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Topic: Action Directe (gang)

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Direct action

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East Turkestan Islamic Movement

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List of terrorist groups

Red Army Faction

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	Al-Qaida Brand Name Ready for Franchise - Empire? - Global Policy Forum
		A local group without direct links to al-Qaida headquarters, as in Casablanca (or with indirect links as in Djerba or Istanbul) may act in its name.
		At present national liberation movements, regardless of the importance they attach to Islam (Hamas in Palestine, Shamil Basayev’s followers in Chechnya), restrict action to their home ground and the territory of what is seen as the occupying power.
		There is further scope for alliances with political activists from the extreme right to the radical violent far-left, descendants of the Baader-Meinhof gang, Action Directe or the Red Brigades.
	www.globalpolicy.org /empire/terrorwar/analysis/2004/0901terrorbiz.htm (3718 words)

	Red Army Faction
		The group is mostly known under the name Baader-Meinhof Gang, but this name is misleading, for, although Andreas Baader was one of the leaders of the group, Ulrike Meinhof was not.
		Gudrun Ensslin was the second-in-command (and Baader's lover, by the way), but it is believed she was actually the brains behind the whole group.
		Most of the leaders of the Baader-Meinhof Gang were captured as early as 1972, both Baader and Meinhof in June of that year.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Baader-Meinhof-Gang.html (449 words)

	Action Directe (terrorist group) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Action Directe was a French Maoist/Marxist-Leninist militant group which committed a series of assassinations and violent attacks in France between 1979 and 1987.
		Action Directe was set up in 1977 by two other groups, GARI (Groupes d'Action Révolutionnaire Internationalistes, revolutionary internationalist action groups) and NAPAP (Noyaux Armés pour l'Autonomie Populaire, armed core groups for popular autonomy), as the "military-political co-ordination of the autonomous movement".
		Action Directe has carried out some fifty attacks, such as a machine gun assault on the employers' federation headquarters on May 1, 1979 as well as attacks on French government buildings, property management agencies, French army buildings, companies in the military-industrial complex, and the state of Israel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Action_Directe_(gang) (381 words)

	Europe and Central Asia: Summary of Amnesty International's Concerns in the Region January - June 2004 - Amnesty ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the course of their action the police reportedly forced their way into three houses which were unoccupied at the time and broke windows and damaged the furniture and household appliances.
		Directed against conspicuous religious display of any kind, the new law is a reinforcement of already existing constitutional law, as well as a series of preceding laws and measures which, from the nineteenth century, have established and protected the secularity of primary state education.
		In June Joëlle Aubron, a member of the former armed group Action Directe, was released from prison when her life sentence was suspended under a law of March 2002 on the rights of ill people (commonly called the "Kouchner law").
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/engeur010052004 (16788 words)

	Al-Qaida Brand Name Ready for Franchise: The Business of Terror OLIVIER ROY / Le Monde diplomatique (France) 1sep04
		There is further scope for alliances with polit ical activists from the extreme right to the radical violent far-left, descendants of the Baader-Meinhof gang, Action Directe or the Red Brigades.
		Or in action anywhere in the battlefields where the extremists sponsored by all the “rogue states” used to fight.
		The terrorist actions in Turkey in 2003 were carried out by Turks and the motives were local and not international, unified or joint.
	www.mindfully.org /Reform/2004/Al-Qaida-Franchise1sep04.htm (5673 words)

	Joelle Aubron, Direct Action* Militant, is Dead. \| Press Interpreter
		These actions had political meaning for me," she said in March 2005 on the subject of the assassination of the CEO of Renault, Georges Besse, and the engineer-general Rene Audran.
		Nearly 2,000 people, including politicians of the left and the Greens, recently signed a petition calling for the release of these three prisoners, who are going to begin their 20th year in jail.
		* Direct Action (Action Directe) was a French left-wing urban guerilla group active in the 1980s.
	www.pressinterpreter.org /node/300 (380 words)

	Islam’s resistance movement, by Georges Corm
		Although the world’s political observers were surprised by the landslide victory of Hamas in the Palestinian parliamentary elections in January, it should have been foreseen as inevitable given the disregard for international law and human rights in the Palestinian territories that have been occupied by Israel since 1967.
		The West and the UN believe that terrorism is enough to explain such diverse movements and events as resistance to occupation, attacks in New York, Madrid and London, and a long series of bombings in Muslim Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and Pakistan since 1995.
		Thirty years ago conventional police procedures ended the era’s terrorism in industrialised countries (the Red Brigades in Italy, the Baader-Meinhof gang in Germany, Action Directe in France, the Red Army in Japan); now armies are deployed internationally, encouraging young candidates for martyrdom to take violent action against illegal occupation by infidels.
	mondediplo.com /2006/03/02islam (2712 words)

	Maoists Gain Momentum in India
		Barring the case of the JVP in Sri Lanka, it was largely an insurgent movement mainly directed against the State machinery and those associated with it.
		The gang threw bombs on the roof of the two class rooms where the KSRP personnel were sleeping, killing one poiceman.
		It is said that the women in the gang shone powerful torches on the policemen while their comrades targeted them from behind the compound wall of the building with guns and grenades.
	www.saag.org /papers13/paper1251.html (3784 words)

	Combating Terrorism: What Works? What Doesn't? - Council on Foreign Relations
		Although we may view terrorists as maniacal fanatics, their actions generally are calculated to achieve political goals: the reordering of society, independence, overthrow of despised regimes, the furtherance of national policy.
		However, such an exercise in collective action will be difficult to repeat in the face of these non-territorial threats, precisely because they are diffused and, at least for now, do not threaten the collective security of the United States.
		And in order to be effective, you have to be able to get a consensus and more collective action, but it’s difficult when groups are no longer supported by—are not often supported by states and that unilateral actions often are counterproductive if you don’t get state support or allied support in these efforts.
	cfr.org /publication/76/combating_terrorism.html (9825 words)

	Red Army Faction - dKosopedia
		It operated from the 1970s to 1998, causing great unrest (especially in the autumn of 1977, which led to a national crisis) and killing dozens of high-profile Germans in its more than 20 years of existence.
		After German reunification in 1990, it was discovered that the RAF had received financial and logistic support from the Stasi, the security and intelligence organization of East Germany, which had given several terrorists shelter and new identities.
		The last action took place in 1993 with a bombing of the newly built prison in Weiterstadt, an act which may have been the RAF's swan song.
	www.dkosopedia.com /wiki/Red_Army_Faction (1973 words)

	Terrorism is Islamic
		These gangs were not only carrying out terrorist acts to seed terror in the heart of the members of the British Army but also to but in action a well studied and a long term plan to seed terror in the hearts of Palestinians in order to expel them from their homes and properties.
		It was followed by the terrifying Japanese gang, the Red Army, who had a very bad record of assassinations, kidnappings and explosions; most distinct among them was hijacking an electrical train with passengers.
		Later on, we heard about terrorist gangs in Spain named ETTA and the murder, kidnapping, assassination and explosion acts they were and are still carrying out even on the streets of Madrid, not to mention the Brigada Rossa gangs and teir abominable murder acts.
	www.khayma.com /mstnad/terrorism_is_islamic.htm (1321 words)

	Environmentalists Against War
		Meanwhile the Palestinians have seen what is left of their territory consumed by expanding settlements, and the illegal construction of the wall that is turning the West Bank into a huge collective prison (1).
		The West and the UN believe that terrorism is enough to explain such diverse movements and events as resistance to occupation, attacks in New York, Madrid and London, and a long series of bombings in Muslim Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and Pakistan since 1995.
		Thirty years ago conventional police procedures ended the era's terrorism in industrialised countries (the Red Brigades in Italy, the Baader-Meinhof gang in Germany, Action Directe in France, the Red Army in Japan); now armies are deployed internationally, encouraging young candidates for martyrdom to take violent action against illegal occupation by infidels.
	www.envirosagainstwar.org /know/read.php?itemid=3891 (2674 words)

	Asia Times - Mumbai: Tip of the jihadi iceberg
		Second, despite the reports of task forces on the revamping of the intelligence apparatus and internal security management set up by the government in 2000, and those of the three National Security Advisory Boards, there seems to be no significant improvement in India's counter-terrorism capability.
		And even if intelligence fails, a thorough investigation of the acts of terrorism committed is needed in order to identify those responsible, their supporters and their networks to take action against them.
		What we view as irrational actions, they view as the only rational response available to them to deal with the perceived acts of injustices against their community.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/EH29Df01.html (2085 words)

	LEBANESE WAR WEBSITE INFORMATIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Communist Action Organization (CAO), a dissident, radical splinter group of the LCP, was led by Muhsin Ibrahim, and had a membership of about 2,000.
		The PSP militia was involved against the government during the 1958 Civil War, and provided the leadership of Lebanese National Movement throughout the 1975 war, and fought against Phalangist troops and the Lebanese Army in the 1983 battles in the Shuf Mountains.
		Dozens of Palestinian military entities operated in Lebanon during and after the war and were the single most reason for the outbreak of war through their destablisation and lack of respect for the Lebanese state.
	www.lebwar.org /lebwar_doc/lebanese_political_party.htm (8610 words)

	Anarchist Black Cross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The ideology of the group was influenced, and paralleled with the ideas of Action Directe (of France), and AFL, Animal Liberation Front.
		The group used direct action to resist the oppression from the ruling class.
		At first their actions were fairly scattered, but in a short period they realized they could be highly effective within the nazi/racist scene.
	flag.blackened.net /agony/abc.html (2859 words)

	Black September (an overview of past palestinian terrorism) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Within hours similar attacks were being directed against several areas of Amman, including the strategic Jabal Al Hussein, and on refugee camps such as Al Wahdat which had raised the flag of the Republic of Palestine.
		The recollections of a member of the PFLP command who participated in the meetings, and the length of time it took to reach a decision, attest to the lack of agreement on what was needed to keep the flame of resistance alive.
		Israeli actions reached a climax in March 1973 in the form of Operation Spring of Youth, the assassination by an Israeli hit squad in Beirut of PLO terrorist leaders Kamal Adwan, Mohammed Yusuf Al Najjar and Kamal Nassar.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/667398/posts (5434 words)

	The Futile Search for "Root Causes" of Terrorism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Radu, Ph.D., is a Senior Fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute and directs its Center on Terrorism and Political Violence.
		The South American Tupamaros and Montoneros of the 1970s were all middle class, starting as cafe Jacobins and graduating into urban terrorism, as were their followers among the German Baader-Meinhof Gang, the Italian Red Brigades, France's Action Directe, the Sandinista leadership in Nicaragua and, before it, Fidel Castro's Cuban revolutionaries.
		Considering the composition of many of the antiglobalist groups today, it is a safe bet that middle class, prosperous, and self-righteous as they are, they will soon provide the recruits of a new wave of terrorism in the West -- as we may already be seeing in the revival of Italy's Red Brigades.
	www.hnn.us /articles/712.html (909 words)

	GANGSTERS INCORPORATED - PUPARO MIDDLE EAST TERROR PART 3
		It is seen as the first of the holdups done by the Gang of Nijvel.
		It was part of their campaign with the french Action Directe against the militairy industrial complex, which is now a target next to NATO targets and Justice targets.
		21 Februari 1987 were 4 leaders of Action Directe arrested: Georges Cipriani (he lived from 1972 till 1983 in eastern germany), Nathalie Menignon, Jean Marc Rouillan and Joelle Aubron.
	gangstersinc.tripod.com /PupTerror3.html (6798 words)

	portland imc - 2002.08.26 - IMC REPORTER AND FORMER POLITICAL PRISONER ARRESTED FOR ASKING A QUESTION
		The ideology of the group was influenced, and paralleled with the ideas of Action Directe (of France), and ALF, Animal Liberation Front.
		At first their actions were fairly scattered, but in a short period they realized they could be highly effective against the nazi/racist scene.
		Chris was convicted of "breaking and entering with an intent to burglarize" and sentenced to 15 years, and a charge of attempted murder was also raised as a means to pressure Chris to implicate comrades.
	portland.indymedia.org /en/2002/08/18375.shtml (1536 words)

	The represssion in Italy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Referring to the documents of the prosecution, Bonnano said: "The model that was realised in Germany with the R.A.F., in France with Action Directe, as today with the Basques of E.T.A., or in Italy with the Red Brigades...has nothing to do with us, have been stitched on to us as we see in these accusations.
		Whatever the case may be, the Turin squatters generally saw the attack as a direct action worth supporting.
		Solidarity actions with those who remain incarcerated have taken place in places as far apart as Argentina and Greece and a group committed to publicising the ongoing struggle is forming in Britain.
	flag.blackened.net /af/org/issue50/italy.html (1906 words)

	ESR \| June 2002 \| Enter Stage Gabbing
		While ethnic diversity may be an aim with the new program, the Chrétien government probably let other considerations influence their endorsement of the Task Force on the Participation of Visible Minorities in the Federal Public Service's report.
		Specifically, there are probably two considerations that excite the government: the promotion of the government's agenda from within and the redistribution of wealth in the form of jobs and not direct social spending.
		Although it's hardly a secret, few Canadians realize how important the civil service is to the effective functioning of the federal government.
	www.enterstageright.com /archive/articles/0902/editorial.htm (1138 words)

	[No title]
		Hofstad was connected to networks in Spain, Morocco, Italy, and Belgium, and it was planning a string of assassinations of Dutch politicians, an attack on the Netherlands' sole nuclear reactor, and other actions around Europe.
		European intelligence services have linked the cell to the Moroccan Islamic Combat Group, which is associated with the Madrid bombings and a series of attacks in Casablanca in 2003.
		The Hofstad Group should not be compared with marginal European terrorist groups of the past, such as the Baader-Meinhof Gang in Germany, Action Directe in France, or the Red Brigades in Italy.
	www.faithfreedom.org /oped/RobertLeiken60127p2.htm (970 words)

	Amazon.com: "Baader-Meinhoff Gang": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		than he could have if he and his gang were on their own.
		The same can be said of the Baader-Meinhoff Gang which operated out of West Germany with the full support of the former East Germany which supplied logistical support, weapons,...
		National counterterrorist measures were promptly taken to eliminate such groups as the Baader-Meinhoff gang in Germany, the Red Brigades in Italy, and Action Directe in France.
	amazon.com /phrase/Baader_Meinhoff-Gang (308 words)

	[Imc-uk] Anarchism and Violence - BROWN CARDS
		No anarchists behind bombs against Romano Prodi and the European Parliament etc. So called "anarchists" have been suspected of putting up bombs to hit Romano Prodi in Italy in December 2003, and a letter bomb explodes at the office of a British MEP hours after another parcel ignites at European Parliament HQ 05.01.2004.
		These so called "anarchists" ("Informal Anarchic Federation" and "Sardinian Anarcho-Insurrectionalist Gang") are however not anarchists, but ochlarchist infiltrators to the anarchist movement (ochlarchy = mob rule broadly defined).
		These actions may be taken on individual, municipal or international level, dependent on the situation.
	lists.indymedia.org /pipermail/imc-uk/2005-July/0730-09.html (2472 words)

	the dissident frogman: In and Out Procedure? • Dedans Dehors?
		Unless we forget, this time José "Break In" Bové is convicted for another violent action: the destruction of a private property.
		Either Bové's supporters (including the members of his own gang union) are effectively acknowledging that violent attacks and destruction of private chattel are a regular component of José Bové's "trade union activities"...
		If so, Bové is guilty, considering that the unrestrained recourse to violence and direct action in a democratic state against public and private assets and persons alike is precisely what qualifies a terrorist.
	www.thedissidentfrogman.com /dacha/000183.html (2873 words)

	Nationalistic Terrorism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Only rarely do such groups operate outside their home territory unless it is in their interest to do so or they claim to be representing the oppressed of some Third World (an outdated and archaic concept), or additionally, they belong to some diaspora.
		Like most European left-wing groups, RAF merged into Direct Action (a shadowy French umbrella group) to create the appearance of a superterrorist united front.
		They may or may not have ideological convictions, and a desire to see "action" may be the primary motivating force.
	faculty.ncwc.edu /toconnor/429/429lect12.htm (5572 words)

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