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	Ad hominem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ad hominem is one of the best-known of the logical fallacies usually enumerated in introductory logic and critical thinking textbooks.
		Ad hominem circumstantial involves pointing out that someone is in circumstances such that he or she is disposed to take a particular position.
		This form of the argumentum ad hominem is a genetic fallacy and red herring, and is often but not necessarily an appeal to emotion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ad_hominem (1866 words)

	Argumentum ad hominem - Wikipedia en espaÃ±ol
		Un argumento ad hominem o argumentum ad hominem (en Latin, significa "dirigido al hombre"), es una falacia lÃ³gica que implica responder a un argumento o a una afirmaciÃ³n refiriÃ©ndose a la persona que lo formula, en lugar de al argumento por sÃ mismo.
		Ad hominem circunstancial implica mencionar que alguien se encuentra en una circunstancia en la cual estÃ¡ predispuesta a tomar una determinada posiciÃ³n.
		Ad hominem tu quoque (literalmente, "dirigido al hombre, tu tambiÃ©n") puede denominarse tambiÃ©n como el argumento de la " hipocresÃa ".
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ad_hominem (802 words)

	Attacking the Person - (argumentum ad hominem) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ad hominem (abusive): instead of attacking an assertion, the argument attacks the person who made the assertion.
		Ad hominem (circumstantial): instead of attacking an assertion the author points to the relationship between the person making the assertion and the person's circumstances.
		Ad hominem (tu quoque): this form of attack on the person notes that a person does not practise what he preaches.
	www.goodart.org /attack.htm (247 words)

	Ad hominem
		An ad hominem argument, or argumentum ad hominem ( Latin, literally "argument against the man [or person]"), is a fallacy that involves replying to an argument or assertion by attempting to discredit the person offering the argument or assertion.
		To be sure, however, the term is often used as a synonym for "insulting one's opponent in the middle of otherwise rational discourse." But this is not how the meaning of the term is typically introduced in logic and rhetoric textbooks, and logicians and rhetoricians are widely agreed that this use is incorrect.
		Ad hominem abusive usually and most notoriously involves merely (and often unfairly) insulting one's opponent, but can also involve pointing out factual but damning character flaws or actions.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ad/Ad_hominem.html (505 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ad hominem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A traditional, regular (fallacious) ad hominem argument was identified by Aristotle in his On Sophistical Refutations and has the basic form: Aristotle (sculpture) Aristotle (Greek: Î‘ÏÎ¹ÏƒÏ„Î¿Ï„ÎÎ»Î·Ï‚ AristotelÄ“s) (384 BC â€“ March 7, 322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher.
		An appeal to authority is a type of argument in logic also known as argument from authority, argumentum ad verecundiam (Latin: argument to respect) or ipse dixit (Latin: he himself said it, where an unsupported assertion depends on the asserters credibility).
		The second form of the ad hominem was identified by John Locke in his An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, when he wrote that it was John Locke John Locke (August 29, 1632â€“October 28, 1704) was a 17th-century philosopher concerned primarily with society and epistemology.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ad-hominem (2830 words)

	Ad hominem - Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An ad hominem argument, also known as argumentum ad hominem ( Latin, literally "argument to the man"), is a logical fallacy that involves replying to an argument or assertion by addressing the person presenting the argument or assertion rather than the argument itself.
		Conversely, not all ad hominem attacks are insulting.
		The argumentum ad hominem is a genetic fallacy and red herring, and is often but not necessarily an appeal to emotion.
	www.greatestinfo.org /Ad_hominem (783 words)

	Ad hominem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An ad hominem argument, also known as argumentum ad hominem ( Latin, literally "argument against the man"), is a logical fallacy that involves replying to an argument or assertion by attempting to discredit the person offering the argument or assertion.
		Ad hominem is best applied to deduction, and not the evidence (or premise) of an argument.
		Not often discussed, a pro hominem fallacy is the reverse of an 'ad hominem fallacy: the logic of an argument is accepted because of the person who makes it.
	www.indexlistus.de /keyword/Ad_hominem.php (712 words)

	Ad hominem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Inverted-Ad Hominem - also an "appeal to authority" fallacy but, stated as such is a better reflection of the bind the fallacymonger finds himself in, in presenting this fallacy, especially when self-referencing credentials as a critical point to the argument.
		A regular-ad hominem fallacy consists of saying that someone's argument is wrong and/or they are wrong to argue at all purely because of something discreditable about the person rather than about the argument itself.
		An inverted-ad hominem fallacy consists of saying that, someone's argument is wrong and/or they are wrong to argue at all purely because of something authoritive about the opposed or those cited by them.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/A/Ad-hominem.htm (1035 words)

	PREGNANCY.ORG :: View topic - How not to post on the debate boards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A Circumstantial ad Hominem is a fallacy in which one attempts to attack a claim by asserting that the person making the claim is making it simply out of self interest.
		A Circumstantial ad Hominem is a fallacy because a person's interests and circumstances have no bearing on the truth or falsity of the claim being made.
		An ad hominem argument, or argumentum ad hominem (Latin, literally "argument against the man [or person]"), is a fallacy that involves replying to an argument or assertion by attempting to discredit the person offering the argument or assertion.
	www.pregnancy.org /phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=37747 (1474 words)

	Ad Hominem
		"Ad Hominem" means "against the man" or "against the person." The person presenting an argument is attacked instead of the argument itself.
		An Ad Hominem is a general category of fallacies in which a claim or argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author of or the person presenting the claim or argument.
		The reason why an Ad Hominem (of any kind) is a fallacy is that the character, circumstances, or actions of a person do not (in most cases) have a bearing on the truth or falsity of the claim being made (or the quality of the argument being made).
	www.hebrew4christians.com /Clear_Thinking/Informal_Fallacies/Ad_Hominem/ad_hominem.html (374 words)

	Fallacies of Relevance
		The argument ad ignorantiam (from ignorance) is the fallacy that is committed when it is argued that a proposition is true simply because it has not been proved false, or that it is false because it has not been proved true.
		The tu quoque (you are another or you also do it) is a variety of the circumstantial ad hominem argument; for example the hunters accused of needless killing of animals replies that the person that makes this argument eats harmless animals (eats meat).
		Argument ad populum (literally appeal "to the people," and by implication to easily aroused emotions of the crowd or majority) is often used by public speakers including politicians.
	campus.murraystate.edu /academic/faculty/franklin.robinson/FALLACIESOFRELEVANCE.htm (1593 words)

	Fallacies [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ad hominem, appeal to pity, and affirming the consequent are some of the fallacies of relevance.
		Guilt by Association is an ad hominem fallacy in which a person is attacked for associating with an unpopular group, provided the associating is irrelevant to the issue at hand.
		Guilt by association is a version of the ad hominem fallacy in which a person is said to be guilty of error because of the group he or she associates with.
	www.iep.utm.edu /f/fallacies.htm (13277 words)

	classical rhetoric appeals
		Ad Hominem involves attacking the proponent of an argument, rather than addressing the inherent strength of the argument itself.
		Ad Ignorantium is the argument that since it cannot be proven that something is false, it must be true, or that since there is no proof something is true, it must be false.
		The appeal to an unnamed authority is a form of ad Verecundiam, where the claims made by a supposed expert on a particular subject cannot be tested as the authority is not indentified.
	www.rhetorica.ironyparty.org /fallaciesappeals.htm (821 words)

	Ad Hominem Fallacy
		hominem argument is an attack on someone's character.
		hominem arguments are very common in politics, and authority-based arguments are...
		hominem, argument at the man (man as in a human being...
	www.futuregate.co.uk /ad_hominem_fallacy.html (243 words)

	Logical Fallacy: Argumentum ad Hominem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ad Hominem is the most familiar of informal fallacies, and—with the possible exception of Undistributed Middle —the most familiar logical fallacy of them all.
		The phrase "ad hominem argument " is sometimes used to refer to a very different type of argument, namely, one that uses premisses accepted by the opposition to argue for a position.
		Circumstantial: A Circumstantial Ad Hominem is one in which some irrelevant personal circumstance surrounding the opponent is offered as evidence against the opponent's position.
	www.fallacyfiles.org /adhomine.html (502 words)

	Fallacy: Ad Hominem
		In the circumstantial form of the ad hominem fallacy, it is the irrelevance of the connection between the belief held and the circumstances of those holding it that gives rise to the mistake.
		Circumstantial ad hominem arguments are sometimes used to suggest that the opponents' conclusion should be rejected because their judgment is warped, dictated by their special situation rather than by reasoning or evidence.
		When a circumstantial ad hominem argument charges the opponents with a lack of trustworthiness by virtue of group membership or conviction, that is an accusation of prejudice in defense of self-interest and is clearly also an abuse.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/648612/posts (3357 words)

	Ad hominem - SourceWatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ad hominem rebuttals are one of the best-known of propagandist tactics.
		Such refutation is said to be "against the person" ( ad hominem) and not their proposition.
		Moreover, it is not necessary to insult the individual or organization whose argument is attacked in order to commit the ad hominem attack.
	www.sourcewatch.org /wiki.phtml?title=Ad_hominem (459 words)

	Just the FAQ: What is and is not Ad Hominem Abusive?
		Indeed, to vehemently deny and defend from the charge of Ad Hominem Abusive personal attack when only taken to task for Ad Hominem at all, is in and of itself, at best a most frustrating misunderstanding, or else further additional irrelevant diversionary distortion, red herring changing the subject.
		And there is also argumentum ad hominem where argument is meant in the sense of persuasive appeal to a person and their own feelings or interests.
		Ad Anthropomorh Argumentum C haracter Inference is disqualification by inference reading in whatever sort of implication of character defect or motive as intrinsic to whatever argument or assertion.
	www.foolquest.com /fooltrek_faq/ad_hominem.htm (1619 words)

	The Ad Hominem family (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ad hominem is a Latin phrase meaning "at the man." Fallacies in this family all share the characteristic that they concern themselves with the person responsible for the argument, rather than the argument itself.
		Another common name for this type of fallacy is genetic fallacy, since it attacks the source or "genesis" of the argument rather than the argument itself.
		The fallacies in the Ad Hominem Family are...
	www.cuyamaca.net /bruce.thompson/fallacies/adhominem.asp (109 words)

	Argumentum Ad Hominem
		Argumentum ad Hominem (abusive and circumstantial): the fallacy of attacking the character or circumstances of an individual who is advancing a statement or an argument instead of trying to disprove the truth of the statement or the soundness of the argument.
		The personal attack is also often termed an " ad personem argument: the statement or argument at issue is dropped from consideration or ignored and the locutor's character or circumstances are used to influence opinion.
		Since the circumstantial variety of the ad hominem can be regarded as a special case of the abusive, the distinction between the abusive and the circumstantial is often ignored.
	philosophy.lander.edu /logic/person.html (544 words)

	Ad hominem - Definition up Erdmond.Com
		argument, also known as argumentum ad hominem ( Latin, literally "argument against the man"), is a logical_fallacy that involves replying to an argument or assertion by attempting to discredit the person offering the argument or assertion.
		Ad hominem is one of the best-known of the logical fallacies usually enumerated in introductory logic and critical_thinking textbooks.
		The ''argumentum ad hominem'' is a genetic_fallacy and red herring, and is often but not necessarily an appeal_to_emotion.
	www.erdmond.com /Ad_hominem.html (743 words)

	Argumentum ad Hominem: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This is a valid way of reducing the credibility of the testimony given by the witness, and not Argumentum ad Hominem; however, it does not demonstrate that the witness's testimony is false.
		The circumstantial form of Argumentum ad Hominem is committed when a person argues that his opponent ought to accept the truth of an assertion because of the opponent's particular circumstances.
		This particular form of Argumentum ad Hominem, when one alleges that one's adversary is rationalizing a conclusion formed from selfish interests, is also known as "poisoning the well".
	65.31.199.63 /tggl/serious/logic/informal/redherring/genetic/hominem.html (249 words)

	Ad Hominem
		hominem shall be made in writing to the Secretary of the Faculty of Dental Surgery by a Fellow in...
		hominem (circumstantial): instead of attacking an assertion the author...
		Hominem occurs when an attack on the character or other irrelevant personal...
	www.futuregate.co.uk /ad_hominem.html (317 words)

	[No title]
		argumentum ad hominem (abusive): argument addressed against the opponent rather than the issue, for instance making the point that one's opponent is a communist in a discussion on computer science.
		Shifting the burden of proof, a special case of "argumentum ad ignorantium," is a fallacy of putting the burden of proof on the person who denies or questions the assertion being made.
		Fallacy of argumentum ad baculum (argument from power or force.) The Latin means "an argument according to the stick." "argument by means of the rod," "argument using force." Arguing to support the acceptance of an argument by a threat, or use of force.
	www.empowermentzone.com /fallacy.txt (6108 words)

	bc skeptics \| critical thinking \| relevance: circumstantial ad hominem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Circumstantial ad hominem is usually a pretty blatant attempt to give the impression that a conflict of interest is being exposed.
		The focus is on their personal circumstances, but not necessarily on their character, and can be distinguished somewhat from abusive ad hominem, which tends to be more focused on character assassination.
		This class of fallacy refers to comments about the opponent that are intended to either convince the opponent to stop arguing, or to convince the audience to stop listening to his arguments.
	seercom.com /bcs/resources/criticalthinking/irf.circadhom.html (181 words)

	Ad hominem : Ad hominem tu quoque
		Thus, for example, merely insulting another person in the middle of otherwise rational discourse doesn't necessarily constitute ad hominem, as this term has usually been taught.
		Moreover, it isn't necessary to insult the person whose argument is attacked in order to commit the ad hominem fallacy.
		To be sure, however, the term is often used as a synonym for "insulting one's opponent in the middle of otherwise rational discourse." But this isn't how the meaning of the term is typically introduced in logic and rhetoric textbooks, and logicians and rhetoricians are widely agreed that this use is incorrect.
	www.fastload.org /ad/Ad_hominem_tu_quoque.html (540 words)

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