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Topic: Active Electronically Scanned Array

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	Active Electronically Scanned Array Information
		Main advantages over mechanically scanned arrays are extremely fast scanning rate, much higher range, tremendous number of targets being tracked and engaged (multiple agile beams), low probability of intercept, ability to function as a radio/jammer, simultaneous air and ground modes, Synthetic Aperture Radar.
		Mechanical steering may be added to AESA radars for increased radar field of view; The movement performance of the antenna would not need to be nearly as great as that of a traditional radar, as the radar sweep is not integral to the contact update rate.
		In a passive electronically scanned array (PESA), the microwave feed network in the back of the antenna is powered by a single RF source (magnetron, klystron, TWT, etc.), sending its waves into phase shift modules (usually digitally-controlled), which, in turn, feed the numerous emitting elements.
	www.bookrags.com /Active_Electronically_Scanned_Array (515 words)

	SELEX SAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Seaspray 7000E is a multi role radar combining a state of the art active electronically scanned array with a commercial off the shelf processor.
		Combining a state of the art active electronically scanned array with a commercial off the shelf processor, Seaspray 7500E offers leading edge capabilities covering both air to air and air to surface environments.
		Vixen 500E is a compact, lightweight, active electronically scanned array radar for fighter and lead in fighter trainer aircraft.
	www.selex-sas.com /pukrad_sas.html (276 words)

	Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Radars - Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems
		Our 3rd generation AESA met the high performance requirements in clutter, which mechanical or passive electronically scanned arrays are unable to meet.
		The 4th generation AESA design requirements were the result of merging requirements for airborne, sea based, and land based platforms.
		This 4th generation AESA and its associated T/R modules achieve the design commonality while satisfying unique airborne, sea borne and ground based platform requirements with high performance to meet the mission needs.
	www.es.northropgrumman.com /ASD/combat/AESA.html (259 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		An Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA), also known as active phased array radar is a type of radar whose transmitter and receiver functions are composed of numerous small transmit/receive (T/R) modules.
		In a passive electronically scanned array (PESA), the microwave feed network in the back of the antenna is powered by a single radio frequency (RF) source (magnetron, klystron, TWT, etc.), sending its waves into phase shift modules (usually digitally-controlled), which, in turn, feed the numerous emitting elements.
		AESA radars replace the traditional radar RF sources (magnetron/klystron/TWT), which usually require extremely high operating voltage and power, with multiple solid state RF sources operating at low voltage (40 to 60 volts).
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Active_Electronically_Scanned_Array (700 words)

	Yorkshire CND - Radar Becomes A Weapon - 5/9/05
		Arrays designed for carriage by aircraft appear to be focused on cruise missiles and self-defense against anti-radiation, home-on-jam and air-to-air missiles.
		AESA arrays are more efficient and reliable since their RF and low-noise amplifiers are near the radiators so that very little energy is lost.
		AESA radar has a narrower frequency range, but it uses its radar capability to identify a target, search a library for its vulnerable frequencies and then tailor the signal for the specific target.
	www.space4peace.org /articles/radar_becomes_weapon.htm (1520 words)

	Active Phased Array Radar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For application of Active Phased Array Radar as generic term describing a type of radar, see Active Electronically Scanned Array.
		APAR (Active Phased Array Radar) is a shipborne multi-function radar (more specifically, an Active Electronically Scanned Array), developed and manufactured by Thales Naval Nederland.
		These firings were the first ever live firings involving a ship-borne Active Electronically Scanned Array guiding missiles using the ICWI technique.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Active_Phased_Array_Radar (432 words)

	Navy Super Hornets Get Revolutionary Radar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The APG-79 Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar, built by Raytheon, equips new two-seat F/A-18F Super Hornets being fielded to Navy Fighter Attack Squadron 213 based at Oceana, Virginia.
		AESA radars are the first to abandon the basic design of all radars since World War II.
		And the active Air Force is considering an AESA for its ground-attack F-15Es.
	www.military.com /NewsContent/0,13319,103141,00.html (902 words)

	Raytheon Company: Products & Services: AN APG-63(V)2 AESA Radar
		The AN/APG-63(V)2 Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar combines increased pilot situational awareness with improved reliability and maintainability.
		Addition of AESA technology substantially increases pilot situational awareness, while enhancing reliability and maintainability.
		The AESA radar has an exceptionally agile beam, and provides nearly instantaneous track updates throughout the field of vision.
	www.raytheon.com /products/apg63_v2 (168 words)

	[No title]
		This array is about 1 ft by 1 ft. EACH element is backed by a solid state T/R module, which is why it is called an ACTIVE ESA.
		For electronic scanning radars these switches may be combined to make a phase shifter.
		Scanning results from a linear phased gradient introduced in the E-plane at the output.
	www.darpa.mil /darpatech99/Presentations/scripts/spo/SPOSmithScript.txt (2057 words)

	Active Electronically Steered Arrays - A Maturing Technology
		Planar arrays achieve their focussing effect not by reflection as concave antennas do, but rather by manipulating the individual time delays into a very large number of very simple slot antennas, arranged in a planar array panel.
		An electronically steered antenna of this ilk is designed with an individually electronically controlled device behind each antenna element, which can manipulate the time delay or phase of the microwave signal passing through it.
		A new technology, using the phased array concept but with a miniature transmitter and receiver in each antenna element, was seen to be the answer to the limitations of existing technologies.
	www.ausairpower.net /aesa-intro.html (3554 words)

	Affordable phase shifters for electronically scanned phased array antennas
		Phase shifters are critical elements for electronically scanned phased array antennas, and typically represent a significant amount of the cost of producing an antenna array.
		Phase shifters are the devices in an electronically scanned array that allow the antenna beam to be steered in the desired direction without physically re-positioning the antenna.
		Electronically scanned antennas have broad applicability for both commercial and military applications, including advanced military radars, cellular base stations, satellite communications, and automotive anti-collision radar.
	rfdesign.com /mag/radio_affordable_phase_shifters (2185 words)

	AESA Radars Used As 'Death Ray' Weapons?: Science Fiction in the News
		According to Aviation Week, the Pentagon is now developing active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars that could be used as weapons.
		AESA radars are comprised of many small transmit/receive modules that each scan a fixed area; the antenna does not need to move to scan an area.
		AESA radar has the built-in ability to find and track a target, so it can be held on the target for the necessary additional microseconds needed to create its weapons effect.
	www.technovelgy.com /ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=479 (709 words)

	F-22 Avionics
		The AN/APG-77 radar is an active-element, electronically scanned (that is, it does not move) array that features a separate transmitter and receiver for each of the antenna's several thousand, finger-sized radiating elements.
		The F-22 s APG-77 electronically scanned array antenna is composed of several thousand transmit/receive modules, circulators, radiators and manifolds assembled into subarrays and then integrated into a complete array.
		The Electronic Warfare 'system' is also a collection of apertures, electronics, and processors (again using the CIP) that detect and locate signals from other aircraft and controls the F-22's expendable countermeasures (chaff and flares).
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/aircraft/f-22-avionics.htm (3231 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Raytheon completed flight tests for its upgraded active electronically scanned array (AESA) radars in a company demonstration during the first week of May, company officials said May 15.
		The new AESAs are planned for upgraded F-15C units of the Air National Guard, Arnie Victor, Raytheon’s F-15 radar programs business development director, said during a briefing.
		AESAs can track more targets more quickly than traditional mechanically scanned array radars in F-15s and other combat jets.
	www.airforcetimes.com /print.php?f=1-292925-1801977.php (221 words)

	:: F-22A Raptor Stealthfighter ::
		The F/A-22's AN/APG-77 radar is an active-element, electronically scanned (that is, it does not move) array of around 2000 finger-sized transmitter / receiver modules.
		Lockheed approached the field-of-regard requirement for the radar with three radar arrays placed in the nose of the aircraft (one facing forward and two facing sideways).
		Electronic warfare (EW) and communication, navigation and identification (CNI) sensors were mounted directly on the sensor wing, which was designed to simulate the sensor positioning found on the F/A-22's wings.
	www.f-22raptor.com /af_radar.php (688 words)

	Raytheon Company: Products & Services: AESA Technology
		Raytheon’s active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar systems with groundbreaking performance and tactical advantages are the cornerstone of current and future aircraft. Throughout the past 35 years, Raytheon has remained at the forefront of radar revolution, AESA continues on in that tradition.
		Raytheon’s AESA radar systems have the ability to link fighters, bombers and surveillance aircraft, service members in the air and on the ground, integrate data from unmanned aerial vehicles and nontraditional ISR sources to provide the right information at the right time for the right mission.
		AESA radars are fielded on a variety of platforms, including the F-15 and F/A-18E/F, the B-2, and the ASTOR surveillance and reconnaissance aircraft.
	www.raytheon.com /products/aesa (342 words)

	Active Electronically Scanned Array - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The extremely fast scan of the radar makes it difficult for an ECM device to find the correct azimuth and elevation in which the radar's main lobe is currently directed.
		AESA radars replace the traditional radar RF sources (magnetron/klystron/TWT), which usually require extremely high operating voltage and power with multiple solid-state sources operating at low voltage (40 to 60 volts).
		Ericsson Erieye AEWandC and NORA AESA for JAS-39 Gripen
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Active_Electronically_Scanned_Array (642 words)

	Navy League of the United States - Citizens in Support of the Sea Services
		The APG-79 is a nose-mounted, active electronically scanned array airborne radar designed for the Navy’s F/A-18E/F Super Hornet strike fighter and slated for the EA-18G Growler electronic attack aircraft.
		Because of its solid-state transmitter and antenna, the multimode radar’s air-to-air and air-to-ground modes can be used simultaneously and scan an area at a rate approaching the speed of light.
		A low-cost, lightweight transmit/receive module — the heart of the active array — that you can assemble into an affordable array was the difficulty in the early days.
	www.navyleague.org /sea_power/apr06-58.php (475 words)

	Active Electronically Scanned Array - Definition, explanation
		An Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) is a revolutionary type of radar whose transmitter and receiver functions are composed of numerous small transmission/reception modules that each scan a small fixed area, negating the need for a moving antenna.
		AESA radars feature short to instantaneous (milisecond) scanning rates and have desirable low-probability of intercept characteristics.
		Mechanical steering may be added to AESA radars for increased radar field of view, however, no such equipped AESA radars currently exist.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/a/ac/active_electronically_scanned_array.php (295 words)

	AESA Radar to Be Trialed on UK's GR4 Tornados By 2007 - Military Photos
		A combination of AESA multi-mode radar, SAR surface-looking radar and improved computing power for integration of sensor data should be able to radically improve the Tornado GR4's situational awareness of both ground and air spaces around it.
		Convinced that the Eurofighter Typhoon needs an active, electronically scanned array (AESA) radar for export, the European firms building the aircraft have taken the initiative of funding a radar demonstrator that is now being tested by the United Kingdom and Germany.
		The Captor Active Electronically Scanned Array Radar (CAESAR) demonstrator — in which Eurofighter firms have invested “at least 8 million pounds” ($14 million), according to one industrial source — flew for three hours in the United Kingdom on Feb. 24 on a BAC1-11 test-bed aircraft, Selex SandAS said in a March 2 statement.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/showthread.php?t=74458 (1246 words)

	NAVAIR's Next Generation AESA Radar Takes First Flight in a Super Hornet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The AESA radar system was integrated in the F/A-18 by prime contractor The Boeing Company, of St Louis, Mo., and built under a subcontract by Raytheon Corporation of El Segundo, Calif. The integrated NAVAIR and Industry team expect to deliver the radar to the fleet by 2006.
		In an active array radar like the APG-79, the radar beam can be steered at close to the speed of light.
		Because the array is solid state, mechanical breakdowns are virtually eliminated, leading to dramatic improvements in reliability and lower cost, all achieved with tremendous performance enhancements.
	www.navy.mil /search/display.asp?story_id=9076 (460 words)

	Boeing: Newest Boeing F/A-18E/F Enhancement Demonstrated at Rollout Ceremonies
		The AESA radar upgrade will be integrated throughout the entire F/A-18E/F weapons system, including its advanced mission computer integration, cockpit displays integration, the environmental control system and engine integration.
		The new radar, expected to be delivered as part of the F/A-18E/F by 2005, replaces mechanically scanned antennas with a radar beam that can be steered at close to the speed of light.
		This rapid beam scan feature improves performance dramatically, and because the array is solid state, mechanical breakdowns will be virtually eliminated.
	www.boeing.com /news/releases/2002/q4/nr_021121m.html (423 words)

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