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Topic: Adaptation to extrauterine life

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	eMedicine - Neonatal Resuscitation : Article Excerpt by: Robin L Bissinger, MSN, RNC, NNP
		Even though prenatal care is able to identify many potential fetal difficulties antepartum, allowing maternal transfer of care to the referral center, many women who experience preterm labor are not identified prospectively, therefore not allowing the appropriate maternal transfer to a tertiary perinatal center.
		For this reason, all personnel involved in delivery room care of the newborn should be trained adequately in all aspects of neonatal resuscitation.
		Along with the necessary skills, the practitioner should approach any resuscitation with a good comprehension of transitional physiology and adaptation, as well as an understanding of the infant’s response to resuscitation.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/neonatal-resuscitation.htm (440 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Adaptation to extrauterine life
		Upon its entry to the air-breathing world, the newborn must begin to adjust to life outside the uterus.
		The decrease in venous return results in left atrial pressure being slightly higher than right atrial pressure, which closes the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale fetal circulation shunts, and another increase in pulmonary blood flow from approximately 4% to 100% of cardiac output.
		All of these changes result in the adaptation of the cardiovascular system from fetal circulation patterns to an adult circulation pattern.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Adaptation_to_extrauterine_life (756 words)

	Practical Nursing Course Descriptions
		Presents family centered approach to pregnancy, birth, and adaptation to extrauterine life.
		Presents illnesses that interfere with these processes throughout life span with focuses on physiological, psychological, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects during each stage of development.
		Presents illnesses that interface with these processes throughout the life span with focus on physiological, psychological, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects during each stage of development.
	www.stchas.edu /coursedesc/practicalnursing.shtml (525 words)

	Adaptation to extrauterine life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		Upon its exit into the oxygen-consuming world, the newborn must begin to adjust to life outside the uterus.
		The decrease in venous return results in left atrial pressure being slightly higher than right atrial pressure, which closes the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale fetal circulation shunts, and another increase in pulmonary blood flow from approximately 4% to 100% of cardiac output.
		All of these changes result in the adaptation of the cardiovascular system from fetal circulation patterns to an adult circulation pattern.
	www.mrsci.com /Obstetrics/Adaptation_to_extrauterine_life.php (701 words)

	Adaptation to extrauterine life - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Upon its exit into the oxygen-consuming world, the newborn must begin to adjust to life outside the uterus.
		The decrease in venous return results in left atrial pressure being slightly higher than right atrial pressure, which closes the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale fetal circulation shunts, and another increase in pulmonary blood flow from approximately 4% to 100% of cardiac output.
		All of these changes result in the adaptation of the cardiovascular system from fetal circulation patterns to an adult circulation pattern.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Adaptation_to_extrauterine_life (758 words)

	Adaptation (eye) - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Adaptation (eye) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		Adaptation (eye) - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Adaptation (eye).
		Adaptation of the CNS to thermodynamic changes: temperature and pressure
		The term adaptation when used within the context of the biology of the eye refers to its ability to adjust to various levels of darkness and light.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Adaptation-eye.html (258 words)

	Postnatal - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		During the first stages of this period, the newborn also starts her or his adaptation to extrauterine life, the most significant physiological transition until death.
		A woman in the Western world may leave the hospital as early as 6 hours postpartum, though the average for spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) is 1-2 days, and the average cesarian section postnatal stay is 3-4 days.
		The major focus of postpartum care is ensuring that the woman is healthy and capable of taking care of her newborn, equipped with all the information she needs about breastfeeding, reproductive health, contraception, and the imminent life adjustment.
	www.iridis.com /Postnatal (383 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Vasodilatation of intrapulmonary arteries to P2-receptor nucleotides in normal and ...
		The high pulmonary arterial pressure during foetal life falls after birth as the intrapulmonary arteries (IPA) adapt to extrauterine life, involving changes in vascular structure and reactivity (Hall and Haworth, 1987; Haworth and Hislop, 1981; Levy et al., 1995; Liu et al., 1992).
		The purpose of the present study was to clarify the role of purine-induced vasodilatation in the neonate by studying the response to nucleotides in isolated porcine IPA from foetal to adult life.
		ALLEN, K.M. and, HAWORTH, S.G. (1986) Impaired adaptation of pulmonary circulation to extrauterine life in newborn pigs exposed to hypoxia: an ultrastructural study..
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v128/n3/full/0702815a.html (4407 words)

	Glomerular filtration rate during the period of adaptation to extrauterine life -- Leake and Trygstad 11 (9): 959 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		Glomerular filtration rate during the period of adaptation to extrauterine life -- Leake and Trygstad 11 (9): 959 -- Pediatric Research
		Glomerular filtration rate during the period of adaptation to extrauterine life
		gestation during the first 24 hr of their extrauterine life.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/abstract/11/9/959 (198 words)

	Historical Review and Recent Advances - Chapter 3
		Leo Stern, M.D. Adaptation to extrauterine life involves the newborn infant in a series of biological adjustments to a totally new set of environmental conditions.
		It is also interesting to note that the gradual disappearance of the brown fat stores within the first year of life correlates well with the time of conversion from nonshivering to shivering thermogenesis and the clinical ability of the infant to shiver when exposed to cold.
		With the transfer to extrauterine life, however, the infant is now subject to external factors that will provoke and, in turn, regulate the adaptive maneuvers he must make to maintain thermal stability.
	www.neonatology.org /classics/mj1980/ch03.html (7477 words)

	Adaptation to extrauterine life Obstetrics
		Upon its exit into the oxygen-consuming world, the newbornmust begin to adjust to life outside the uterus.
		The decrease in venousreturn results in left atrialpressure being slightly higher than right atrial pressure, which closes the ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale fetal circulationshunts, and another increase in pulmonary blood flowfrom approximately 4% to 100% of cardiac output.
		All of these changes result in the adaptation of the cardiovascular system from fetal circulation patterns to an adultcirculationpattern.
	www.lumrix.com /medical/obstetrics/adaptation_to_extrauterine_life.html (677 words)

	Postnatal Information
		During the first stages of this period, the newborn also starts her or his adaptation to extrauterine life, the most significant physiological transition until death.
		The major focus of postpartum care is ensuring that the woman is healthy and capable of taking care of her newborn, equipped with all the information she needs about breastfeeding, reproductive health, contraception, and the imminent life adjustment.
		Postpartum depression can be the response to the hormonal changes and life adjustment the woman goes through immediately after childbirth.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Postnatal (388 words)

	Adaptation - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Adaptation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		*Adaptation in biology, an anatomical structure, physiological process or behavioral trait that has evolved over a period of time by the process of natural selection that increases the likelihood of producing larger numbers of offspring or its reproductive success.
		For example, the works of William Shakespeare have been the source for several adaptations.
		*Adaptation a film starring Nicolas Cage and Meryl Streep released in 2002.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Adaptation.html (146 words)

	The overall nutritional goal for preterm infants is to sustain normal growth and development as would have occurred ...
		However, there is controversy as to whether it is more beneficial to the infant to reproduce postnatally the pattern of nutrient accreation and tissue composition found inutero at a corresponding postconceptional age or to offer a pattern of nutritional accreation that results in the most successful adaptation to extrauterine life.
		An infant born at 26 weeks, therefore, has not had the same preparation for enteral feeding in addition to the fact that many of the nutrients laid down and acquired in late gestation are in low reserves.
		At present evidence suggests that breast milk reduces the incidence of NEC as well as achieving many other essential goals in the early life of the infant, however nutritional fortification is imperative for some, and possibly all, essential minerals in which breast milk is deficient.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session2/group53/diet.htm (1631 words)

	British Journal of Pharmacology - Vasoconstriction of intrapulmonary arteries to P2-receptor nucleotides in normal and ...
		The vasoconstrictor responses of isolated intrapulmonary arteries (IPA) to P2-receptor agonists was investigated during adaptation to extrauterine life in the normal piglet and the effect of pulmonary hypertension was studied following exposure of newborn animals to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (51 kPa) for 3 days.
		Uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) evoked a contractile response in normal intrapulmonary arteries from foetal to adult life, the magnitude of the response increasing with age.
		The contractile response was low in the perinatal animals suggesting that the agonists tested may not have physiological importance in the presence of the high pulmonary tone present at this age.
	www.nature.com /bjp/journal/v128/n3/full/0702814a.html (4523 words)

	Graduate Catalog, 2003-2005. Fields of Study
		Discussion of physiological alterations across the life span and of the nursing measures indicated to restore and maintain health.
		Embryology, genetics, adaptation to extrauterine life, congenital anomalies, immunology, and the physiology and pathophysiology of puberty are considered from a developmental perspective, so that students are able to gain an understanding in depth of functional and dysfunctional integration of organ systems in the developing human.
		Advanced knowledge and skills involved in the assessment of individuals throughout the life span, within the context of the family, to determine their health status.
	www.utexas.edu /student/registrar/catalogs/grad03-05/ch4/n/n.crs.html (4327 words)

	Historical Review and Recent Advances - Chapter 3
		Leo Stern, M.D. Adaptation to extrauterine life involves the newborn infant in a series of biological adjustments to a totally new set of environmental conditions.
		It is also interesting to note that the gradual disappearance of the brown fat stores within the first year of life correlates well with the time of conversion from nonshivering to shivering thermogenesis and the clinical ability of the infant to shiver when exposed to cold.
		With the transfer to extrauterine life, however, the infant is now subject to external factors that will provoke and, in turn, regulate the adaptive maneuvers he must make to maintain thermal stability.
	www.neonatology.net /classics/mj1980/ch03.html (7477 words)

	extrauterine - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		TheFetus.net - Extrauterine pregnancy, left uterine tube-MAV Sanchez...
		Neonatal Adaptation to Extrauterine Life 1/24/99 Click here to start
		Your search for images in 'Extrauterine' has returned 6 record(s).
	ca.encarta.msn.com /extrauterine.html (80 words)

	Neonatal respiratory distress in the community hospital: when to transport, when to keep - Clinical Review Journal of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		In general, radiographs taken in the first 24 hours of life are extremely difficult to read, even by pediatric radiologists.
		It is important only to recognize whether the problem is consistent with normal, transitional processes (adaptation to extrauterine life) or whether the problem demands more attention.
		Transition, also known as neonatal adaptation, refers to the adjustment of the newborn from intrauterine existence to extrauterine life.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0689/is_n4_v46/ai_20582095/pg_2 (544 words)

	Endothelin 1-21 plasma concentrations on days 1 and 4 of life in healthy and ill preterm neonates.
		They have been implicated in a variety of perinatal pathologic conditions, and their plasma concentrations have been found elevated in humans at birth.
		The purpose of this study was to determine ET 1-21 plasma concentrations in healthy and ill preterm infants and to investigate possible concentration changes with time from birth in cases of normal and abnormal adaptation to extrauterine life.
		Twenty-eight, comprising group A, were healthy (22/28) or minimally affected (6/28) and 8, comprising group B, were moderately (2/8) or severely ill (6/8) requiring continuous positive airway pressure or intermittent positive pressure ventilation as well as surfactant administration.
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_7662810.html (297 words)

	chet_london_maternal_1\|Normal Newborn: Needs and Care\|Objectives
		The overall goal of newborn nursing care is to provide comprehensive care while promoting the establishment of the new family unit.
		In the period immediately after birth, during which adaptation to extrauterine life occurs, the newborn requires close monitoring to ensure normal transition.
		Nursing goals during the first 4 hours after birth (admission period) are to maintain a clear airway, maintain a neutral thermal environment, initiate oral feedings, facilitate attachment, and prevent hemorrhage and infection.
	wps.prenhall.com /chet_london_maternal_1/0,5406,364841-,00.html (225 words)

	Adaptation to Life by By: George E. Vaillant, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0316895210 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-17)
		Behavioral Adaptation to Intertidal Life (By Guido Chelazzi (Editor))
		Metabolic Adaptation to Extrauterine Life (By R. De Meyer)
		Honeybee Ecology: A Study of Adaptation in Social...
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/0316895210.html (228 words)

	MCHNewbornExam
		Apgar Scoring System is used to assess the infant’s immediate adaptation to extrauterine life by making the following observations: Score each infant at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth.
		week of life occurs when the infant (particularly one of low birth weight) is placed on one side.
		Harlequin dyschromia/harlequin color change: A cutaneous vascular phenomenon unique to neonates in the first week of life occurs when the infant (particularly one of low birth weight) is placed on one side.
	faculty.washington.edu /alexbert/MEDEX/Winter/MCHNewbornExam.htm (10086 words)

	eMedicine - Neonatal Resuscitation : Article by Robin L Bissinger, MSN, RNC, NNP
		To decrease neonatal morbidity and mortality, the practitioner must be able to rapidly identify infants whose transition from an intrauterine to extrauterine physiology is delayed.
		An understanding of the structure and function of the fetal pulmonary vascularity and the subsequent transition to neonatal physiology is important to assist with adaptation effectively during resuscitation.
		However, because of the advantages of long shelf life, low cost, ready availability, and the lack of evidence of the superiority of other agents, isotonic sodium chloride solution is the most frequently used agent for volume expansion.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2598.htm (13180 words)

	Core Competencies In Nurse-Midwifery - February 1978
		Anatomy, physiology and indicators of normal adaptation of newborn to extrauterine life.
		Methods to facilitate newborn's adaptation to extrauterine life.
		Anatomy and physiology of continuing adaptation to extrauterine life and stabilization of the neonate.
	www.midwife.org /display.cfm?id=606 (1666 words)

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