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Topic: Activity Theory

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Activity theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Activity theory further argues that subjects are grouped into communities, with rules mediating between subject and community and a division of labour mediating between object and community. Activity theory (AT) is a Soviet psychological meta-theory, paradigm, or framework, of which the principal founders were Alexei Nikolaevich Leontyev, and S. Rubinshtein (1889-1960). Activity theory provides a number of useful concepts that can be used to address the lack of expression for ‘soft’ factors which are inadequately represented by most process modelling frameworks. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Activity_theory   (2263 words)

Activity Theory and Actor Network Theory In the Activity theory the subject-object relationship is a historical phenomenon, one that came to exist as a result of biological and cultural evolution. The Activity theory agrees with the ANT in emphasizing the significance of the active nature of artifacts and objects. In order to better understand the mediation, the nature of different kinds of mediating artifacts, their functions, and interrelationships in activity need to be analyzed In the Activity theory such an attempt has been made by studying the functional, historically evolving interrelationships between different kinds of artifacts and their relationship to the structure of activity. www.sfu.ca /~scolr/PDF-READINGS/Reijo-analysiswood.html   (10550 words)

Cultural Historical Activity Theory A special virtue of the use of activity as an adjunct to, or substitute for, the concept of context is that it both forces attention to the historical dimension of the context/activity in question and allows a means of identifying crucial constituents of the phenomenon being investigated as they relate to each other. Vygotsky (1987) places communication at the center his theory of language and thought by arguing that "the thought is completed in the word." Therefore, in designing activities, we paid central attention to arranging interactions where adult and child participants had to pause to comment on their problem solving efforts in oral or written reflections. It is by tracing changes between the activity and its contexts, considered in both their temporal and spatial dimensions, that allows us to gain some purchase on the problem of understanding the dynamics of change. lchc.ucsd.edu /People/Localz/MCole/browncole.html   (6521 words)

Activity Theory — an introduction Activity Theory can be used to provide a broad conceptual framework that can be used to describe the structure, development and context of tasks that are supported by a computerised system. Activity Theory requires that the way a human interacts with reality should be analysed within the context of development. Activity Theory offers the possible integration of many HCI theories and concepts, thus helping to maintain conceptual integrity in terms of design, evaluation and usage. osiris.sunderland.ac.uk /~cs0car/hci/3_con_at.htm   (374 words)

Activity theory Rizzo and Marti (1997) Activity Theory and Labor Dunne (1995) Activity Theory (This article traces the rationale for activity theory from an historical backdrop of constructivist thought from Piaget to Vygotsky to Leont'ev.) Activity Theory in the Practice of Design (2002 CSCW Issue, David Redmiles, ed.) carbon.cudenver.edu /~mryder/itc_data/activity.html   (583 words)

Social Activity Theory The intention of social activity theory is clearly the construction of a theoretical apparatus, albeit a de-ontologising construction. I constructing social activity theory, I am aspiring to the level of self-referentiality that characterises mathematical systems. Under these conditions, the power of the theory is maximised, in terms of its potential range of application, to the extent that its theoretical objects are not fixed in terms of level of analysis. www.ioe.ac.uk /ccs/dowling/sat2001.htm   (6931 words)

Activity Theory of A.N. Leontiev The intent there is to indicate that the Activity Theory approach is one of many "transformative" accounts to mental evolution which were put forward throughout the 20th century as alternatives to both Mental Darwinism and interactionism in psychology. The "Activity Theory" approach to psychology proposed by Soviet psychologist A.N. Leontiev (1903-1979) was very much concerned with providing a mental evolutionary account of the continuity and discontinuity between human and animal psychological existence. *In 1992 an "International Society for Cultural-historical Research and Activity Theory" (ISCRAT) was formally established. www.comnet.ca /~pballan/AT.htm   (927 words)

Activity Theory The human activity is typical mediated by the tools used and artefacts that are considered in relation to the activities, eg, policy documents, samples, recipes, facilities... As illustrated in the case studies the starting point for the use of this approach to understanding an activity is to begin with the outcomes, verify that the activity may contribute 'objects' to that outcome... The activity is also mediated by the community in which the activity is being carried out. www.educ.utas.edu.au /users/ilwebb/Research/activity_theory.htm   (572 words)

Rhetoric: Activity Theory This tutorial introduces participants to Activity Theory, a conceptual approach that provides a broad framework for describing the structure, development, and context of computer-supported activities. A Web community will be established so attendees will be able to continue to learn about and use activity theory. Martin Ryder's index of online resources in activity theory. rhetoric.eserver.org /categories/theory/activity   (113 words)

Routine Activity Theory Routine Activity Theory (RAT) is one of the main theories of "environmental criminology". It was developed by criminologists Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson, who have worked for a number of years on crime prevention theory. RAT states that for a predatory crime to occur, 3 elements must be present when any crime is committed. www.crimereduction.gov.uk /learningzone/rat.htm   (536 words)

Activity theory "Activity Theory has its roots in the work of the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky during the first half of the twentieth century. It is a holistic, emergent view of learning based on the idea that human learning is mediated through practical activity; activity is mediated by cultural signs: language, tools, media, and conventions; and these technologies are themselves the artifacts of practical activity. As the artifacts change, activity changes along with the consciousness of the participants in a continuous, evolving cycle of learning. www.uib.no /people/sinia/CSCL/web_struktur-783.htm   (141 words)

New Support for the Perceptual Activity Theory of Imagery The heart of the Perceptual Activity Theory of Imagery (PA theory) is the contention that the experience of imagery arises from our more or less covert reenactment of the specific exploratory perceptual behavior that would be appropriate for exploring the imagined object if it were actually present. He concludes that this evidence is not consistent with the quasi-pictorial theory of Kosslyn, and argues instead that the perceptual activity (or PA) theory, as outlined in ATOITOI, provides a better account of the full range of relevant neuroscientific and phenomenological evidence. If any direct experimental or theoretical challenges to PA theory are published (and come to my attention), they will also be discussed here, together with my rebuttal (if I have one). www.calstatela.edu /faculty/nthomas/newsupa.htm   (4838 words)

Atomic Activity Theory Although the Subactivity Theory can represent arbitrary composition of activities, the composition of atomic activities is restricted to concurrency; to represent complex, or nonatomic, activities requires the Complex Activity Theory. is TRUE in an interpretation of the Atomic Activity Theory if and only if either ?a is primitive or it is the concurrent superposition of a set of primitive activities. Since concurrent activities may have preconditions and effects that are not the conjunction of the preconditions and effects of their activities, this core theory takes the following approach: www.mel.nist.gov /psl/psl-ontology/part12/atomic_page.html   (249 words)

New Evidence Of Lava Dam Failure And Fault Activity Supports Theory That Grand Canyon Is Geologic Infant Webb, Fenton and Cerling collaborated on the fieldwork that supports this theory of catastrophic failure in the lava dams. These reservoirs did not leave deltas, which is consistent with this theory. This runs counter to previous theories that say the canyon formed slowly and continuously through uplift of the Kaibab Plateau and steady, day-by-day erosion by water and wind. www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/07/020722074554.htm   (1417 words)

Routine Activity Theory There are many theories around that attempt to explain how and why crimes occur, but this one is a well-known theory which provides a straightforward explanation of why crimes occur. The theory explains why crimes occur and looks at the three elements present when any crime is committed. RAT was developed by Marcus Felson, a criminologist who has worked for a number of years on crime prevention theories. www.crimereduction.gov.uk /skills08.htm   (1179 words)

Activity Theory This theory takes a holistic approach to the design of HCI's, taking into account all the principles involved in human activity. The theory has been developed to help in providing a better computer learningsupport and navigational tools claudegr.cms.livjm.ac.uk /claudegr/courses/multimedia/uid2/act.htm   (49 words)

Activity Theory Special Issue Activity Theory and System Design: A View from the Trenches [pdf] [MS Word] Realist Activity Theory for Digital Library Evaluation: Conceptual Framework and Case Study [pdf] [MS Word] Physical and Virtual Tools: Activity Theory Applied to the Design of Groupware [pdf] [zip and README] www.ics.uci.edu /~redmiles/activity/final-issue.html   (183 words)

Publications Faculty of Education Victoria University of Wellington Paper presented at the Fifth Congress of the International Society for cultural Research and Activity Theory (ISCRAT), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, 18-22 June. Aotearoa New Zealand's early childhood curriculum document in theory and in practice. Between a Flax and a Mangrove: Theories of Human Development for Aotearoa. www.vuw.ac.nz /education/about/publications.aspx   (2279 words)

The Pavlovian Society Schilder and Pavlov's theory of higher nervous activity: A critique and apologia. The neurophysiological aspects of Pavlov's theory of higher nervous activity: In honor of the 150th anniversary of Pavlov's birth. Pavlov's conceptualization of the dynamic stereotype in the theory of higher nervous activity. www.pavlovian.org /windholzbiblio.htm   (865 words)

Sample Chapter -- Cognitive Dissonance From the cognition that the activity is unpleasant, it follows that one would not engage in the activity; the cognition that the activity is unpleasant is dissonant with engaging in the activity. Self-perception theory (Bem, 1967, 1972) argued that dissonance effects were not the result of motivation to reduce the psychological discomfort produced by cognitive dissonance but were due to a nonmotivational process whereby persons merely inferred their attitudes from their behavior and the circumstances under which the behavior occurred. They suggest that dissonance theory is a theory concerned with rationalization of behavior and that as such, it is not a theory of cognitive consistency, the management of personal responsibility, or the management of one's moral worth. www.apa.org /books/4318830s.html   (5504 words)

Rhetoric and Agency I am afraid that a theory of agency that works of contemporary rhetoric will require an understanding of desire, of displacement, and of the associative logics of substitution and membership. We need a theory of agency that understands subjectivity as dispersed, as a series of articulated networks that connect speakers and hearers in multiple, sometimes contradictory ways. Leaving aside the very big questions of whether the psychoanalytic and poststrucuralist critiques are entirely justified in each of their claims, I will begin with what we have left, the notion of activity, and then consider what kinds of subjects and what kinds of intentions might be justifiably connected to rhetorical activity. www.comm.umn.edu /ARS/Agency/wells,agency.htm   (5504 words)

Signal Detection Theory Presenting a signal on top of that noise, will therefore shift the amount of sensory activity to the right (higher), by an amount equal to that sensory systems sensitivity to that signal. With these assumptions, the four cells of an outcome matrix can be represented as areas under the two normal distributions (for sensory activity experienced on noise alone trials and signal+noise trials). If the amount of sensory activity exceeds that amount, the participant will say the detected the signal, any amount less than that and they will say they did not detect the signal. brain.mcmaster.ca /~lab/dprime.html   (817 words)

Political economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ecology is often involved in political economy, because human activity is one of the single largest effects on the environment, and because it is the suitability of the environment for human beings which is one of the central concerns of most human beings. Political economy, then, studies the mechanism of human activity in organizing material, and the mechanism of distributing the surplus or deficit that is the result of that activity. Political economy, because it is concerned with a view of underlying reality, is often required to be multi-disciplinary in its approach. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_choice_theory   (3967 words)

Free Radical Test Kit The free radical theory of aging says that it is the primary cause of aging itself. “Free radical testing capabilities provide me with valuable data for correlating highly reactive free radical activity with specific disease processes. This happens when antioxidant activity is inadequate, hence the importance of maintaining proper antioxidant activity in the body. www.naturalhealthconsult.com /Monographs/Freeradical.html   (650 words)

Activity Activity Theory Activity Theory is a Soviet psychological theory invented by Alexei Nikolaevich Leontyev, which became o... Activity series of metals The activity series has applications in electrochemistry, where two dissimilar metals are chos... Enzyme activity Enzyme activity is the catalytic effect exerted by an enzyme. www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/activity.html   (650 words)

Play (activity) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For example, play is defined as nonserious activity; yet when watching children at play, one is impressed at the seriousness with which they engage in it. Play can also be seen as the activity of rehearsing life events in a safe context e.g. The theory of play and its relationship with rules and game design is also extensively discussed by Katie Salen and Eric Zimmerman in their book: Rules of Play : Game Design Fundamentals. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Play_(activity)   (507 words)

"Dependency Theory: An Introduction," Vincent Ferraro, Mount Holyoke College, July 1966 Dependency theory suggests that the success of the richer countries was a highly contingent and specific episode in global economic history, one dominated by the highly exploitative colonial relationships of the European powers. In short, dependency theory attempts to explain the present underdeveloped state of many nations in the world by examining the patterns of interactions among nations and by arguing that inequality among nations is an intrinsic part of those interactions. Dependency theory suggests that alternative uses of resources are preferable to the resource usage patterns imposed by dominant states. www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/depend.htm   (2751 words)

emotion.htm I argue that an activity theory --which regards emotions as interdependent and interpenetrating with other cultural phenomena-- is central for the cultural psychology of emotions. The activity basis of emotions and emotion concepts is further illustrated by gender differences in emotions. Social emotions, such as camaraderie, are positive, constructed only in social interaction (typically religious rituals), experienced by numerous individuals together, experienced only by men who are the sole participants of such interactions, are considered to be expressive acts not as internal states, and are regarded as the only true emotions. www.humboldt1.com /~cr2/emotion.htm   (15122 words)

Solar Activity: A Dominant Factor in Climate Dynamics The solar dynamo theory developed by H. Babcock, the first still rudimental theory of sunspot activity, starts from the premise that the dynamics of the magnetic sunspot cycle is driven by the sun’s rotation. This means that cosmic rays, strongly modulated by solar activity, achieve an effect within three and a half years for which the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere needs centuries. The solar irradiance decreased from the sunspot maximum 1979 to the minimum 1986, increased again on the way to the next maximum in the 11-year sunspot cycle, and decreased anew in the descending phase. www.john-daly.com /solar/solar.htm   (12660 words)

Queuing Theory Discussion Using the word "Queue", which is more common in British than American English and means "a line up" or "to form a line", a closely reasoned body of mathematical theory has been developed to describe this common human activity - theory applicable to normal economic activity. Queuing Theory deals mathematically with both the regularities and irregularities of such systems - ultimately identifying occurrences of congestion (resulting from irregularities) and offering avenues for improving efficiency, as well as producing specific numerical data for further application. Queuing Theory arises from the use of powerful mathematical analysis to theoretically describe production processes along with statistical/probabilistic techniques to account for varying dynamic patterns within the stages of a productive process. www.snc.edu /socsci/chair/333/quethry.htm   (1463 words)

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