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Topic: Acyl halide

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acyl halide

acyl group

acyl chain

di acyl chlorides

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	Acyl halide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An acyl halide (also known as an acid halide) is an organic compound containing a -COX functional group, which consists of a carbonyl group singly bonded to a halogen atom such as chlorine ( Cl ).
		Acyl halides are commonly made by halogenating a carboxylic acid, hence the name acid halide.
		Acyl halides are artificial, rather reactive compounds often synthesized to be used as intermediates in the synthesis of other organic compounds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Acyl_halide (408 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Thus, when preparing fatty acid halides on a commercial scale, one of the problems encountered is the separation of the fatty acid halide from the inorganic material because settling of the two layers is often very time consuming and difficult due to possible emulsification of the two phases.
		The acyl halide is preferably a fatty acid halide or chloride of a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched fatty acid, more preferably a fatty acid chloride of a saturated or unsaturated linear fatty acid.
		A method for separating a composition containing acyl halide and an inorganic phase, comprising feeding the composition to a continuous separation apparatus, wherein the continuous separation apparatus separates the composition into an acyl halide phase and an inorganic phase.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/04080.010118&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7916 words)

	Carboxylic Acids
		The Acyl Halide Family is a family of organic compounds with the functional group being the -COX.
		Acyl Halides cannot be prepared from one of the members of the other acyl families because they represent the most reactive of the families.
		Acyl halides will react with water as a nucleophile to form the Carboxylic acid and a strong Hydrogen Halide whish will react with water itself to form a corrosive strong acid which can be very irritating to the eyes and skin.
	members.aol.com /profchm/acylhal.html (1220 words)

	Preparation of .alpha.-arylalkanoic acids - United States Patent 4,912,254
		The substituted acyl halides of formula II are prepared from corresponding acids by.alpha.-halogenation of the alkanoic acid by the addition of halide in the presence of a catalytic amount of phosphorus trichloride (Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction) to afford the.alpha.-haloalkanoic acid.
		The optically active.alpha.-substituted acyl halides are prepared by resolution of the racemic.alpha.-hydroxyalkanoic acids or esters by conventional methods using optically active amine bases or from available amino acids, for example, such as by methods described in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, 76, 6054 (1954).
		The metal halides such as zinc chloride, cobalt chloride, zinc bromide, stannous chloride, ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, nickel bromide, cadmium chloride, magnesium chloride, mercurous chloride, mercuric chloride, antimony chloride, barium chloride, calcium chloride, cuprous chloride, cupric chloride, manganese chloride, stannic chloride, bismuth chloride and palladium trichloride are considered particularly useful.
	xrint.com /patents/us/4912254 (11731 words)

	Mixed ester O-quinone diazide photosensitizers and process of preparation - Patent 4892801
		A photosensitizer according to claim 2, wherein the phenolic compound is a trihydroxybenzene, a dihydroxybenzophenone, a trihydroxybenzophenone or a tetrahydroxybenzophenone; and said organic acid halide is a lower alkyl sulfonyl halide, a benzene sulfonyl halide, a lower alkyl acyl halide or a benzoyl halide.
		A photosensitizer according to claim 4, wherein the phenolic compound is a trihydroxybenzene, a dihydroxybenzophenone, a trihydroxybenzophenone or a tetrahydroxybenzophenone; and said organic acid halide is a lower alkyl sulfonyl halide, a benzene sulfonyl halide, a lower alkyl acyl halide or a benzoyl halide.
		A photosensitizer according to claim 5, wherein the phenolic compound is a trihydroxybenzene, a dihydroxybenzophenone, a trihydroxybenzophenone or a tetrahydroxybenzophenone; and said organic acid halide is a lower alkyl sulfonyl halide, a benzene sulfonyl halide, a lower alkyl acyl halide or a benzoyl halide.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4892801.html (4821 words)

	Acids - 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Similar to acids and amides, the carbon atom of the acyl halide will be atom number 1 in the numbering scheme.
		In naming the acyl halide, the final -e of the alkane is replaced by -oyl halide.
		Acyl halides are man made, and the most commonly used is the acyl chloride.
	www.chem.ucalgary.ca /courses/351/Carey/nomenclature/acids/acids-3.html (147 words)

	Acid chloride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Acyl chlorides are a subset of acyl halides and undergo many of the chemical reactions mentioned under Acyl halide.
		Acyl chlorides are often prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.
		Acyl chlorides can also be prepared using certain phosphorus chloride reagents such as phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus pentachloride.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Acid-chloride.htm (409 words)

	Preparation of solid polymers from aromatic primary diamine and acyl halide of trimellitic anhydride - Patent 4048144
		The process of claim 1, wherein the acyl halide derivative of trimellitic anhydride is the 4-acid chloride of trimellitic anhydride.
		The new polymers of this invention are advantageously prepared by reacting an acyl halide derivative of trimellitic anhydride and an aromatic primary diamine.
		According to the process of the invention, the new polymeric products are prepared from an acyl halide derivative of trimellitic anhydride (1,2,4-benzene tricarboxylic acid anhydride), having at least one acyl halide and that in the 4-ring position, which include derivatives such as the 4-acid chloride, 1,4- and 2,4-diacid chloride.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4048144.html (5331 words)

	card30 formatio of acyl halides from carboxylic acids. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Acyl halides [RC(=O)X] are very useful synthetic surrogates for carboxylic acids.
		Acyl halides must be protected from moisture; reaction with water brings about formation of the starting acid.
		Acyl halides are useful precursors for the Friedel-Crafts reaction, for production of ketones, and for production of esters and amides.
	www.mc.edu /campus/users/valente/classes/ch304/card30.htm (137 words)

	Acyl Families and Nucleophilic Reactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Acyl Families are families that have the acyl group as a part of their structure.
		The factor that decides whether the acyl compound will undergo addition or substitution largely depends upon the ability for the "Y" group attached to the acyl carbon to be displaced by the incoming nucleophile.
		acyl halides are more reactive than acyl anhydrides which in turn are more reactive than carboxylic acids which are more reactive than esters which are more reactive than amides.
	members.aol.com /logan20/nucleo.html (789 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Working backwards, this molecule is a ketone, and the two carbons of the acyl group have been added to the carbon skeleton of the starting material.
		The transfer of an acyl group such as this, to a carbon skeleton, can be accomplished by the addition of a dialkylcopperlithium reagent to an acyl halide.
		The transfer of an acyl group such as this, to a carbon skeleton, can be accomplished by the addition of a dialkylcopperlithium reagent to an acyl halide, as shown above.
	chipo.chem.uic.edu /web1/OCOL-II/WIN/CH21/21D/21DCANS.HTM (313 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0050038286
		Thc acylating agent is particularly an acid anhydride, an acyl halide or an enol ester.
		A process according claim 1, wherein the acylating agent is an acid anhydride, an acyl halide or an enol ester.
		Examples of acyl halides are straight or branched chain alkanoyl chlorides such as acetyl, propionyl and butyryl chloride.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20050038286".PGNR.&OS=DN/20050038286&RS=DN/20050038286 (2836 words)

	MCE-Summer2000CHEM501-BPgraph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The boiling points of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes), simple alcohols, carboxylic acids and acyl halides increase with molecular weight because the Van der Waals forces between molecules increase with the number of atoms.
		Acyl halides react fast with water, a nucleophile, and the hydrolysis process produces the corresponding halogen acid.
		Acyl halides are the most reactive of carboxylic acid derivatives.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~bsalazar/ALKENEbprsch.html (1346 words)

	CarboxylicAcids
		In terms of synthetic chemistry, it is important to relate the type of transformation shown in Equation 1 to the reactions that are used for the preparation of alcohols, e.g.
		The reaction sequence illustrated by Equation 3 begins with an aldol condensation that produces the a,b-unsaturated aldehyde 2-butenal.
		Nitriles, RCN, may be prepared by the Sn2 reaction of primary and secondary alkyl halides with cyanide ion.
	www.usm.maine.edu /~newton/Chy251_253/Lectures/CarboxylicAcids/CarboxylicAcids.html (1089 words)

	Phosphorus tribromide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although acyl bromides are rarely made in comparison with acyl chlorides, they are used as intermediates in the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
		reacts with the carboxylic acid to form the acyl bromide, which is more reactive towards bromination.
		On a commercial scale, phosphorus tribromide is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals such as alprazolam, methohexital and fenoprofen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phosphorus_tribromide (587 words)

	Patent 5935593
		The preferred polymer chains are polysaccharides (e.g., starch or cellulose ethers) and the preferred multifunctional carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of adipic acid, sebacic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, 1, 2, 3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, and 1, 10-decanedicarboxylic acid.
		Preferred methods include the steps of contacting a crosslinker comprising an acyl halide derivative of a multifunctional carboxylic acid with a polysaccharide under conditions sufficient for the three-dimensional, polymer gel network to form so that the gel network includes polysaccharide chains crosslinked with the acid.
		Preferred methods use a crosslinker that is an acyl halide derivative of a multifunctional carboxylic acid, such as, for example, an acyl halide derivative of adipic acid, sebacic acid, succinic acid, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, or 1,10 decanedicarboxylic acid.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/081099OG/5935593_mechanical_081899.htm (974 words)

	Acyl halide - TheBestLinks.com - Alcohol, Amine, Amide, Carbon, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Acyl halide - TheBestLinks.com - Alcohol, Amine, Amide, Carbon,...
		Acyl halide, Alcohol, Amine, Amide, Carbon, Chlorine, Carboxylic acid, Ester...
		An acyl halide is an organic compound containing a carbon atom which is double-bonded to an oxygen atom and singly bonded to a chlorine atom.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Acyl_halide.html (109 words)

	[No title]
		C4SO0000 122 thiocarbonic acid monoester C4SOC100 123 thiocarbonic acid diester C4SOC200 124 thiocarbonic acid ester halide C4SOX_00 125 carbamic acid deriv C4O2N000 126 carbamic acid C4O2NH00 127 carbamic acid ester (urethane) C4O2NC00 128 carbamic acid halide C4O2NX00 129 thiocarbamic acid deriv.
		S3O00000 169 sulfinic acid S3O2H000 170 sulfinic acid ester S3O2C000 171 sulfinic acid halide S3O1XX00 172 sulfinic acid amide S3O1N000 173 sulfenic acid deriv.
		S1O00000 174 sulfenic acid S1O1H000 175 sulfenic acid ester S1O1C000 176 sulfenic acid halide S1O0XX00 177 sulfenic acid amide S1O0N100 178 thiol S1H10000 179 alkylthiol S1H1C000 180 arylthiol S1H1A000 181 phosphoric acid deriv.
	merian.pch.univie.ac.at /~nhaider/cheminf/fgcodes.txt (438 words)

	(WO 01/04080) PROCESS FOR OBTAINING ACYL HALIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		(57) Processes for separation of acyl halides from an inorganic phase are disclosed.
		The processes are faster than traditional gravitational settling processes, and result in improved separation of the acyl halide, e.g., fatty acid chloride, from phosphorous acid.
		Also disclosed are acyl halides obtained by methods of the present invention, as well as products prepared from acyl halides of the present invention.
	wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/04080.010118&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (157 words)

	[No title]
		] A carbene radical in which at least one of the groups attached to the divalent carbon is an acyl group; for example, acetylcarbene.
		-keto acid acyl carrier protein, releasing carbon dioxide and the sulfhydryl form of acyl carrier protein.
		] A nitrene in which the nitrogen is covalently bonded to an acyl group.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/A/A10/DictA10.html (2615 words)

	Acylation - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In chemistry, acylation is the process of adding an acyl group to a compound.
		The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent.
		Because they form a strong electrophile when treated with some metal catalysts, acyl halides are commonly used as acylating agents.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Acylation (129 words)

	Chem 2262, Section 1
		acyl chloride > ester > amide; B.; ester > amide > carboxylic acid
		ester > acyl halide > amide, D. acid anhydride > amide > ester
		One step in the Gabriel synthesis involves the reaction of a phthalimide ion with an alkyl halide to produce an N-substituted phthalimide.
	www.chem.lsu.edu /lucid/daly/quiz3.htm (408 words)

	Rule C-481 Acyl Halides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		481.1 - Acyl halides, that is, compounds in which the hydroxyl group of a carboxyl group is replaced by halogen, are named by placing the name of the corresponding halide after that of the acyl radical.
		481.2 - When another group is present that has priority over acyl halide for citation as principal group, or when the acyl halide group is attached to a side chain, the prefix "fluoroformyl-", "chloroformyl-", "bromoformyl-", or "iodoformyl-" is used.
		This HTML reproduction of Sections A, B and C of IUPAC "Blue Book" is as close as possible to the published version [see Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Sections A, B, C, D, E, F, and H, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979.
	www.acdlabs.com /iupac/nomenclature/79/r79_380.htm (174 words)

	Chapter 17 : Friedel-Crafts acylation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		enhances the electrophilicity of the acyl halide bycomplexing with the halide.
		The acyl halide reacts with the Lewis acid to form a a more electrophilicC, an acylium ion
		C bearing the acyl- groupreforms the C=C and the aromatic system, generating HCl and regeneratingthe active catalyst.
	www.chem.ucalgary.ca /courses/351/Carey5th/Ch17/ch17-2-4.html (157 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		wherein the acyl halide (acid chloride) is first formed and readily converted to the carboxamide.
		In the next steps, compound 2 may be converted first into an acyl halide 3, as shown in Scheme 1.
		Then, the acyl halide 3 is converted to a diazoketone 12 by nucleophilic attack of diazomethane on the acyl halide 3, as shown below.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/92249.011206&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (8517 words)

	Third Exam Advice
		Given the starting materials and reaction conditions, you should be able to predict the product of the following reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives (acyl halides, acyl anhydrides, esters, amides, and nitriles) with nucleophiles and other reagents:
		acyl halide or anhydride + alcohol or amine or carboxylate;
		acyl halide, acyl anhydride, aldehyde, ketone + elemental halogen (under acidic conditions);
	www.chem.uky.edu /Courses/che232/RBG/exams/exam3advice.html (614 words)

	243april16.html
		A. After the nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon, an alkoxide ion is formed that can be protonated by the solvent.
		The Wittig Reaction: a reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with phosphonium ylide to form an alkene.
		A. The phosphonium ylide is obtained by an SN2 reaction between triphenylphosphine and an alkyl halide.
	spot.pcc.edu /~chandy/243/243april16.html (392 words)

	Chem 22 Summer 2002 Ch 16-17 Review Outline
		Only ________ will react with acids, esters, or acyl halides to make ____________.
		Only ________________ will react with acyl halides to make ______________.
		Principle of reactivity for acids and derivatives: general nucleophilic acyl substitution equilibrium reaction.
	homepage.smc.edu /anderson_jamey/Rev2.htm (546 words)

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