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Topic: Acrolein

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	Acrolein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In organic chemistry, acrolein or propenal is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde.
		Acrolein is such a severe pulmonary irritant and lacrimating agent that it has been used as a chemical weapon during World War I.
		Acrolein is also a metabolite of the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide, and is associated with hemorrhagic cystitis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Acrolein (221 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Acrolein
		Acrolein is a colorless or yellow liquid with a disagreeable odor.
		Acrolein is used as a pesticide to control algae, weeds, bacteria, and mollusks.
		Acrolein may be found in soil, water, or air.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts124.html (804 words)

	Acrolein (CASRN 107-02-8), IRIS, Environmental Protection Agency
		The 1988 classification for acrolein was based on the increased incidence of adrenal cortical adenomas in female rats and carcinogenic potential of an acrolein metabolite, its mutagenicity in bacteria, and its structural relationship to probable or known human carcinogens.
		Acrolein was too toxic to evaluate its tumor promoting potential, and the impact of its cytotoxicity on conclusions about its tumor initiating potential cannot be determined from this study alone.
		(1985), acrolein administered by the inhalation route is retained primarily in the upper respiratory tract because of its reactivity.
	www.epa.gov /iris/subst/0364.htm (7502 words)

	EPA - Air Toxics Website - Acrolein
		Acrolein is primarily used as an intermediate in the manufacture of acrylic acid.
		Acrolein is considered to have high acute toxicity, based on short-term animal tests in rats.
		EPA has classified acrolein as a Group C, possible human carcinogen, based on limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals, the structural similarity of acrolein to substances possibly carcinogenic to humans, the carcinogenic potential of one of its metabolites, and the lack of human data.
	www.epa.gov /ttn/atw/hlthef/acrolein.html (1246 words)

	Acrolein (EHC 127, 1991) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Acrolein is released into the atmosphere during the production of the compound itself and its derivatives, in industrial and non-industrial processes involving incomplete combustion and/or thermal degradation of organic substances, and, indirectly, by photochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere.
		When mixtures of acrolein or 1,3-butadiene with nitrogen monoxide and air were irradiated in a smog chamber, the time required for the half-conversion of 1,3-butadiene to acrolein was always shorter than that required for the half conversion of acrolein.
		Acrolein was found to bind to microsomal protein in the absence of NADPH or in the presence of both NADPH and a mixed-function oxidase inhibitor.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc127.htm (12762 words)

	Acrolein (CICADS 43, 2002) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Acrolein is removed from surface water primarily by reversible hydration, biodegradation by acclimatized microorganisms, and volatilization (Bowmer and Higgins, 1976; Tabak et al., 1981; Irwin, 1987; Haag et al., 1988b; Howard, 1989; ATSDR, 1990; Springborn Laboratories, 1993).
		Acrolein was detected in the emissions from four varieties of heated cooking oils in China (Shields et al., 1995) at concentrations ranging from 49 µg/litre (peanut oil) to 392 µg/litre (rapeseed oil).
		Acrolein is mutagenic in vitro, inducing gene mutations in both bacteria and mammalian cells in culture, as well as structural chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells and sister chromatid exchanges in CHO cells and cultured human lymphocytes.
	www.inchem.org /documents/cicads/cicads/cicad43.htm (14437 words)

	ACROLEIN
		Acrolein is a severe pulmonary irritant and powerful lachrymogen at a concn of 3 ppm (7 mg/cu m) and greatly irritates the conjunctiva and mucous membranes of upper resp tract.
		Acrolein is metabolized in vitro by liver and lung microsomes to glycidaldehyde.
		Acrolein, a genotoxic aldehyde released in the metabolic activation of the cytostatic drug cyclophosphamide, is inactivated by glutathione transferases either by conjugation with reduced glutathione or by covalent binding to the enzymes in the absence of glutathione or by covalent binding to the enzymes in the absence of glutathione.
	www.frankmckinnon.com /acrolein.htm (16003 words)

	Acrolein Impairs ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1-dependent Cholesterol Export from Cells through Site-specific ...
		acrolein in the synthetic peptides HK, EK, and RK.
		B, apoA-I (0.7 mg/ml) or HDL (1 mg protein/ml) was exposed to acrolein at a mole ratio of 20:1 (acrolein/protein).
		ApoA-I (0.7 mg/ml) or HDL (1 mg of protein/ml) was exposed to the indicated concentrations of acrolein for 24 h or 500 µ
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/280/43/36386 (6199 words)

	Formation of Acrolein-derived 2'-Deoxyadenosine Adduct in an Iron-induced Carcinogenesis Model -- Kawai et al. 278 ...
		of one molecule of 2'-deoxyadenosine and one molecule of acrolein.
		that acrolein is extremely toxic to living cells (4).
		Propidium iodide (DNA, red) is shown in panels a and d, FITC (acrolein-lysine, green) is shown in panels b and e, and the corresponding combined (superimposed) images are shown in panels c and f (yellow represents co-localization).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/50/50346 (5674 words)

	Safety (MSDS) data for acrolein
		Synonyms: 2-propenal, acrylaldehyde, acraldehyde, acrylic aldehyde, allyl aldehyde, propenal, trans acrolein, acquinite, aqualin, aqualine, biocide, crolean, ethylene aldehyde, magnacide, magnacide H, NSC 8819, prop-2-en-1-al, 2-propene-1-one, slimicide, prop-2-enal
		Incompatible with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, oxygen, a variety of other chemicals, light.
		We have not verified this information, and cannot guarantee that it is up-to-date.
	ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk /MSDS/AC/acrolein.html (172 words)

	Edison's 1914 Anti-Cigarette Letter, in High School Education 1894 Context
		Nowadays, compared to Edison and his era, education has been so dumbed down that high school graduates, college, and graduate school "graduates" do not know as much science on this subject, as did grade school children of the 1885-1914 era.
		Wherefore, too many people nowadays do not, and CANNOT, understand Edison's letter referencing acrolein, and brain damage, and not hiring smokers, as reprinted above.
		Solution: Let's require that to receive a high school diploma, would-be graduates must be able to understand and explain
	medicolegal.tripod.com /edison1914.htm (12246 words)

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