the TOSO acoustic homing head and its associated classification software, a wake-homing sensor (also part of the A184 Advanced programme), replacement of the wire-guidance electronics, a new Ag-Zn battery, a low-noise skewed direct-drive propeller and a longer guidance wire.
		Torpedo 43X2 is itself an upgrade of the earlier 43X0, replacing the earlier homing head with a new multimode (active, passive and simultaneous active/passive) transducer and signal processor essentially identical to that fitted to Torpedo 2000.
	babriet.tripod.com /articles/art_hominginstinct.htm (5100 words)

	German U-Boat Torpedo T V (G7es) Acoustic Homing - Specification
		Although research in acoustic homing torpedoes had already begun in 1934, but the technology was slow to mature.
		The acoustic torpedo was based on two hydrophones, placed side by side which directed the torpedo to home in on the target’s noise signature.
		While designed to lure the acoustic torpedo away, it made such a loud noise that it broadcasted the convoy’s location for miles away, attracting U-boats which would have otherwise not have heard the convoy.
	www.uboataces.com /torpedo-tv.shtml (623 words)

	the 'CUTIE'
		It was an anti-escort, passive acoustic homing torpedo designed to 'swim out' of the torpedo tube under it's own power.
		Homing torpedoes are dramatically different from the gyro-controlled, set depth torpedoes used against surface ships in that once they acquire their target, they home on it autonomously using on-board controls.
		As they were an acoustic device, all effort must be made to insure that the submarine is quiet immediately after the launch or (being closer to the sub than the target) the torpedo would acquire the submarine.
	www.bergall.org /cutie.html (732 words)

	Post-World War II Acoutic ASW Torpedo Development
		However, a passive acoustic homing torpedo, the Mine MK-12, despite its limited capabilities, had proved effective in the latter stages of the war.
		Its acoustic transducer was to be pendulously pivoted so that its acoustic beam would always be horizontal in order to minimize detection of non-submarine targets on the bottom or surface.
		Homing characteristics, acoustic search and attack ranges, and torpedo speed and depth capability were essentially the same as the MK-35.
	www.navweaps.com /index_tech/tech-082.htm (5154 words)

	8.6.2
		Airborne nanorobots can stationkeep in the vicinity of the host patient by acoustic homing on a coded ultrasonic beacon worn by the patient, all of whose emanations are inaudible to the human ear.
		An aerial nanorobot with an acoustic receiver of equal size can detect a warning buoy signal at a distance of 100 microns from the skin-resident grid, assuming a continuous buoy broadcast power of ~35 pW/buoy through air at 298 K (25°C), giving a total grid emission power of 7 milliwatts.
		Direct acoustic air ranging by individual flying nanorobots (i.e., echolocation) is also feasible but should be combined with a "warning lattice" system to allow neighbors and prohibited surfaces to be efficiently distinguished.
	www.nanomedicine.com /NMI/8.6.2.htm (677 words)

	BHARAT RAKSHAK MONITOR: Volume 3(4)
		Older generation Torpedoes Acoustic Seekers homed on propeller cavitations and the relative small charge was calculated to be sufficient to disable a submarine.
		With SSBN it became clear that a crippled submarine must be able to launch her nuclear armed ballistic missile, and so the designers were told to investigate ways of sinking a submarine with a single shot or a total Mission Kill.
		In terms of acoustic signatures,they produce high level of radiated noise and are comparatively easy to attack,Due to lack of intelligence in them they can only be countered by maneuvers or hard-kill defense.
	www.bharat-rakshak.com /MONITOR/ISSUE3-4/joseph.html (4278 words)

	Russian Post-World War II Torpedoes
		Notes: Airborne ASW active/passive acoustic homing torpedo based on elements of the SET-40 torpedo.
		The range of the homing system was 550 to 1,100 yards (500 to 1,000 m).
		This design had too fragile a battery and homing system to be dropped from fixed-wing aircraft, so it was used only by helicopters.
	www.navweaps.com /Weapons/WTRussian_post-WWII.htm (1122 words)

	ONR Annual Report
		Acoustic homing systems were favored primarily for their large 'lock-on' distance.
		Robust homing was clearly demonstrated during tests in which the dock was suspended from a swinging ship.
		For example, consider the use of an acoustic Doppler current profiler from an AUV high in the water column to image the same volume of water which is concurrently sampled by a profiling CTD vehicle.
	auvlab.mit.edu /MURI/1997_Rprtfinal.html (1857 words)

	Torpedo Systems
		The Mk 35 Mod 3 torpedo was an active acoustic homing torpedo that operated at depths of 0 to 1,000 feet.
		An active/passive acoustic homing torpedo it had a 23,500 yard range at 17 knots and a 10,000 yard range at 26 knots.
		The Mk 44 was a one speed, 30 knot active acoustic homing torpedo using seawater primary battery and electric motor for propulsion.
	www.dd-692.com /torpedo.htm (674 words)

	Shaded transducer - Patent 4672592
		A cylindrical transducer for use as a low frequency hydrophone and having inner and outer electrodes at least one of which is deposited in a certain predetermined pattern having smooth continuous lines whereby the electrode coverage varies as a function of transducer axial length.
		As the torpedo moves through the water, acoustic noise is generated by the water passing over the torpedo surface such that small point type hydrophones, if used, would have an extremely low signal-to-noise ratio.
		The resultant voltage generated in response to the acoustic signal Po is related to the stress by the piezoelectric constant g.sub.31, where g.sub.31 is the electric field generated in the direction of polarization developed as a result of a stress applied in an orthogonal direction.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4672592.html (1999 words)

	[No title]
		] An acoustic listening device similar to a sonobuoy, used on land to form an electronic fence that will pick up sounds of enemy movements and transmit them to orbiting aircraft or land stations.
		] A technique for using sound to form visible images, in which acoustic beams form an interference pattern of an object and a beam of light interacts with this pattern and is focused to form an optical image.
		] A device in which acoustic signals are propagated in a medium to make use of the sonic propagation time to obtain a time delay for the signals.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/A/A7/DictA7.html (1317 words)

	The Battle of the Atlantic: Allied Naval Intelligence in World War II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		During antisubmarine attacks, various sonobuoys were deployed in a pattern designed to detect the sounds of a submerged target.
		Once a target was pinpointed, weapons such as the sound-seeking MK 24 acoustic homing torpedo were deployed.
		Essentially a "fire and forget" weapon, the MK 24 was widely known as "Fido" among Allied sailors because, like a hunting dog, the weapon homed in on a target once it was acquired—in this case, the sounds of a submerged submarine.
	www.mariner.org /atlantic/photos/htg20.htm (122 words)

	uboat.net - Fighting the U-boats - Technical pages
		While the concept was highly interesting, implementation had to await a better understanding of the physics of sound generation and transmission in the sea and the development of the technology from which such a torpedo could be designed and constructed.
		During W.W. II, German submarines were equipped with electrically driven acoustic homing torpedoes which had started development as far back as 1933.
		The homing system pursued by HUSL employed magnetostrictive hydrophone elements and provided for "non-proportional" steering; i.e., the rudders, in response to the amplitude of the acoustic signals being received, were positioned either in the straight ahead position or hard over in the full "turn left" or "turn right" position.
	uboat.net /allies/technical/fido.htm (1568 words)

	Newport and Navy Torpedoes - An Enduring Legacy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Another major innovation accelerated by the war was that of acoustic homing torpedoes, beginning with the Mk 24 mine-torpedo, "Fido," devised in collaboration by the Harvard Underwater Sound Laboratory and American industry.
		Shortly thereafter, NUOS assumed a key role in the development of the wire-guided, electrically-driven acoustic homing torpedo, Mark 37, which reached the Fleet in 1956 and then embarked on a technology program to prepare the ground for a new generation of heavyweight submarine torpedoes responsive to the growing Soviet threat.
		New high-energy-density propulsion systems and more sophisticated acoustic homing technologies were explored, and Newport later collaborated with Clevite-Gould and Westinghouse on the engineering develop-ment and fleet introduction of the resulting Torpedo Mark 48 in the early 1970s.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n87/usw/issue_7/newport.htm (1979 words)

	Unterseebootwaffe
		This type was the first homing torpedo as It was fitted with a passive acoustic homing device and made to be launched against escort vessels.
		This torpedo type was (as the "Falke") an acoustic homing torpedo to be searching for the propeller noise of the target (actually searching for the largest noise in the area).
		The development for creating accurate homing torpedoes had started as early as in the mid 30s but made slow progress.
	www.dataphone.se /~ms/ubootw/torpedoes.htm (537 words)

	Welcome to the United States Ship Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. DD850
		The ASROC weapons were relatively small devices designed to fit inside the distinctive eight-cell box launcher found on almost all cruisers and destroyers of the 1960's-1980's.
		Delta, the last Sailor Hat test in the ship evaluation program, was conducted to study seismological data, underwater acoustics, radio communications, cratering, air blast effects, cloud growth, fire ball generation, and electromagnetic data.
		Each cell was temperature controlled to prevent weapon overheating and could be elevated to a 45 degree angle to the horizontal for firing.
	www.ussjpkennedyjr.org /850asr.html (464 words)

	Best Torpedoes - Aircraft of World War II - Warbird Forums
		They had all sorts, ones with magnetic pistols, ones that homed onto the sound of a ships engines, ones that went a distance and then circled so if you aimed it at a ship in convoy and missed it would circle and have a chance of hitting another.
		Germany for sure, with their acoustic homing G7es T5-11 torpedo's "Zaunkönig's" (Or "GNAT's" as the Allies called them), and the pattern running G7e FAT or LUT torpedo's.
		However these USN acoustic torpedo's didn't have the tracking abilities of the Zaunkönig's, and as you mentioned yourself their small explosive charge wasnt really up to snuff.
	www.ww2aircraft.net /forum/124819-7-post.html (1045 words)

	Torpedo
		MK-48 ADCAP became operational in 1988 and was approved for full production in 1989.
		MK-48 and MK-48 ADCAP torpedoes can operate with or without wire guidance and use active or passive homing.
		The MK-46 torpedo is designed to attack high performance submarines, and is presently identified as the NATO standard.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/to/Torpedo.html (516 words)

	German U-Boat Torpedo Specification
		Located at the forward section of the torpedo, the only size variation was in the acoustic TV torpedoes (Falcon and Wren) which contained a slightly reduced size of 604lbs (274kg).
		Designed as an anti-warship weapon, the acoustic torpedo had two hydrophones side by side that directed the torpedo to home in on the target’s noise signature.
		This noise maker was towed behind warships to decoy the acoustic sensors of the torpedo, thus luring it away.
	www.uboataces.com /weapon-torpedo.shtml (1576 words)

	Chinese Defence Today - Yu-4 Anti-Ship Torpedo
		The torpedo has a range of 6km and is armed with a 309kg warhead.
		Guidance: Passive acoustic homing (Yu-4A); Active/passive acoustic-homing (Yu-4B)
		This page was last updated 25 December 05
	www.sinodefence.com /navy/weapon/yu4.asp (319 words)

	WHAT
		From the outset acoustic silence was top priority among Russian naval designers in which the western navies traditionally enjoyed a decent lead.
		Surface-launched ASW weapons such as homing torpedoes would take a long time to reach the operating depth of the Akula SSN that the later would by then have passed out of range of the acoustic homing device.
		The “thermo cline” thermal layer in oceans has a major influence on ASW operations as it affects the velocity of sound and in permanent thermo cline (found at depths of 300 to 400-m in equatorial areas and 500 to 1,000-m in sub-tropical areas) the velocity reaches the minimum.
	www.indiadefence.com /Akula-IN.htm (2373 words)

	USS COD TOUR - AFTER TORPEDO ROOM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Mark 27 Acoustic Homing Torpedo or "Cutie," seen in this compartment is electrically propelled and is intended to home in on the propeller noise generated by an attacking ship.
		Unlike conventional torpedoes that are blown out of the tubes by compressed air before their engines are activated, the Mark 27 is designed to slowly swim out of the tube so the sound detection equipment is not deafened and the enemy is not alerted by the noise from the rush of compressed air.
		A depth switch prevents the torpedo from homing in on the launching submarine.
	www.usscod.org /ator.html (699 words)

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