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Topic: Acquired immune system

	Immune system - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In multicellular organisms, the immune system is an organ system that acts as a defense against foreign pathogens (such as viruses, bacteria, parasites), some poisons, as well as suppressing cancer.
		The adaptive immune system is based on dedicated immune cells termed leukocytes (white blood cells) that are produced by stem cells in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus and/or lymph nodes.
		Suppression of the immune system is often used to control autoimmune disorders or inflammation when this causes excessive tissue damage, and to prevent transplant rejection after an organ transplant.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Immune_system (2077 words)

	An Overview of the Immune System
		Distributed detection: the detectors used by the immune system are small and efficient, are highly distributed, and are not subject to centralized control or coordination.
		The immune system uses distributed detection to solve the problem of distinguishing between self and nonself, which are elements of the body, and foreign elements respectively (actually, the success of the immune system is more dependent on its ability to distinguish between harmful nonself, and everything else).
		It is called acquired because it is responsible for the immunity that is adaptively acquired during the lifetime of the organism.
	www.cs.unm.edu /~immsec/html-imm/introduction.html (626 words)

	BROWN TB/HIV RESEARCH LABORATORY-------IMMUNOLOGICAL NON SPECIFIC EFFECTOR CELLS
		Though the specificity of the acquired immune system makes it the focus of more research than its innate counterpart, it must be remembered that these two arms of the immune system are interrelated and dependent upon one another for proper function.
		No acquired immune response could take place without the chemicals that a Helper T cell produces, and their absence, as in the case of individuals with AIDS, results in a collapse of the immune system.
		Third, the acquired immune system appears to be able to impart a degree of specificity upon its innate brethren through the useof a specific surface receptor for immunoglobulins.
	www.brown.edu /Research/TB-HIV_Lab/html/tutorial/non_sp_eff.htm (1662 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Immune response
		Acquired immunity is when the body is exposed to various antigens and builds a defense that is specific to that antigen.
		This allows the immune system to respond faster and more efficiently the next time you are exposed to the same antigen, and in many cases will prevent you from getting sick.
		Autoimmune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis) occur when the immune system acts to destroy normal body tissues.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000821.htm (1151 words)

	Nutrition and the Immune System - VN&HL
		The immune system is remarkably adaptive and is able to generate an enormous variety of cells and molecules capable of recognizing and eliminating a limitless variety of foreign invaders.
		Acquired immunity, also called specific immunity, produces a specific reaction to each infectious agent which is then "memorized" by the immune system.
		An acquired immune response is activated when the innate immune system fails to effectively combat an invading pathogen.
	www.scienzavegetariana.it /nutrizione/vnhl/LLimmunity.html (1469 words)

	Teachers' Domain: Immune Cells in Action
		The immune system is a collection of molecules, cells, and organs whose complex interactions form a defense network capable of protecting the body from organisms that cause disease.
		Immune cells like the macrophages, for example, are very good at cleansing the body of invading organisms whenever they happen upon them.
		In contrast, the cells of the acquired immune system are able to distinguish foreign cells from self, and can distinguish between different types of foreign cells as well.
	www.teachersdomain.org /9-12/sci/life/cell/immune/printer_friendly.html (429 words)

	Immune system - Gurupedia
		The complement system is a very complex group of serum proteins which is activated in a cascade fashion, and there are three pathways of activation - classical, alternative and lectin.
		The adaptive immune system, also called the acquired immune system, explains the interesting fact that when most mammals survive an initial infection by a pathogen, they are generally immune to further illness caused by that same pathogen.
		Although the dichotomy of the innate and adaptive immune systems has served to simplify and facilitate the reductionist approach to immunology, a number of fairly recent discoveries have helped to explain old mysteries of the immune system as well as blur the division between innate and adaptive immune systems.
	www.gurupedia.com /i/im/immune_system.htm (1664 words)

	Spam Detection using an Artificial Immune System
		The immune system accomplishes this goal by carefully distinguishing the parts of the organism protected by this immune system (self) from foreign entities (non-self).
		Spam detection already works in layers like the human immune system: there is a layer of legal protection [2], as well as a variety of technical protections that can be layered together.
		The spam immune system should be able to integrate into such a layered system, but for the purpose of this paper, we look at it as a single entity.
	terri.zone12.com /doc/academic/crossroads (4530 words)

	Immune System
		The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body.
		That means if the same antigen is presented to the immune system again, the antibodies are already there to do their job.
		SCID is a serious immune system disorder that occurs because of a lack of both B and T lymphocytes, which makes it almost impossible to fight infections.
	kidshealth.org /parent/general/body_basics/immune.html (2141 words)

	The Immune System and Multiple Sclerosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Autoimmune diseases are disorders of the immune system where the cells that are responsible for identifying and destroying harmful invaders mistakenly identify elements of the body's own tissue as foreign and attack it.
		Traditionally, the immune system is divided into two parts - the innate or natural immune system and the acquired or specific immune system.
		By and large, the innate immune system is unable to recognise specific invaders.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /immunesystem.html (577 words)

	Immune System
		An animal’s Immune System: system which protects the body from foreign invaders (viruses, bacteria, cancer, etc.)','(immun = safe, free)','../../sounds/bio105/immune.wav')" onMouseOver="window.status='Protects body from foreign invaders'; return true">immune system protects its body from intruders: bacteria, viruses, parasites, cancer cells, etc. An immune system is present in several animal groups, especially within the vertebrates.
		Unfortunately, this leaves the person with no immune system, so (s)he must be extremely careful during that time to avoid all possible pathogens.
		However, if the immune system is stressed and not functioning properly, a cancer cell may multiply before the immune system has a chance to kill it.
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio105/immune.htm (1139 words)

	T-cell - multiple sclerosis encyclopaedia
		T-cells are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that belongs to a division of the immune system called the acquired immune system.
		This is the part of the immune system that learns to combat invading bacteria and viruses (pathogens) through exposure to them.
		The leukocytes that belong to the acquired immune system are called lymphocytes and have receptors on their surface that recognise broken down protein fragments, called antigens, by binding with them.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /Tcell.html (683 words)

	Healthy Immune System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The health of special immune cells and thus their ability to protect the body can be greatly enhanced with proper nutrition, rest, exercise and supplements.
		It is the primary source of energy for the various cells of the immune system.* Strenuous exercise, stress and exertion in general cause glutamine reduction that may deny adequate quantities to the immune cells.
		Selenium is essential for healthy immune functioning.* Even in a non-deficient population of elderly people, selenium supplementation has been found to stimulate the activity of white blood cells—primary components of the immune system.
	www.discount-vitamins-herbs.net /ImmuneSystem.htm (3237 words)

	Immune Function - Vitacost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Symptoms of decreased immune function include frequent colds and flus, recurring parasitic infections, initially mild infections that become serious, opportunistic infections (infections by organisms that are usually well controlled by a healthy immune system, such as toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and cytomegalovirus), and cancer.
		Other studies suggest that increased oxidative damage might be the reason for the negative effects on the immune system sometimes caused by fish oil, and that increased intake of antioxidants, such as vitamin E, could correct the problem.
		Although used for long-term support of the immune system in people with depressed immune function or cancer, more research is needed to demonstrate the optimal length of time to use ligustrum.
	www.vitacost.com /science/hn/Concern/Immune_Function.htm (6299 words)

	immune
		We aim to understand how the system maintains its diversity of millions of lymphocyte populations, to understand how populations of naive and memory cells are maintained, to determine the turnover rates of various lymphocyte populations, and to understand the possible homeostatic mechanisms regulating lymphocyte population sizes.
		One conventionally thinks that the immune system is diverse to enable high affinity immune responses against a large variety of pathogens.
		The innate system instructs the lymphocyte system to induce the appropriate immune response.
	theory.bio.uu.nl /rdb/immune (2824 words)

	Human immune system. Acquired immunity. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This is the white blood cells of the immune system.
		This enables your immune system to distinguish pathogens from cells that are part of your body.
		However, with most infections, your immune system is able to produce enough antibodies to kill the pathogens that are causing the infection and the symptoms disappear.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/4/biology/abpi/immune/immune4.html (469 words)

	Immune System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The immune system has a series of dual natures, the most important of which is self/non-self recognition.
		Parts of the immune system are antigen-specific (they recognize and act against particular antigens), systemic (not confined to the initial infection site, but work throughout the body), and have memory (recognize and mount an even stronger attack to the same antigen the next time).
		The blood and lymph systems are intertwined throughout the body and they are responsible for transporting the agents of the immune system.
	uhaweb.hartford.edu /BUGL/immune.htm (3339 words)

	Project Inform: HIV Vaccines and Your Immune System [ HIV / AIDS Treatment Information ]
		HIV vaccines exploit the side of the immune system that is learned (acquired) by providing information to cells in new ways in hopes of enhancing their learning and making them more effective fighters.
		Our learned or acquired immune system is slower to respond at first, but it is highly specific in its activity and can respond fiercely and briskly once it has learned a task It includes specialized CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells (also called antigen-specific CD8+ cells) and B cells.
		Rather, it arms your immune system to respond specifically and swiftly such that the virus is controlled thus avoiding symptoms of disease (the flu).
	www.projinf.org /fs/vaccines.html (3012 words)

	surviveCANCER Foundation :: Health :: Immune System
		T cells are the normal antibodies, interferons are antiviral, killer cells are the attackers put out by the immune system to fight the infection, enzymes are common throughout the body doing many things including digestion of food.
		The compliment system is, for lack of a better description, the junction point at which the innate system calls for help from the acquired immune system.
		A major problem with cancer from an immune system standpoint is regardless of the initial cause of cancer cells, they all have in common the ability to protect their very fragile modified DNA identity with a number of special camouflage techniques.
	www.survivecancerfoundation.org /health/immune (2593 words)

	Pensive Pondering: Negative Selection - Modelling in the complement space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Negative selection in the context of the immune system (not the contect of population genetics or politics) refers to the process used to prepare T lymphocyte cells in the thymus.
		The system is a classification system that uses detectors on observed patterns, and employs many (millions) autonomous and immutable discrete detector units.
		Both broad ideas have been borrowed from the mammalian acquired immune system, and are the predominant ideas used in the field of artificial immune systems.
	pensive-pondering.blogspot.com /2005/08/negative-selection-modelling-in.html (925 words)

	Disease-fighters in our mouths provide clues to enhancing the immune system
		In contrast, we develop the antibodies of our acquired immune system over time as we're exposed to bacteria and viruses," said Dr. Beverly Dale, professor in the University of Washington Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, and scientific director of the UW Comprehensive Center for Oral Health Research.
		The role of commensal bacteria may be to alert the immune system to the possible presence of invading bacteria, according to Dale.
		The mouth is "a perfect place to study the innate immune system because it's such an incredibly complex and challenging ecological system," Dale said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-02/uow-dio021004.php (683 words)

	Echinacea: Cure for the Common Cold
		The innate immune system involves the activation and stimulation of cells that unselectively phagocytize, or engulf, any foreign invaders, while the acquired immune system differs in that it produces antibodies.
		Macrophages and monocytes are cells in the innate immune system whose major role is the phagocytosis of foreign invaders and the subsequent presentation of the foreign antigen to the B and T lymphocytes of the acquired immune system.
		The specifics of how Echinacea works to stimulate these immune activities is not yet understood, and the exact chemicals that have these effects are not presently known, but this area is currently under intensive study.
	journalofscience.wlu.edu /archive/Spring2000/Echinacea.html (1339 words)

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